影响甘蔗对干旱反应差异的环境生物因素探讨

根据甘蔗秋季干旱指标,对2007年来宾市兴宾区降水量进行统计分析,确定了2007年秋旱程度,并对此干旱程度下甘蔗受害情况进行调查与分析,认为作物种植地段地形、土壤质地、肥力状况、甘蔗品种、甘蔗所处的发育期等环境生物因素是影响甘蔗受害程度差异的主要原因,并提出通过采取农业、生物技术措施减轻旱灾对甘蔗影响的技术建议。

试论生物与环境因素对基层肉牛生产技术效率的影

肉牛的生产性能指标为生长发育性能、育肥性能以及朋体性能,决定了肉牛的养殖成本以及养殖效益,因此,该文重点探讨生物与环境因素对肉牛生产技术效率的影响,详细总结了性别、年龄、品种、体型、营养水平、温度、湿度、光照、通风、环境卫生等影响因素,并提出了严格筛选肉牛品种、改善饲料营养结构、采取科学养殖策略、做好疫病防控工作等提升生产技术效率的具体策略,以期为基层养殖场的良性发展提供有效参考。

早产儿语言发展的影响因素及其干预对策

早产儿的语言发展受到多种因素的影响,可能导致他们在词汇、语法、语音等方面出现发展滞后或障碍。本文首先简述了影响早产儿语言发展的生物学和环境因素的研究进展,其中生物学因素包括早产程度、体重和性别、新生儿发病率和疾病严重程度等,环境因素则包括新生儿重症监护室的环境、家庭中的语言环境和社会因素等。在明确这些影响因素的基础上,本文强调了早期评估和早期干预是优化早产儿语言发育效果的关键步骤,并分析了具体的干预对策,例如生理和神经干预、优化新生儿重症监护室(NICU)环境、增强家庭语言互动、多学科合作和社会支持等。此综述旨在探讨影响早产儿语言发展的各种因素,并总结出有效的早期干预措施,为其提供更为全面的语言发展支持。

东北雨养玉米田碳交换年际变化及影响因素

在气候变化背景下,农田净生态系统生产力变化趋势和影响因素不确定性大,为有效评估农田生态系统的固碳潜力,利用2005-2020年东北雨养春玉米田涡动相关数据分析该区域碳通量年际变化趋势及其气象、土壤和生物影响因素。结果表明:东北雨养春玉米田净生态系统生产力为272±109g·m^(-2)·a^(-1),且无显著变化趋势;与生态系统呼吸相比,净生态系统生产力年际变化主要受总生态系统生产力影响。气象因素的降水量和生物因素的作物水分利用效率是净生态系统生产力年际变化的主要影响因素,影响权重分别为28.4%和31.4%;气象、土壤和生物因素对总生态系统生产力年际变化的影响权重分别为61.0%,43.8%和62.8%;土壤因素和生物因素是生态系统呼吸年际变化的主要影响因素,且土壤因素对生态系统呼吸年际变化的影响权重(39.3%)大于生物因素(29.2%)。在气候变暖背景下,东北雨养春玉米田对水分更为敏感,同时日照和温度通过影响饱和水汽压差和土壤湿度间接影响净生态系统生产力的年际变化。

企业生态系统模型及非生物环境因素分析

本文以“企业是一个生命体”为前提,借助生态学思想,构建企业生态系统模型。通过与自然生态系统类比,提出了企业生态系统的两大组成成分及其主要物种、系统的网络结构及相应的功能、系统的形成过程和稳定性等观点,重点分析了企业生态系统非生物环境的变化和影响及企业个体的应对策略。

Construction and application of an assessment index system for evalu ating the eco-community’s sustainability

