面积计算发现式学习环境的构建策略

在现代学习理论背景与计算机辅助教学技术支持下,尝试构建面积计算发现式学习环境,阐述了该学习环境的构建思路,提出了3条基本构建策略.

利用多媒体教学手段 建构发现式学习环境

随着我国教育事业的发展和人民生活水平的提高,计算机教学在职教中逐步普及.不少学校把使用CAI(计算机辅助教学)教学软件作为提高学生能力和素质的重要手段.然而,由于计算机多媒体教学在我国的发展较晚,教师对于计算机教学手段的掌握和运用能力仍处在发展的探索阶段.所以,在某种程度上,仍然比目前的教育思想的发展及教育改革的发展滞后.

环境检测中的检测方法验证探讨

所谓性能检查主要是指在实验室研究开发过程中获得的数据与实际理论值之间的比较,以实现评估整个测试过程开发过程中实验室性能的最终目标。在质量评估监测和测试过程中,能力验证的重要性和依赖性非常高,可以有效地反映不同实验室的整体能力,有助于识别不同实验室之间的差距。在实验室性能演示过程中,需要有效评估实验室的整体性能,并对检测过程进行有效监控,以确保检测环境功能在实际实施中达到预期效果。同时,利用适当的能力控制作用,可以及时纠正实验室开发过程中的缺陷,有助于提高实验室的整体检测能力。在验证环境试验的性能时,性能检查主要是指环境试验实验室识别特定对象、及时发现试验过程中的问题、提高试验结果说服力的能力。在新时期,积极做好环境检测工作十分重要,检测方法是环境检测的基础。为了促进环境测试的有效运行,需要进行一些分析和研究。因此,本文重点介绍了控制方法的试验方法种类、特点和控制程序,为相关人员提供理论依据和帮助。

基于XNA的虚拟数控铣床仿真系统

为解决数控铣床加工过程的仿真实现问题,基于虚拟制造和计算机仿真的基本思想,以Microsoft Visual Studio 2008为开发平台,利用C#、XNA(Windows Xbox Next-Generation Architecture)和3ds MAX为开发工具,实现了虚拟数控铣床仿真系统。通过实验证明,该系统能准确模拟真实数控铣床在不同转速、NC(Numerical Control)代码等条件下的各种操作与运动。用户能通过使用该系统达到对数控铣床操作与编程的学习、训练等初步体验,有助于节省使用真正数控铣床的时间,降低学习和培训费用。

Manufacturing Process Oriented Environmental Friendly Assessment with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution

Green manufacturing is a mode to realize environmental friendliness by considering the environmental impact and energy consumption in manufacturing process.In order to make an environmental friendly assessment for manufacturing process,a multi-criteria decision making( MCDM) model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( FAHP) and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution( FTOPSIS) is proposed in this work.The environmental and resource criteria and manufacturing process objects are identified as the first step.Then,the weights of the criteria are calculated by FAHP.Finally,based on experts' evaluation using fuzzy words,the manufacturing process objects are ranked by FTOPSIS.The proposed methodology is applied to a gear shaft manufacturing.The sensitivity analysis and comparisons are implemented to prove its robustness and effectiveness for the ecofriendly assessment for process objects.

Appeal of 3 ＋ 4 Program： Good Students are Few but Growing at Secondary Vocational Schools in Shanghai

Secondary vocational education in Shanghai continues to experiment in an attempt to find ways to solve the decline of student enrollment and adjust to rapidly changing social and economic environments. The 3 ＋ 4 Pilot Program （three-year secondary vocational education and four-year undergraduate education） has been under experiment since 2014. It has attracted more and more academically good junior middle school graduates to secondary vocational schools with the national and local favorable policies and laws. Except the three-year’s hand-on practice, what appeals most to the junior middle school graduates is the academic transfer under the Program, a breakthrough in history of vocation education in China. However, only initiating a new program is not enough. Shanghai government should map out a long-term plan to set up promotion to increase the public awareness to change the long prevailing outdated ideology in order to add more to its appeal of the Program. There is still much work to be done before expanding the scope of the Program.

Uncertainty Quantification for Multivariate Eco-Hydrological Risk in the Xiangxi River within the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

This study develops a multivariate eco-hydrological risk-assessment framework based on the multivari-ate copula method in order to evaluate the occurrence of extreme eco-hydrological events for the Xiangxi River within the Three Gorges Reservoir （TGR） area in China. Parameter uncertainties in marginal distri-butions and dependence structure are quantified by a Markov chain Monte Carlo （MCMC） algorithm. Uncertainties in the joint return periods are evaluated based on the posterior distributions. The proba- bilistic features of bivariate and multivariate hydrological risk are also characterized. The results show that the obtained predictive intervals bracketed the observations well, especially for flood duration. The uncertainty for the joint return period in ＂AND＂ case increases with an increase in the return period for univariate flood variables. Furthermore, a low design discharge and high service time may lead to high bivariate hydrological risk with great uncertainty.

