琼东南盆地深水区钻井岩屑稀土元素地球化学特征及其对沉积物源和环境的指示

对琼东南盆地深水区YL19A钻井岩屑样品进行了稀土元素(REE)地球化学特征分析,旨在研究琼东南盆地深水区的沉积物源及古环境变化。钻井岩屑样品的球粒陨石标准化REE配分模式总体呈轻稀土(LREE)富集、重稀土(HREE)亏损的右倾式,但在各时代地层之间表现出一定的差异。崖城组和陵水组岩屑呈明显的Eu正异常,而梅山组、三亚组和黄流组岩屑呈Eu的弱负异常,指示了沉积环境和沉积物源上的变化。在早渐新世时期,研究区物源以来自周边凸起的火山碎屑和陆源碎屑为主,沉积环境为海陆过渡相;自渐新世晚期开始,随着琼东南盆地全区发生海侵,研究区水深逐渐加大,沉积环境由海陆过渡相变为浅海相,物源变为远源陆源物质,并具有红河与海南岛多物源混合的特征,红河沉积物对物源的贡献相对较大,基性火山物质对物源的贡献减弱。YL19A钻井岩屑的REE地球化学特征在距今30、28.5、25.5和23.8Ma等地层界面处均发生明显的突变,对区域性构造运动事件有明显的响应。

节肢动物生物指示研究综述

从生物指示的概念和首要目标,指示生物的定义、类别和功能,生物指示研究的步骤,指示生物和环境变量之间关系的可预测性及定量化,以及指示值方法,综述了节肢动物作为指示生物研究概况,列举了常见的节肢动物指示类群及其指示目标,剖析了当前生物指示研究中存在的问题,指出了在科学方法论基础上多学科合作进行多个类群生物指示研究,建立较完善的生物指示系统,服务于地区土地管理、生态建设及生物多样性保护等,将成为生物指示研究的发展趋势和主要方向。

广西蝴蝶种类多样性及其区系分析(三)

蝴蝶是对自然环境变化最敏感的物种之一,是环境变化的重要指示生物。弄清广西境内蝴蝶的种类、寄主、分布及其区系,对开展其资源保护与利用等方面具有重要意义。鉴于此,笔者基于文献分析法,统计了1983-2018年发表的以广西境内蝴蝶为研究对象的文献资料,发现广西境内分布的蝴蝶种类数达11科232属608种,其中弄蝶科的属数最多,达59属,占总属数的25.43%。而蛱蝶科的种类数最多,达150种,占总种类数的24.67%。广西境内分布的蝴蝶以东洋种占比最高,达72.37%,其次为广布种,占15.13%。建议下一步应加强蝴蝶多样性保护和利用、蝴蝶与气候/环境变化间的关系和蝴蝶生态保护区建设方面的研究。

广西蝴蝶种类多样性及其区系分析(二)

蝴蝶是对自然环境变化最敏感的物种之一,是环境变化的重要指示生物。弄清广西境内蝴蝶的种类、寄主、分布及其区系,对开展其资源保护与利用等方面具有重要意义。鉴于此,笔者基于文献分析法,统计了1983—2018年发表的以广西境内蝴蝶为研究对象的文献资料,发现广西境内分布的蝴蝶种类数达11科232属608种,其中弄蝶科的属数最多,达59属,占总属数的25.43%。而蛱蝶科的种类数最多,达150种,占总种类数的24.67%。广西境内分布的蝴蝶以东洋种占比最高,达72.37%,其次为广布种,占15.13%。建议下一步应加强蝴蝶多样性保护和利用、蝴蝶与气候、环境变化间的关系及蝴蝶生态保护区建设方面的研究。

广西蝴蝶种类多样性及其区系分析（四）

蝴蝶是对自然环境变化最敏感的物种之一,是环境变化的重要指示生物。弄清广西境内蝴蝶的种类、寄主、分布及其区系,对开展其资源保护与利用等方面具有重要意义。鉴于此,笔者基于文献分析法,统计了1983—2018年发表的以广西境内蝴蝶为研究对象的文献资料,发现广西境内分布的蝴蝶种类数达11科232属608种,其中弄蝶科的属数最多,达59属,占总属数的25.43%。而蛱蝶科的种类数最多,达150种,占总种类数的24.67%。广西境内分布的蝴蝶以东洋种占比最高,达72.37%,其次为广布种,占15.13%。建议下一步应加强蝴蝶多样性保护和利用、蝴蝶与气候/环境变化间的关系及蝴蝶生态保护区建设方面的研究。

Indication Function of Aquatic Algae for Environment

In order to better monitor N and P pollutants, heavy metals, pesticides and other organic pollutants in water areas, we researched sensitivity and tolerance of aquatic algae on water environment and effects of the pollutants on algae population, analyzing toxin and enrichment of pollutants on algae. The results indicated that aquatic alga is a better indicator for some pollutants in water, for which water contamination can be surveyed and analyzed rapidly.

Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum as a biomonitor to metal pollution

The Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum is a good biomonitor/bioindicator to marine metal pollution and is frequently used in aquatic toxicology. Two dominant pedigrees (white and zebra) of clam are distributed in the Bohai Sea; however, little attention has been paid to potential biological differences between these two pedigrees. In this study, we tested the sensitivity of both pedigrees to marine metal (cadmium and zinc) pollution biomonitoring and marine environmental toxicology. Results demonstrate significant biological differences in gills of white and zebra clams based on metabolic profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, we found that hypotaurine, malonate and homarine were relatively high in white clam gills, while alanine, arginine, glutamate, succinate, 4-aminobutyrate, taurine and betaine were high in zebra clam gills. Zebra clam gills were also more sensitive to a mixture of Cd and Zn, as shown by antioxidant enzyme activities and metabolic profiles, but white clam gills could accumulate more Zn. Therefore, we suggest that the white pedigree can be used as a biomonitor to marine Zn pollution, whereas the zebra pedigree can be used for toxicology studies on Cd and Zn mixed pollution.

The Diversity of the Environmental Impact in Kurzeme

The analysis of environmental impact effects on forest ecosystems has a theoretical and practical nature. Many methods have been developed to determine characteristics and intensity of this impact. Methodologically, they can be divided into three groups： environmental parameter, bioindicative and combined methods. To evaluate the environmental impact a combined method was used in this study, it was based on trees as the bioindicators and their response reactions, and environmental parameter analysis. In this study the bioindicator was Norway spruce （Picea abies （L.） Karst.）, whose response reaction was used to explain total impact volumes of environmental factors in different places in the region of Kurzeme and try to interpret the causes of these differences. As the bioindicators criterion was used response reaction of Norway spruce during a period of 20 years, which was expressed with cumulative and annual additional volume increment, and was depending on the location of the stand and its morphometric characteristics. The empirical material was collected in Kurzeme region in 28 sample plots that are located on two transects and in one reference stand. For the evaluation the widths of the last 40 year growth rings were measured. To express the environmental impact in Kurzeme region a multiple regression model was developed, which explains the environmental impact in the volume of 68.2%, the rest part can be explained by the local conditions of each stand. It must be noted that methodology used in this study is very sensitive, thus, each of the nuances in the dynamics of volume＇s annual reduced additional increments has biological and ecological cause.

植物次生代谢酚类物质含量与空气污染关系研究

植物次生代谢产物反映了植物对环境的响应,可以作为环境变化的指示物。针对西安不同大气环境条件,研究了常见绿化植物大叶女贞(Ligustrum lucidum)和小叶女贞(Ligustrum quihoui)叶内总酚含量与空气污染物之间的关系。结果表明,大叶女贞的总酚含量变化为10.82-45.36 mg/g,小叶女贞为24.14-95.89 mg/g,物种之间具有显著的差异,同时具有显著的线性相关性;不同大气环境的采样点之间也具有显著的差异。大叶女贞中总酚含量与SO2浓度之间达到5%的负相关,其余污染因子与总酚含量之间的关系均不显著。植物暴露于自然复合污染的环境条件下,总酚含量的升高是对复合污染的响应,与单个污染物之间的关系相对较弱。

攀枝花野生食用菌重金属含量测定与安全性评价

研究不同种类野生食用菌的重金属富集规律,对野生食用菌食品安全评估和为土壤重金属污染寻找合适的指示生物提供科学依据.采用原子吸收光谱仪测定了采集于四川攀枝花的19种野生食用菌中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr的含量.结果显示:除食用鹅膏菌和香菇中Cu含量稍低于卫生标准外,19种野生食用菌中5种重金属含量全部超标,食用不甚安全.很多蕈菌对重金属具有较强的富集能力.Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd和Cr的最高富集量分别达到47.7 mg/kg(小白蚁伞)、188.6 mg/kg(鸡枞)、21.2 mg/kg(美味牛肝)、21.8 mg/kg(大白菇)和27.2 mg/kg(白蜡伞),其中Cr和Cd的富集浓度普遍高于其他研究结果,Cu、Zn和Ni与其他文献报道一致.

Impact of the Yalong-Yellow River water transfer project on the eco-environment in Yalong River basin

The planning Yalong-River water transfer project will transfer 5.65 billion cubic meters water from the Yalong River into the Yellow River per year.The Yalong River will be dramatically impacted hydrologically and ecologically because more than 60% of the runoff will be diverted.An ecohydrological model was used to evaluate the impacts of the project on river corridor and wetland in this study.Schizothorax is a typical plateau river species and was used as the indicator species for assessment of the impact of water transfer project.The model simulated the habitat area of Schizothorax in the reach between the Reba Dam and the Ganzi Hydrology Station on the Yalong River.The Reba Dam,A'an Dam and Renda Dam will be constructed in the Yalong River for enhancing the water level for water diversion into the Yellow River.The velocity,channel width,runoff,and water depth will be reduced due to the water transfer,especially during flood season.The reduction in the velocity,channel width,runoff and water depth will occur mainly in the reach near the three dams and the reduction will be reduced to a minimum level in a distance about 100 km downstream of the dams.The maximum net water loss of Kasha Lake is only 1197200 m3,only 0.3% of runoff flowing into the lake.The project cannot bring adverse effect on the lake.The habitat area of Schizothorax in the Yalong River might be reduced if the water was transferred from the Reba Dam.The habitat area of this species will be reduced more than 40%.