It was in 1995 that, at the end of the international project IEEY （International Equatorial Electrojet Year）, African and European scientists decided to create the IRGGEA （International Group in Geophysics Europe A...It was in 1995 that, at the end of the international project IEEY （International Equatorial Electrojet Year）, African and European scientists decided to create the IRGGEA （International Group in Geophysics Europe Africa） in order to pursue the scientific work started during the IEEY project, The main objective of IRGGEA was to introduce new fields of research in Africa and built teams of African scientists recognized at an international level in these new fields. To reach this goal, we developed days after days methods to manage smoothly a large network of scientists from developed and developing countries. After a short introduction on the field of research developed in the IRGGEA, we present the organization of the work based on sharing practices and the results obtained in terms of scientific publications and socio-cultural aspects as the increase of the number of women and positions for students in their countries. Such an experience is easy to reproduce.展开更多
In order to fulfil the microgravity requirements for space experiments, improved technology for the microgravity environment is proposed, including that for raising the orbital altitude, optimizing the layout of the d...In order to fulfil the microgravity requirements for space experiments, improved technology for the microgravity environment is proposed, including that for raising the orbital altitude, optimizing the layout of the disturbance source, using IN-thrusters instead of 5 N-thrusters, etc. In addition, evaluation of the microgravity environment of the recoverable satellite was also conducted using on-orbit micro-vibration measurement, on-orbit experiment and data analysis technologies. The microgravity level of the SJ-l0 recoverable satellite in China is compared with the spacecraft used for carrying out space science experiments internationally. This paper describes the microgravity environment of the SJ- 10 recoverable satellite, and its importance for analysing space experimental results.展开更多
Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited info...Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited information available regarding the study of water quality criteria in China. It is imperative to launch national-level systematic WQC studies that focus on the regional characteristics of China and provide scientific support for the enactment or revision of water quality standards and environmental management. This article reviews the concept of WQC and discusses the methodology and global progress of WQC research. The article also summarizes the key scientific issues in WQC research, including species sensitivity distribution, toxicological endpoint selection, and models selection. Furthermore, we can adopt the derivation method used in the USA and divide WQC into acute and chronic criteria. Finally, considering the current status of WQC research in China, we point out important directions for future national studies, including the selection of native species and the comprehensive use of models.展开更多
文摘It was in 1995 that, at the end of the international project IEEY （International Equatorial Electrojet Year）, African and European scientists decided to create the IRGGEA （International Group in Geophysics Europe Africa） in order to pursue the scientific work started during the IEEY project, The main objective of IRGGEA was to introduce new fields of research in Africa and built teams of African scientists recognized at an international level in these new fields. To reach this goal, we developed days after days methods to manage smoothly a large network of scientists from developed and developing countries. After a short introduction on the field of research developed in the IRGGEA, we present the organization of the work based on sharing practices and the results obtained in terms of scientific publications and socio-cultural aspects as the increase of the number of women and positions for students in their countries. Such an experience is easy to reproduce.
文摘In order to fulfil the microgravity requirements for space experiments, improved technology for the microgravity environment is proposed, including that for raising the orbital altitude, optimizing the layout of the disturbance source, using IN-thrusters instead of 5 N-thrusters, etc. In addition, evaluation of the microgravity environment of the recoverable satellite was also conducted using on-orbit micro-vibration measurement, on-orbit experiment and data analysis technologies. The microgravity level of the SJ-l0 recoverable satellite in China is compared with the spacecraft used for carrying out space science experiments internationally. This paper describes the microgravity environment of the SJ- 10 recoverable satellite, and its importance for analysing space experimental results.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2008CB418200)Environmental Public Welfare Program(Grant No. 2010009032)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0833603, 40973090)
文摘Water quality criteria (WQC) are threshold limits for pollutants or other hazard factors in the ambient water environment, which are based on scientific experiments and extrapolations. Until now, there is limited information available regarding the study of water quality criteria in China. It is imperative to launch national-level systematic WQC studies that focus on the regional characteristics of China and provide scientific support for the enactment or revision of water quality standards and environmental management. This article reviews the concept of WQC and discusses the methodology and global progress of WQC research. The article also summarizes the key scientific issues in WQC research, including species sensitivity distribution, toxicological endpoint selection, and models selection. Furthermore, we can adopt the derivation method used in the USA and divide WQC into acute and chronic criteria. Finally, considering the current status of WQC research in China, we point out important directions for future national studies, including the selection of native species and the comprehensive use of models.