Sustainability Capacity Building Based on Educational Method: A Case Study on China and Sweden Joint Program

Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing countries. This paper takes SIDA supported EE&ESD in formal educationadvanced international training program, China as an example. By analyzing and reflecting its orientation, implementation, outcomes and evaluation, experiences and lessons learned are expected to help improve the sorts of international cooperation capacity building programs both from international and also Chinese perspectives.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Environment Design of Duan Slope of Shui Nationality

In the building process of beautiful villages, Chinese traditional culture and folk culture have been affected by foreign culture. The ethnic cultufe, especially the traditional festival place of Shui nationality and tiie human environment on. which it depends, is facing new challenges. This study analyzed, the predicament in the environment design of Duan slope, as well as its causes. Combining the environmental characteristics of Duan slope of Shui nationality, strategies were put forward for the environment design of Duan slope so as to lay a foundation for the protection and inheritance of traditional ethnic cultural symbok, the continuation of regional culture and the creation of place spirit.

Application of Phytostabilization Technology in Remediation of Metal Mine Wasteland

The mining of metal mines has lead to serious environmental pollution and ecological damage, making remediation of mine wasteland urgent. Due to vegetation destruction, serious water and soil erosion and heavy metal migration and diffusion exist in the metal mine wasteland. Traditional physical and chemical treatment cannot solve these problems well. On the basis of analysis on status of metal mine wasteland, the application feasibility of phytostabilization technology in metal mine wasteland was analyzed. It was found that the phytostabilization could increase the vegetation coverage of metal mine wasteland in a relatively short time. In addition to solving the environmental problems, phytostabilization also created significant economic and ecological benefits.

Ecological Optimization Design Methods for the Green Space System in Densely Built-up Areas

This paper is aimed at studying the environmental degradation of densely built-up areas in the process of urbanization in Qiina. In consideration of the severe environmental conditions of die densely built-up afeas, such as the lack of green space and. open space, ecological disturbance in some areas, poor landscape quality, this paper focused on the ecological space optimization in the process of urban renewal Firstly, theories related to this field were analyzed, and a comprehensive ecological efficiency evaluation sjrstem was established based on disciplines such as urban ecology, landscape ecology, urban sociology, behavioral psychology, biology, urban planning and design. Secondly, this system was used to judge the ecological efficiency of typical blocks on GIS platform and to find out the key spatial nodes that need to be updated. Thirdly, in different cases, space optimization projects witii different theories were designed, and the spatial model of influence was used to comprehensively evaluate their ecological efficiency. Finally, the parameters under different conditions were corrected to get a systematic system for evaluating the green space system in densely built-up areas＊ Due to the lack of undetstanding of the ecological fonction of green space in the past, die environmental condition of densely built-up areas is not good. Therefore, the most important task of urban oigauic renewal is ecological restoiation. In this paper, die exploiation is based on the reservation for built-up afeas to avoid repeated reconstruction and interference. Authors of this paper tried to find out a way to rebuild green space system that performed more complex functions with limited spatial resources. The application of “micfo-ttansfotmation” of green space system in densely built-up areas turns out to improve the quality of landscape while reducing the construction costrds

A New Method of Assessing Environmental Flows in Channelized Urban Rivers

Assessing environmental flows （e-flows） for urban rivers is important for water resources planning and river protection, Many e-flow assessment methods have been established based on species＇ habitat pro- vision requirements and pollutant dilution requirements, To avoid flood risk, however, many urban rivers have been transformed into straight, trapezoidal-profiled concrete channels, leading to the disappearance of valuable species, With the construction of water pollution-control projects, pollutant inputs into rivers have been effectively controlled in some urban rivers, For these rivers, the e-flows determined by tradi- tional methods will be very small, and will consequently lead to a low priority being given to river pro- tection in future water resources allocation and management, To more effectively assess the e-flows of channelized urban rivers, we propose three e-flow degrees, according to longitudinal hydrological con- nectivity （high, medium, and low）, in addition to the pollutant dilution water requirement determined by the mass-balance equation, In the high connectivity scenario, the intent is for the e-flows to maintain flow velocity, which can ensure the self-purification of rivers and reduce algal blooms; in the medium connectivity scenario, the intent is for the e-flows to permanently maintain the longitudinal hydrological connectivity of rivers that are isolated into several ponds by means of weirs, in order to ensure the exchange of material, energy, and information in rivers; and in the low connectivity scenario, the intent is for the e-flows to intermittently connect isolated ponds every few days （which is designed to further reduce e-flows）, The proposed methods have been used in Shiwuli River, China, to demonstrate their effectiveness, The new methods can offer more precise and realistic e-flow results and can effectively direct the construction and management of e-flow supply projects,

