论文化遗产的环境法保护

我国文化遗产的环境法保护主要包括两个层次:一是《环境保护法》对其进行原则性指引;二是特殊区域保护法对其进行具体规定。虽然现行环境法律法规针对保护文化遗产的规定数量繁多,但仍在保护对象、保护范围、保护理念、规定的实效性方面存在不足之处。建议完善现行环境法律法规,将保护对象扩大至非物质文化遗产,适时出台专门的非物质文化遗产特殊区域保护法;修改有关保护范围的规定,通过立法确定专业人员参与相关工作的合法地位;完善环境影响评价制度,将其与禁限制度相结合,加强文化遗产保护实践的可操作性。

论物流行业的环境法保护

随着当前社会的不断发展,科学技术的不断进步,物流行业已经渗透到人们生活的方方面面,在很多地方,物流产业呈现出较好的发展态势。但是,从目前社会的发展来看,很多信息技术在迅速发展,物流行业的环境保护受到了很大的影响。现如今,并不是所有的环境法保护都能满足物流行业的发展,紧跟时代的步伐,适应当前社会发展的需要。而这将成为物流行业迅速发展的瓶颈。所以,我国应加强物流行业环境法保护的制定、实施和完善,让更多的法律落实到位,从而促使物流行业的发展。现就我国物流行业的现状以及相关环境法保护的具体制定与实施进行详细的研究与分析。

试论中国公民环境权的法律保护及立法建议

公民环境权理论自产生以来便在世界上产生了深远的影响。作为一项新型的基本人权,公民环境权已为世界许多国家所接受和认可。但目前在中国,宪法、环境法、民法等部门法均没有明确确认公民环境权,造成对公民环境权的保护不力。在立法中明确确认公民环境权具有重要的理论和现实意义。应当以可持续发展理论为指导,在宪法中规定公民环境权,并在民法中具体规定公民环境权的基本内容;修改环境法,完善公民环境权的实现方式和救济途径,从而加强对公民环境权的保护力度。

Macro Impact of the Law on Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution on Power Industry Development

The newly revised and enlarged main contents of the Law of Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution are described, The macro impacts of the law on the power industry development are analyzed mainly in respects to power demand and readjustment of power structure and layout. clean production and pollution control level, scientific management of environmental protection, in accordance with law as well as changes of construction and operation costs. And finally, several questions worthy to be noted in course of implementation of the new law are enumerated.

Poverty Reduction,Environmental Protection and Ecosystem Services:A Prospective Theory for Sustainable Development

Poverty reduction and environmental protection are two global tasks for sustainable development.The study perspective has changed over time,from narrowly focusing on poverty reduction to comprehensively strengthening human-welfare.We reviewed key references targeting the theoretical content and practical approach relying on poverty,environment protection and ecosystem services.We discussed the contradicting views on the relationship of poverty and environmental degradation,and then illustrated the study progress of a cutting-age topic-ecosystem services which pave a way to address poverty reduction and environmental protection together.At last,we investigated essential factors that affect the development and environmental protection.Considering the evolution of the concept of poverty,we found that the environment has occupied an increasing proportion in the cognizance of poverty.The relationship between poverty and environmental degradation is regional uniqueness.In practical aspect,projects based on the management and valuation assessment of ecosystem services draw researchers′attention all over the world.The appropriate scale,essential economic incentives,morality,law and social equality are key factors affecting individuals′decisions which directly relate to the sustainable development.

Study on Micro Electrolysis Treatment for Decolorizing Dyed Water

Method for decolrizing dyed wastewater was researched and the affecting factors dicussed. The result shows that the conditions for getting an optimum decolorization effect are: a reaction time of 60 min, a coke size of 5～10 mm, a solid/liquid ratio of 1∶10, an air blast volume of 4 m3/h, and proper Fe/coke ratio determined by the type of dye material. The system acidity influences dyed wastewater in different ways, i.e., acid condition is good for the decolorization of scarlet 3R and methyl orange simulated wastewater but bad for that of alkali violet 5BN simulated wastewater, while the decolorization of dispersed yellow E-RGFL simulated wastewater has nothing to do with pH.

Influence factors analysis of removing heavy metals from multiple metal-contaminated soils with different extractants

Some key factors on the heavy metals removal efficiencies were studied when soil washing technology was used in the remediation of soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals. The results show that the dissolubilities of Cu and Zn are promoted by humic acids, but Pb and Cd are inhibited by humic acids; heavy metals in the clay are more difficult to be extracted than silt; the strong acidic soils can cause the protonation of EDTA and weaken its extracting ability; EDTA is effective for extracting Pb and Cd, while oxalate (OX) is effective for extracting Cu and Zn; and biosurfactant can be used as additive to improve the removal of some particular heavy metals.

