霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)环境监测与生态修复效应研究进展

霍甫水丝蚓为常见的优势底栖动物,耐污力和适应性强,环境变化敏感,在环境监测和生物修复中具有重要的价值。一方面,对污染物具有生物富集能力,可作为一种指示生物表征与评价水体富营养化和污染状况;另一方面,其生物扰动显著影响沉积物-水界面的营养盐、重金属、有机污染物迁移转化,进而间接影响功能微生物和水生植物生长,显示出一定的生物修复潜力。霍甫水丝蚓环境效应总体表现为两面性,既能促进底泥物质向上覆水释放,有时又参与代谢降解固定污染物。本文综述了霍甫水丝蚓的环境监测作用、水环境生物修复作用及机制,认为利用底栖动物霍甫水丝蚓修复污染水环境有望成为一种新的途径。

CO2倍增对植物的生态生理效应

大气中CO2浓度倍增的环境学效应已经起各国科学家的关注。其中，CO2倍增的植物生态生理效应研究表明，大气中CO2倍增对作物产量品质、生长发育、形态结构、生理生化、植物环境等均产生明显影响。

Strength failure and crack coalescence behavior of sandstone containing single pre-cut fissure under coupled stress, fluid flow and changing chemical environment

In order to study the strength failure and crack coalescence characteristics of cracked rocks, uniaxial compression experiments were conducted on cylindrical sandstone specimens, sampled from Longyou Grottoes of Zhejiang Province, China, with a single pre-cut crack soaking in different chemical solutions. Based on the results of uniaxial compressive test under different chemical solutions and velocities of flow, the effect of strength and deformation characteristics and main modes of crack coalescence for cracked rocks under chemical corrosion were analyzed. The results show that the pH value and velocity of the chemical solutions both have great influence on the sandstone sample's uniaxial compressive strength and deformation characteristics. Cracked sandstone samples are tension-destructed under uniaxial compression, and the crack propagation directions are consistent with the loading direction. The phenomena of crack initiation, propagation and coalescence of sandstone are well observed. Four different crack types are identified based on the crack propagation mechanism by analyzing the ultimate failure modes of sandstone containing a single pre-cut fissure. The failure process of specimen in air is similar with the specimen under chemical solutions, however, the initial time of crack occuring in specimen under chemical solutions is generally earlier than that in the natural specimen, and the crack propagation and coalescence process of specimen under chemical solutions are longer than those of the natural specimen due to softening of structure of rock caused by hydro-chemical action. Immersion velocity of flow and chemical solutions does not have influence on the ultimate modes of crack coalescence.

A New Method of Profiling Remote-Sensing Reflectance of Coastal Waters

The profiling method is the first method to select in measuring the remote-sensing reflectance. In the light of the characteristics of China’s coastal waters, we develop a new method to compensate the environment’s effects with the downwelling (λ)rsi r radiance’s profile and to estimate the underwater remote-sensing reflectance r. (λ)rsT he result indicates that the relative deviation of repetitious r in one station is around 10 %.

Nanoprobes in biomedical detection

Environmental problems caused by the development of nanotechnology have threatened human health. Investigating the biomedical effects of nanomaterials can help to solve these environmental safety issues. In studies on the biomedical effects of nanomaterials, several types of novel nanoscale probes that allow reliable, sensitive, accurate and rapid biomedical detection have emerged. We summarize recent developments in three categories of these nanoprobes, including noble metal nanocluster probes, carbon-based nanostructured probes, and unnatural amino acid-based probes. Besides reviewing the utility of different nanoprobes in cell imaging and protein detection, we also discuss the molecular mechanism of nanoprobe detection. Perspectives of novel nanoprobe design based on molecular details of biomedical detection are presented.