The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources isone of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all thesocial improvement and economic development...The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources isone of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all thesocial improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecologicalenvironmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safetyinsurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and waterloss has been recognized as 'the No.1 killer' to the ecological environment. The nation is on thestags of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland areawith complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and waterloss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the datacollected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims toreview the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soiland water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies forsoil and water conservation in China.展开更多
Based on the screening analysis for the first time in Montenegro, water samples for the presence of emergent wereanalyzed. Results from the locality Vukovci, the lower course of the river Morale, have shown the presen...Based on the screening analysis for the first time in Montenegro, water samples for the presence of emergent wereanalyzed. Results from the locality Vukovci, the lower course of the river Morale, have shown the presence of chemical components that indicate the presence of emergent in the water. Thus identification component is associated with the presence of fiziological groups of microorganisms at the site, which with its functional and significant role in many ways reduce environmental stress.展开更多
Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited info...Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited information available regarding the study of water quality criteria in China. It is imperative to launch national-level systematic WQC studies that focus on the regional characteristics of China and provide scientific support for the enactment or revision of water quality standards and environmental management. This article reviews the concept of WQC and discusses the methodology and global progress of WQC research. The article also summarizes the key scientific issues in WQC research, including species sensitivity distribution, toxicological endpoint selection, and models selection. Furthermore, we can adopt the derivation method used in the USA and divide WQC into acute and chronic criteria. Finally, considering the current status of WQC research in China, we point out important directions for future national studies, including the selection of native species and the comprehensive use of models.展开更多
基金State Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China No.G2000018605+4 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40171063 No.40371076 The Science Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry Farming CAS
文摘The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources isone of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all thesocial improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecologicalenvironmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safetyinsurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and waterloss has been recognized as 'the No.1 killer' to the ecological environment. The nation is on thestags of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland areawith complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and waterloss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the datacollected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims toreview the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soiland water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies forsoil and water conservation in China.
文摘Based on the screening analysis for the first time in Montenegro, water samples for the presence of emergent wereanalyzed. Results from the locality Vukovci, the lower course of the river Morale, have shown the presence of chemical components that indicate the presence of emergent in the water. Thus identification component is associated with the presence of fiziological groups of microorganisms at the site, which with its functional and significant role in many ways reduce environmental stress.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2008CB418200)Environmental Public Welfare Program(Grant No. 2010009032)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0833603, 40973090)
文摘Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited information available regarding the study of water quality criteria in China. It is imperative to launch national-level systematic WQC studies that focus on the regional characteristics of China and provide scientific support for the enactment or revision of water quality standards and environmental management. This article reviews the concept of WQC and discusses the methodology and global progress of WQC research. The article also summarizes the key scientific issues in WQC research, including species sensitivity distribution, toxicological endpoint selection, and models selection. Furthermore, we can adopt the derivation method used in the USA and divide WQC into acute and chronic criteria. Finally, considering the current status of WQC research in China, we point out important directions for future national studies, including the selection of native species and the comprehensive use of models.
