我国大学生的成就归因与教育问题初探

归因理论重视社会对人的影响,认为如果忽视社会的影响,对人类行为的预测就不可能。同时,归因理论的研究已发现了个体行为的前因和原因对个体情感和行为的影响规律。这就使得从个人的归因(原因推理)预测其情感和行为,以及从人的情感和行为反推人的归因成为可能。然而,这些理论和规律是否适用于我国大学生,却是一个值得深入研究的问题。本研究的目的是初步探讨韦纳归因理论的主要内容对我国大学生成就归因和教育工作的适用性,以便为进一步的研究奠立必要的基础。

Independent and combined effects of environmental factors and miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 on the risk of coronary heart disease

Objective To evaluate the effects of environmental factors and microRNAs （miRNAs） （miR-126, miR-143, and miR-145） on the risk of coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods A frequency-matched case-control study （450 patients, 450 controls） was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016 in Fuzhou City, China. Environmental factors were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire, and the expression levels of miR-126, rniR-143, and miR-145 were determined by quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction （PCR） in pe- ripheral blood mononuclear cells. Unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical evaluation. Results Alcohol consumption, high-salt diets, high-intensity work, and lack of physical activity were significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. MiR-126, miR-143, and miR-145 were highly expressed in the CHD group compared with the control group. After adjustment for other environmental factors, unconditional logistic regression results revealed that miR-126, miR-143, and depression were the independent risk factors of CHD, and light diet was the independent protective factor of CHD. Conclusions Our data suggest that a family history of CHD, anxiety, and alcohol consumption was significantly associated with increased CHD risk, whereas light diet was significantly associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, miR-126 and miR-143 in combination with several risk factors, could play a joint role in the development of CHD. Therefore, it is necessary to manage patients with CHD in all directions and multiple level.

Damage alarming for bridge expansion joints using novelty detection technique based on long-term monitoring data

Damage alarming and safety evaluation using long-term monitoring data is an area of significant research activity for long-span bridges. In order to extend the research in this field, the damage alarming technique for bridge expansion joints based on long-term monitoring data was developed. The effects of environmental factors on the expansion joint displacement were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were obtained to describe the correlation between displacements and the dominant environmental factors. The damage alarming index was defined based on the multiple regression models. At last, the X-bar control chart was utilized to detect the abnormal change of the displacements. Analysis results reveal that temperature and traffic condition are the dominant environmental factors to influence the displacement. When the confidence level of X-bar control chart is set to be 0.003, the false-positive indications of damage can be avoided. The damage sensitivity analysis shows that the proper X-bar control chart can detect 0.1 cm damage-induced change of the expansion joint displacement. It is reasonably believed that the proposed technique is robust against false-positive indication of damage and suitable to alarm the possible future damage of the expansion joints.

藏区牧民与城市居民环境意识差异分析——以阿坝州与成都市为例

为了解城市居民与藏区牧民在环境意识方面的差异,选取阿坝州与成都市作为研究场所,通过实地观察和自填问卷收集相关资料。调查结果显示城市居民的环境意识水平明显高于藏区牧民。藏区牧民与城市居民环境意识的影响因素与机制各不相同。藏区牧民的环境意识中存在"自然崇拜"倾向,过度认为自然具有修复环境危机的能力。在对环境问题归因方面,藏区牧民倾向把问题归于个体,城市居民倾向把问题归于集体。