An assessment index system including environment, socio-culture, economy and technology was established for evaluating environmental construction level of community （objective construction）, and questionnaire was designed according to paper review for evaluating residential satisfaction （subjective satisfaction）. The index system was divided into four layers： system （A）, subsystems （B）, categories （C）, and indicators （D）, and in total of 38 indicators was established. The Xihe community, affiliated to Nanfen district, Benxi City, Liaoning Province, China was selected as a case study. Results indicated that the community sustainability index related to objective environmental construction was 0.4355 and was classified as class Ⅲ （moderate）; the community sustainability index related to the residential satisfaction was 0.4255, belonging to class Ⅲ. In conclusion, the sustainability of Xihe community was moderate and needed to be improved. Residential satisfaction was lower than objective environmental construction. The assessment index system established in this study is able to reflect the comprehensive sustainability of community and can be used to evaluate other similar communities＇ sustainability.

COMBINED EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, IRRADIANCE AND SALINITY ON GROWTH OF DIATOM SKELETONEMA COSTATUM

factor experiment was used to study the combined effects of temperature, irradiance and salinity on the growth of an HAB species diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve. The results showed that temperature (12, 19, 25, 32℃), irradiance ((0.02, 0.08, 0.3, 1.6)×10 16 quanta/(s·cm 2)) and salinity (10, 18, 25, 30, 35) significantly influenced the growth of this species. There were interactive effects between any two of and among all three physical factors on the growth. In the experiment, the most optimal growth condition for S. costatum was temparature of 25℃, salinity of 18-35 and irradiance of 1.6×10 16 quanta/(s·cm 2). The results indicated S. costatum could divide at higher rate and were more likely to bloom under high temperature and high illumination from spring to fall. It was able to distribute widely in ocean and estuary due to its adaptation to a wide range of salinities.

Temporal population dynamics of dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in a semi-enclosed mariculture pond and its relationship to environmental factors and protozoan grazers

The ecological processes and interrelationships between protists,either autotrophic or heterotrophic,and environmental factors in mariculture ponds are largely unknown.This study investigated the temporal dynamics of potentially harmful dinoflagellate,Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller,and its relationship to physico-chemical factors and protozoan grazers over a complete cycle in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond near Qingdao,Northern China.P.minimum occurred frequently in low numbers from June to August,followed by a sharp increase from the middle of August,reaching a single maximum peak value of 2.2×105 cells L-1 in October.Temporal variation in abundance was positively correlated with dissolved nitrogen,but showed a significant inverse relationship to abundance of the dominant ciliates,Tintinnopsis lohmanni and Askenasia stellaris.The results provide statistical evidence that the number of P.minimum increased with increasing nitrogen,and the suppression or shortening of algal bloom may be associated with protozoan grazers,such as Tintinnopsis lohmanni,in mariculture ponds.

Relationship between environmental factors and plankton in the Bayuquan Port, Liaodong Bay,China：a five-year study

To understand the relationship between the plankton community and environmental factor and water quality in the Bayuquan Port of Liaodong Bay, China, and investigations were carried ou during six dif ferent periods(April 2009, April 2010, October 2011, April 2012, October 2012, and Apri 2013). This area was characterized by high levels of nutrient and suspended solids(SPS) during surve periods, and eutrophication led to the occurrence of red tides in April and October 2012 and April 2013 Our analyses revealed that the plankton communities of Bayuquan Port lacked stability and were af fecte seriously by external disturbance(e.g., oceanographic engineering and river runof f). Our data indicate tha oil, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), SPS, and chlorophyll a(Chl- a) were key factors that regulated th phytoplankton and zooplankton communities. The partial redundancy analysis(partial RDA) suggested tha oil and SPS were the most important environmental variables af fecting the phytoplankton community i April 2010 and 2012, whereas DIN concentration played a governing role in zooplankton dynamics. Oi and Chl-a concentrations af fected signifi cantly the zooplankton community in October 2012. Therefore, th plankton communities could refl ect both dynamic changes in coastal environmental factors and the ongoin eutrophication process caused by anthropogenic activities in this area.