Subjective annoyance caused by indoor low-level and low frequency noise and control method

The influence of low_level noise has not been widely noticed. This paper discovered that low_level and low frequency noise(A_weighted equivalent level L eq <45 dB) causes higher probability of subjective annoyance. The fuzzy mathematic principle was applied to deal with the threshold level of subjective annoyance from noise in this study; there is preferable relationship between the indoor noise and noise annoyance at low frequency noise level. Study indicated at the same centered noise level, the change of annoyance probability is mainly caused by the change of the frequency spectrum characteristic of the indoor noise. Under low noise level environment, without change of the medium_low frequency noise, the slight increase of medium_high frequency noise level with the help of noise sheltering effect can significantly reduce the noise annoyance. This discovery brings a new resolution on how to improve the environmental quality of working or living places. A noise control model is given in this study according to the acoustic analysis.

Petrochemical wastewater treatment with a pilot-scale bioaugmented biological treatment system

In solving the deterioration of biological treatment system treating petrochemical wastewater under low temperatures, bioaugmentation technology was adopted by delivering engineering bacteria into a pilot-scale two-stage anoxic-oxic (A/O) process based on previous lab-scale study. Experimental results showed that when the concentrations of COD and NH4+-N of the influent were 370~910 mg/L and 10~70 mg/L, the corresponding average concentrations of those of effluent were about 80 mg/L and 8 mg/L respectively, which was better than the Level I criteria of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). According to GC-MS analysis of the effluents from both the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the pilot system, there were 68 kinds of persistent organic pollutants in the WWTP effluent, while there were only 32 in that of the pilot system. In addition, the amount of the organics in the effluent of the pilot system reduced by almost 50% compared to that of the WWTP. As a whole, after bioaugmentation, the organic removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment system obviously in- creased.

A study of legal attributes of carbon emission rights in carbon trading

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right def inition of environmental goods in line with Coase's theory to protect Chinese prof it in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.

Groundwater protection:What can we learn from Germany?

For drinking water security the German waterworks proceed on a comprehensive concept,i.e.,the protection of all the regions from the recharge area to the client.It includes the protection of the recharge area by a precautionary management,a safe water treatment,a strict maintenance of the water distribution network,continuous control and an intensive training of staff.Groundwater protection zones together with effective regulations and control play a very important role.Three protection zones with different restrictions in land-use are distinguished.Water in reservoirs and lakes is also protected by Surface Water Protection Zones.Within the surrounding area the land-use is controlled,too.Special treatment is necessary if acidification happens caused by acid rain,or eutrophication caused by the inflow of sewage.Very important is the collaboration between waterworks and the farmers cultivating land in the recharge area in order to execute water-protecting ecological farming with the aim to reduce the application of fertilizers and plant protection agents.Probable financial losses have to be compensated by the waterworks.

Application of synthetic principal component analysis model to mine area farmland heavy metal pollution assessment

Referring to GB5618-1995 about heavy metal pollution,and using statistical analysis SPSS,the major pollutants of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution were identified by variable clustering analysis.Assessment and classification were done to the mine area farmland heavy metal pollution situation by synthetic principal components analysis (PCA).The results show that variable clustering analysis is efficient to identify the principal components of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution.Sort and clustering were done to the synthetic principal components scores of soil sample,which is given by synthetic principal components analysis.Data structure of soil heavy metal contaminations relationships and pollution level of different soil samples are discovered.The results of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution quality assessed and classified with synthetic component scores reflect the influence of both the major and compound heavy metal pol- lutants.Identification and assessment results of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution can provide reference and guide to propose control measures of mine area farmland heavy metal pollution and focus on the key treatment region.

Environmental Protection of Biodiversity in Macedonia and Albania under Legal Analysis View

Environmental problems in the Republic of Macedonia and Albania are similar in other countries in the region. Numerous problems and deficiencies identified through different projects. The studies and planning documents are evident for environmental media and areas. Such as lack of regional integrated systems for municipal solid waste management. The system for special waste types management, including hazardous waste, insufficient coverage of populated places and municipalities by wastewater collection and treatment systems （especially in agglomerations above 10,000 populations）. The need to establish integrated river basin management is in accordance with the new law on waters, air pollution with different intensity in different parts of the country. This paper presents the imperative reforms to protect the natural resources and biodiversity in the countries.

