Not So Cooperative Caching(NSCC) considers a network comprised of selfish nodes; each is with caching capability and an objective of reducing its own access cost by fetching data from its local cache or from neighbori...Not So Cooperative Caching(NSCC) considers a network comprised of selfish nodes; each is with caching capability and an objective of reducing its own access cost by fetching data from its local cache or from neighboring caches. These nodes would cooperate in caching and share cached content if and only if they each benefit. The challenges are to determine what objects to cache at each node and to implement the system in the context of Information Centric Networking(ICN). This work includes both a solution for the NSCC problem and a design and implementation of an NSCC system in Named Data Networking(NDN), a large effort that exemplifies ICN. Our design applies NDN synchronization protocol to facilitate the information exchange among nodes, adopts group key encryption to control data access within the NSCC group, and offers an error checker to detect error events in the system. Our approach is validated by deploying the system we developed on Planet Lab.展开更多
Green accounting and their impact for reducing cost as a profession is the duty to improve the internal viewpoint of any economic unit and develop information that clarify its role within their environment and their c...Green accounting and their impact for reducing cost as a profession is the duty to improve the internal viewpoint of any economic unit and develop information that clarify its role within their environment and their contribution to providing appropriate information for decision-making which leads to the optimal exploitation of resources and the preservation of the environment and averting the threat. Thus, taking into account the environmental accounts especially environmental costs would enable the accounting profession to provide more relevant information and appropriate administrative decision makers, productivity, in particular where the problem lies in the lack of such information, resulting in the adoption of sound decisions which have contributed to the deterioration of the environment rather than addressed. In total, 180 questionnaires were distributed and 155 returned. Through analysis, the study came to the most important results that there were no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic average of the possibility of measuring the environment cost of disclosure, and the study also recommends the allocation of the budget to preserve and protect the environment and the budget of social cost, the development of accounting methods in order to provide environmental information to make sound decisions to exploit these resources.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 program of China under Grant No.2009CB320505the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60973123+1 种基金the Technology Support Program (Industry) of Jiangsu under Grant No.BE2011173Prospective Research Project on Future Networks of Jiangsu Future Networks Innovation Institute under Grant No.BY2013095-5-03
文摘Not So Cooperative Caching(NSCC) considers a network comprised of selfish nodes; each is with caching capability and an objective of reducing its own access cost by fetching data from its local cache or from neighboring caches. These nodes would cooperate in caching and share cached content if and only if they each benefit. The challenges are to determine what objects to cache at each node and to implement the system in the context of Information Centric Networking(ICN). This work includes both a solution for the NSCC problem and a design and implementation of an NSCC system in Named Data Networking(NDN), a large effort that exemplifies ICN. Our design applies NDN synchronization protocol to facilitate the information exchange among nodes, adopts group key encryption to control data access within the NSCC group, and offers an error checker to detect error events in the system. Our approach is validated by deploying the system we developed on Planet Lab.
文摘Green accounting and their impact for reducing cost as a profession is the duty to improve the internal viewpoint of any economic unit and develop information that clarify its role within their environment and their contribution to providing appropriate information for decision-making which leads to the optimal exploitation of resources and the preservation of the environment and averting the threat. Thus, taking into account the environmental accounts especially environmental costs would enable the accounting profession to provide more relevant information and appropriate administrative decision makers, productivity, in particular where the problem lies in the lack of such information, resulting in the adoption of sound decisions which have contributed to the deterioration of the environment rather than addressed. In total, 180 questionnaires were distributed and 155 returned. Through analysis, the study came to the most important results that there were no statistically significant differences between the arithmetic average of the possibility of measuring the environment cost of disclosure, and the study also recommends the allocation of the budget to preserve and protect the environment and the budget of social cost, the development of accounting methods in order to provide environmental information to make sound decisions to exploit these resources.