The Characteristic Patterns of Macrofaunal Fouling Assemblages in Nearshore Waters of the South China Sea

The spatio-temporal patterns of macrofaunal fouling assemblages were quantitatively investigated in the nearshore waters of the South China Sea.The work was undertaken by deploying seasonal panels at two sites(H-site,L-site) for one year,and the fouling communities on the panels were examined and analyzed.The results indicated that species composition of assemblages was obviously different between the two sites.At both sites the assemblages were characteristic with solitary dominant species throughout the year,with Amphibalanus reticulates dominating at H-site and Hydroides elegans at L-site.Shannon index and biomass of the assemblages varied with depth and season at both sites.At H-site the total biomass in summer and autumn were significantly higher than those in spring and winter,while at L-site the assemblage biomass also differed significantly among the four seasons,and the greatest biomass occurred at the depth of 2.0 m in winter.The abundance of all seasonal samples in non-metric multidimensional scaling was clustered as one group at L-site and three groups at H-site.The environmental factors were more likely to be related to the variation of fouling assemblages.Furthermore,it also suggests that in tropical seas the integrated adaptability would qualify a species for dominating a fouling assemblage despite its short life cycle,rather than the usually assumed only species with long life span.This study reveals the complexity and characteristic dynamics of macrofaunal fouling assemblages in the tropical habitats,and the results would provide valuable knowledge for biodiversity and antifouling research.

Taxonomic Distinctness of Macrofauna as an Ecological Indicator in Laizhou Bay and Adjacent Waters

In this paper, we assessed the ecological and biodiversity status in the Bohai Sea through a quantitative survey on mac-rofaunal community at 25 stations in Laizhou Bay and adjacent waters in the autumn of 2006.We tested the robustness and effectiveness of taxonomic distinctness as an ecological indictor by analyzing its correlation with species richness and natural environmental variables and by analyzing other ecological indicators (Shannon-Wiener H' and W statistics from Abundance Biomass Comparison curve).Results so obtained indicated that the benthic environment of the study waters in general is not under major impact of anthropogenic disturbance, but some stations in Laizhou Bay and along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula and even in the central Bohai Sea might be moderately disturbed and showed signs of ecological degradation.The taxonomic distinctness measures △+ and Λ+ were independent of sampling effort and natural environment factors and were compliant to other ecological indicators.Further application of the taxonomic distinctness indicator to assess marine biodiversity and ecosystem health on a larger regional scale with historical data seems promising.

Seasonal variation of plankton communities influenced by environmental factors in an artificial lake

We evaluated the seasonal variation in plankton community composition in an artificial lake. We conducted microscopic analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNAand 18S rRNAgenes to characterize the plankton community. The clustering of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) was then used to investigate the similarity of these plankton communities. DGGE fingerprinting revealed that samples collected at the different sites within a season shared high similarity and were generally grouped together. In contrast, we did not observe any seasonal variation based on microscopic analysis. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of the plankton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in relation to environmental factors revealed that transparency was negatively correlated with the first axis (R=-0.931), and temperature and total phosphorus (TP) were positively correlated with the first axis (R=0.736 and R=0.660, respectively). In conclusion, plankton communities in the artificial lake exhibited significant seasonal variation. Transparency, phosphorus and temperature appear to be the major factors driving the differences in plankton composition.

A Functional-Structural Model of Rice Seedling Coupled with Nitrogen Metabolism

With the ability of representing the association and inner-feedback between plant morphological structure and physiological functions, functional-structural plant modeling （FSPM） approach has been used in many works, trying to better understand the mechanisms of integrating plant functions and its structure, and their communication with environmental factors. To do so, an FSPM of rice seedling was developed in this study, including structural morphogenetic model, photosynthetic model and biomass partitioning module. It can thus describe the developmental course of the rice structure dynamically based on the processes of biomass producing and partitioning. Furthermore, the processes of nitrogen metabolism, which influence the N content and growth dynamics of the virtual rice, were also considered. The model was developed with L-system on a platform established with Java programming language, which took over the parsing and visualization of the L-system strings to 3D objects using Java 3D extended library. The physiological processes in the model can be modified and further improved to gradually meet the needs for modeling the whole life cycle of rice, e.g., considering the respiration, and interaction with other environmental factors like CO2, temperature, etc.. The model was developed to provide a platform to systematically study and understand how plant systems like rice seedling work. The model and the virtualization platform can be expanded to provide decision support on N fertilizer application for the rice seedling and the other crops.