Foliar Dust Size Characteristics of Greening Trees in Aksu, Northwest China

Urban greening trees intercept the migration of atmospheric particulate matters near the ground, and it is difficult for the particulate matters trapped by foliage to re-elevate, thus reducing the hafm to humans. The dust-capturing ability and foliar dust size charactetistics of different greening trees are different In addition, the dust capturing of trees is distutbed by many factors such as sel natural and human factors. The foliar dust and natural dustfaJl in 11 common, tree species in Aksu, Northwest China were collected to analyze tihe particle size distribution diacacteristics,and obtain the concentrations of PM^ and PM10. The results showed that Pktanus acenfolia, Populus alba var. pyramidaJis and Uhnus densa. had high foliar dust attachment density and strong particle-capturing capacity,while Elaeagnus angustifoliaL., Pyrns sinldangensis, Sophora japonica L. had low foliar dust attachment density. The foliar PMZ5 and PM10 contents were highest in E. ongustifolia （0.68%） and Vitis vinefcra （3.59%）, tespectively. The volume fraction of fine partides was small in natural dustM and was kige in foliar dust The median of foliar dust particle size followed tiie descending ordei： industrial area 〉 transportation hub area 〉 residential area 〉 clean area; and the median of natural dustfall particle size followed the descending order： dear area 〉 transportation hub area 〉 industrial area 〉 residential area. There was a big difference between the two.

Hanging Gardens in Modern High-Rise Apartment Buildings

Hanging gardens,which follow the concept of ecology and sustainable development, inherit the design ideas of many classic works in the history of afchitecture, ate an important means in improving tlie living envifonment of people when urban residential buildings in China afe graduaEy characterized by high density and high floor area ratio. Through the analysis of the origin and development of hanging gardens, author of this paper summarized three typical types of hanging gardens in higji-rise apartment buildings, analyzed advantages and factors affecting the design of hanging gardens,and concluded main design points of llie gardens. It is believed that in the process of planning, design, construction and management of tiie hanging gafdens in high-rise apartment buildings in China, demand characteristics of different use groups should be taken into account, much emphasis should be placed to service to people than, visual pursuit, and human behaviors should be combined with built environment, thereby achieving the blending of people and scenery.

新型全氟和多氟烷基化合物的分析、行为与效应研究进展

全氟化合物的污染已成为全球性的环境问题.随着全氟辛基磺酸的限制使用,全氟和多氟烷基化合物替代物的种类和数量不断增加.在大量生产和使用过程中,这些氟化物不可避免地通过直接的使用和排放或间接的转化过程进入到环境和生物体中,因而新型全氟和多氟烷基化合物的环境发现、赋存与迁移行为及潜在的生物学效应研究已成为全氟污染物研究的热点.本文对目前从环境介质中发现的新型全氟和多氟烷基化合物的种类、行为及未知全氟和多氟烷基化合物组分的鉴别方法进行了总结,并对可能的分析技术方法进行了展望.

Projects of Development of Transcontinental Transport-Economic Belts in Northern Eurasia

The role of the Trans-Siberian main railway is considered related to interaction between the West and the East of Eurasia. The stages of formation of a transport-economic belt along the Trans-Siberian main railway and its branches are distinguished. The main features of long-term development of the Trans-Siberian main railway, its new branches, and also the Russian mega project ＂Integrated Eurasian infrastructural system＂ are presented. The comparative characteristic of a zone of influence of the Trans-Siberian main railway and a New Silk Road in the People＇s Republic of China is given. General environmental issues in the development of transcontinental Eur- asian transport-economic belts are singled out. The authors believe that despite some competition to the Trans-Si- berian Main Railway in the Eurasian transport transit, realization of the New Silk Road project will bring obvious so- cio-economic and environmental benefits for participating countries through formation of the zone of the sustainable development along this transport corridor. Finally, it will undoubtedly contribute to achievement of closer economic integration and greater security in Eurasia.

试谈中小学专题学习网站的建设

利用网络为学生开发“研究性学习”课程，帮助他们建立起一个自己可控制的发现式学习环境，这就是专题学习网站。这是一种全新的数字学习模式，充分体现了信息技术与课群整合的优势，能有效培养学生的探究意识和自主学习能力。那么怎样建好这种问题学习网站呢？