Length polymorphisms for intergenic spacer regions of 16S-23S rDNA in members of the new hydrogen-producing bacteria

A method based on PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions (ISR) was developed for the identification of species within the novel group hydrogen-producing anaerobes. The sizes of the PCR products varied from 1264 to 398 bp. Strain of isolate Rennanqilyf 3 was characterized as having products of 1262,398,638,437 and 436 bp. The isolate Rennanqilyf 1 had product of 1264 bp. The isolate Rennanqilyf 13 had products of 1261,579 and 485 bp. Of the 3 species of the novel group hydrogen-producing anaerobes examined, no one was indistinguishable. Two environmental isolates were identified as hydrogen-producing bacteria, which were new species in present taxon. Rennanqilyf 3 could not be associated with any Clostridium sp. studied. Rennanqilyf 1 could be classified into Clostridium genus. The combination between 16S rDNA equencing and length polymorphisms of IRS in 16S-23S rDNA is a better method for determining species of the hydrogen-producing bacteria.

Activated Carbon Adsorption Properties of the Residual Matters in Textile Dyeing and Printing Secondary Effluent

The research employed the adsorption isotherm measurement, the batch kinetic adsorption and the rapid small-scalecarbon column test （RSSCT） to find out the characteristics and main impacting factors of＇granular activated carbon （GAC） adsorption, in treating the textile dyeing-printing/polyester alkali de-weighting secondary effluent （TSE）. The adsorption affinities and capacities for the organics surrogated by CODCr, color and UV254 （UV absorbency-at λ= 254 nm） predicted by isotherm, small- seale-fixed bed were discussed. ＇Adsorption rates for CODCr, color and UV254 are much different and carbon particle size dependent. The color adsorption rate and capacity should be taken as the main consideration factors in designing bioactivated carbon filter（BACF）. The breakthrough of GAC adsorption column is mainly influenced by the low MW readily adsorbable organics in TSE. UV254, is a good adsorption breakthrough indicator. The study provides references for BACFs＇ design and operation control in textile secondary effluent （TSE） tertiary treatment.

Comprehensive experiment and evaluation on safety due to fully-mechanized mining under the Xitian River at Linxin Mine

L3414 mechanized mining working face (No.14 coal seam) of Lingxin Mine is under the Xitian River.The mining disturbed zone where rock properties and conditions have been changed due to mining, the safety and environmental protection were con- cemed greatly. Based on engineering geological environment of L3414 working face and mining factors, the color bore-bole TV inspecting, leakage of drilling fluid monitoring, simulation experiment, numerical computing, in-situ ground stress measurement and subsidence measurement, etal, these programs contribute to the formation of a scientific basis for control water safe mining and normal mining or environmental protection in the condition of existing fully-mechanized mining.

Enhancing Biological Wastewater Treatment with Chitosan

Chitin and chitosan have been applied to biological wastewater treatment.From a number of parallel comparison experiments,it can be concluded that the application of chitin and chitosan can both enhance the biological treatment,besides which chitosan is more efficient than chitin.The study on the enhancement mechanism reveals the difference between the two additives:chitosan improves the sludge structure and settlibility,while chitin acts as a kind of carrier for microorganism in the biological treatment system.

Restricting factors of the development of SEA in China

＂Environmental Impact Assessment Law of P. R. China＂ was promulgated on Oct. 28^th, 2002 and has been put into effect on Sep 1^th, 2003. This paper puts forward some important factors which restrict the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment according to the preliminary practices of SEA in China. These restricting factors are： （1） potential resistance from some departments; （2） poor cooperation between different departments; （3） limited availability of information resources （4） lack of well-developed SEA methods; （5） difficulties in public participation. The primary thought to solve these problems were proposed at policy and technique level.

Enhancing Phosphorous Recovery in a Novel Biofilter System

Developing new techniques to remove and recover phosphorous simultaneously from wastewaters is very important for sustainable utilization of phosphorous resource and prevention of eutrophication. The feasibility of phosphorus bioaccumulation in a novel continuous alternating anaerobic /aerobic biofilter and benefits of such accumulation for its further recovery as magnesium ammonia phosphate (MAP) were studied. The system was operated for seven months and employed the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) method to analyze the distribution change of magnesium and calcium with phosphate in the biofilter during that period. The benefits of utilizing the biofilter system to accumulate phosphorous & magnesium and suppress calcium simultaneously to phosphorous recovery as MAP were explained with the aid of chemical equilibrium models. The improved phosphorus recovery from 42% to 82% was approved in the recovery experiments and the recovery products mainly as MAP were evidenced and characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . The study provides references for designing and operating the novel alternating anaerobic /aerobic biofilter for phosphorus bioaccumulation and recovery.

Cleaner Production Assessment in Textile Industry

Cleaner Production focuses on environmental improvement with economic benefits. Based on the benefit assessment home and abroad, the assessment method and process in textile industry is discussed, including maneuverable indicator system, mathematics model. According to corresponding principles of Cleaner Production, representative problems are mentioned. With Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Mathematics, some enterprise is collected to attain the economic, environmental and social benefit of Cleaner Production. The results show that Cleaner Production improves utilization efficiency of resources, energy sources even waste, and creates conditions of Sustainable Development in textile industry.