Sap Flow of Abies georgei var. smithii and Its Relationship with the Environment Factors in the Tibetan Subalpine Region, China

Abies georgei var. smithii is a dominant species playing an important role in protecting biodiversity and sustaining the forestry ecosystems in Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Stem sap flows of five different diameters at the breast height(DBH) A. georgei var. smithii samples were monitored continuously with the thermal dissipation probe for the entire growing period in order to understand the water transportation mechanism and the effects of environmental factors on its transpiration and growth. Relative environment factors, temperature and humidity of air, photosynthetically active radiation, rainfall, and wind speed, soil moisture, etc. were measured by the automatic weather stations. Diurnal and seasonal variations in sap flow rate with the different stem diameters and their correlations with meteorological factors were analyzed. The diurnal change in sap flow velocity showed a single-peak curve at the daily time scale, whereas a lower sap flow velocity can be observed in the largest DBH sample tree at night. The maximum average velocity was observed in August, whereas the minimum velocity was observed in January, and a large amount of water evaporated in summer owing to the higher sap flow velocity. In addition, sap flow velocity was closely related to changes in the micrometeorological factors, with average sap flow velocity showing significant linear correlations with air temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, rainfall, and vapor pressure deficit of air and soil moisture. Therefore, some measures, improving the light and temperature conditions, should be taken for protecting A. georgei var. smithii population in the Tibetan Plateau.

Withdrawing from Agrarian Livelihoods: Environmental Migration in Nepal

Although about two-thirds of Nepalese families depend on agriculture as their major source of income, the agriculture is mostly rain-fed and it has been adversely affected by water hazards and the subsequent degradation of resources. Based on case studies from three different geographical regions in Nepal, this research examines how environmental factors cause decreasing crop production and push people to abandon agriculture and accept emigration for employment. The research findings suggest a chain of push factors starting from drought or erratic rainfall causing water hazards, which impacts on depletion of crops and livestock, losses in income and employment and increased human mobility and emigration. The paper argues that the Government of Nepal and development partners can be more effective in enabling agrarian families to cope with the water hazards and shocks by formulating pro-poor mitigation and adaptation policies and strategies,focusing both on ‘rapid-onset' and ‘slow-onset' water hazards.

Research of Influence of Aniline on the Growth of Ocean Algae

This article discusses the interaction of aniline and ocean algae based on the standard appraisal method of chemical medicine for algae toxicity. It is showed by experimental results that aniline has pretty toxic effects on algae. Suspended substances in water can offset some effects of aniline. It also discusses the dynamic constant of first order degradation reaction rate of algae on aniline from the point of view of chemical dynamics.

The ecosystem of Lake Kenon:past and present(Transbaikal Territory,Russia)

Present-day conditions of the Lake Kenon ecosystem are determined by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. We have estimated the effects of a complex of factors on the condition of the abiotic environment and on specific biological components in the lake ecosystem. Change in biogenic load has caused an increase in the role of phytoplankton in the general balance of organic matter during the high-water period. Charophytes are the main dominants of bottom vegetation. Anthropogenic load has caused a decrease in both fish species and fish capacity. The lake application as a water reservoir-cooler has influenced the average annual water mineralization （from 420 mg/L to 530.0 mg/L with a maximum 654 mg/L in 1993） and fluctuations in its hydrochemical composition. The present composition of the lake is sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodic-magnesium in character. S（Y44 content is twice as much as the maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters. Water drainage from an ash disposal area to the lake has caused an increase in chemical-element concentrations including the heavy metals. Hg concentration in Perca fluviatilis muscles is 0.5 9g/g dry wt. Thus, understanding directions in the ecosystem of the water reservoir-cooler under changing hydrological conditions will let us forecast the consequences of new combined heat and power plant operation.

Colloid's influences on microalgae growth as a potential environmental factor

The role of colloid as “colloid pump” in the ocean is well known. The important influence of colloid in seawater on the growth of microalga was found in our 1999—2000 study. Colloid concentrates were obtained by employing a cross flow filtration system to ultrafilter seawater (which had been pre filtrated by 0.45 μm acetate cellulose membrane) successively with different membranes. Ultrafiltration retentions (we called them colloid concentrates) together with control sample (seawater without colloid) were then inoculated with two species of microalgae and cultivated in selected conditions. Monitoring of microalgae growth during cultivation showed that all colloid concentrates had obvious influence on the growth of the microalgae studied. Addition of Fe(OH) 3 colloid or organic colloid (protein or carbohydrate) to the control sample enhanced the microalgae’s growth.

Effects of 6-Month Weight Loss New Program on Anthropometric Measurements and Biological Profile

Obesity has become a leading global health problem owing to its strong association with a high incidence of diseases. Obesity is results from the complex interaction of environmental factors that act on a genetic background and led to excess accumulated of body fat. Treatment of obesity includes determination of the degree of obesity, management weight loss programme and maintenance of body weight. To investigate effect 6 months safe weight loss program on anthropometric measurements and biological and metabolic profiles in obese patients. 35 obese patients were enrolled in the present study： 20 female, 15 male. Participants underwent a comprehensive series of biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, and nutritional prior to treatment- at baseline and after the six-month of the obesity treatment program. 6 months weight loss program. Diet plan intervention in small groups. In-person training and individual diet plan intervention. There is significant reduction in weight and high improvement in laboratory parameters. Our data showed that there an improvement in weight loss. These finding may be important for controlling obesity-related co-morbidities. It would appear that moderate weight loss of 8-10 % observed in our study resulted in significant improvements in laboratory parameters

古田山亚热带常绿阔叶林粗根生物量分布特征

森林粗根分布和生物量的研究是生态学研究的热点与难点,传统破坏性取样方法费时、费力,而且只能获得有限的调查样本,限制了我们对森林生态系统的整体描述与森林碳储量的准确估算.此外,土壤、地形、树种丰富度、树木密度、优势种多度等环境和生物因素对粗根碳存储能力影响的研究也很少,内部机制未知.本文应用探地雷达技术对浙江古田山24 hm2大样地粗根（直径〉1.5 cm）分布和生物量进行了测定.研究发现：（ⅰ）15个10 m×10 m样方,土壤深度60 cm的探地雷达扫描范围内,粗根生物量平均为1105.38 g m-2,3个生境、5个海拔梯度之间粗根生物量差异显著（P〈0.05）;20~40 cm土层粗根生物量占0~60 cm粗根生物量的71.58%.（ⅱ）40~60 cm深层土壤全磷、氮矿化速率与粗根生物量线性回归关系显著（P〈0.01）,0~60 cm土层全碳、氮矿化速率与粗根生物量线性回归关系显著（P〈0.01）;地形因子对粗根生物量的影响不显著（P〉0.05）.（ⅲ）随树种丰富度、稀疏丰富度的增加,40~60 cm深层土壤粗根生物量显著降低,解释量分别为53.2%和29.2%,树种丰富度、稀疏丰富度比优势树种个体数更能反映树木粗根的碳存储能力.同时,我们发现古田山自然保护区24 hm2监测样地内,环境资源供应的差异可能导致了生境内树种丰富度的不同,树种丰富度及树种稀疏丰富度的变化显著影响了粗根生物量的大小.因此,从粗根较大空间尺度及非破坏性研究的角度出发,探地雷达对粗根生物量分布的研究具有很大潜力.