改性TiO_2基光催化剂降解环境药物研究进展

TiO_2光催化性能优异,其光生e^-与h^+能促进TiO_2表面强氧化性·HO的产生来氧化降解有机物。纯TiO_2中e^-与h^+易复合,需改性提高实用性,基于此从不同改性手段综述了TiO_2在各种药物降解中的应用。

药物释放环境对层状复合氢氧化物载体的影响

以层状复合氢氧化物(LDH)为载体用离子交换法制取乙酰苯甲酸(ASP)的插层复合物LDH-ASP,通过体外释放实验和固相XRD、FT-IR、TEM、TG-DSC及BET-N2比表面积表征,研究了药物释放环境对载体结构的影响.结果表明释放环境pH为4.30-6.89时,载体的层状特征减弱但晶体类型不变;pH为2.48-4.30时,H2PO4-对LDH的嫁接反应引起层状化合物向复杂磷酸盐转化;随环境pH由6.89降低至2.48,载体纯度下降,晶态性征减弱,微孔吸附活性降低.

天津地区环境持久性药物污染物残留水平调查

针对环境持久性药物污染物(EPPPs)的污染问题,采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱/串联质谱法,调查分析了22种环境持久性药物污染物在天津地区水体和沉积物中的残留水平和分布特征。结果显示,水源地水样中有19种EPPPs的检出率为100%,质量浓度范围为0.21~0.69μg·L^-1,平均值为0.43μg·L^-1。地表水样中,除吉他霉素检出率为80%外,其余21种EPPPs的检出率均为100%,质量浓度范围为0.52~3.88μg·L^-1,平均值为1.60μg·L^-1。沉积物样中共检出11种EPPPs,检出率为100%,含量范围为0.04~1.10μg·kg^-1,平均值为0.52μg·kg^-1。其中蓟县于桥水库、蓟运河滨海新区段水样和独流减河滨海新区段沉积物样中检出的EPPPs残留水平较高,水体中环丙沙星、诺氟沙星与菲诺洛芬检出浓度较高,沉积物中则为吲哚美辛、水杨酸及氟苯尼考。对比国内外其他地区,天津地区水环境中EPPPs残留处于较高水平。

药物环境下生物多样性调查研究

生物的多样性对地球生态有着重要的意义,但农业生产中大量药物的使用破坏了生物的多样性。通过对两个地区不同的农业生产方式进行比较,得出药物环境下生物多样性的分布情况,最后提出了保护生物多样性的具体措施。

A Prognostic Model Based on Colony Stimulating Factors-related Genes in Triple-negative Breast Cancer

Objective Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the breast cancer subtype with the worst prognosis,and lacks effective therapeutic targets.Colony stimulating factors(CSFs)are cytokines that can regulate the production of blood cells and stimulate the growth and development of immune cells,playing an important role in the malignant progression of TNBC.This article aims to construct a novel prognostic model based on the expression of colony stimulating factors-related genes(CRGs),and analyze the sensitivity of TNBC patients to immunotherapy and drug therapy.Methods We downloaded CRGs from public databases and screened for differentially expressed CRGs between normal and TNBC tissues in the TCGA-BRCA database.Through LASSO Cox regression analysis,we constructed a prognostic model and stratified TNBC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the colony stimulating factors-related genes risk score(CRRS).We further analyzed the correlation between CRRS and patient prognosis,clinical features,tumor microenvironment(TME)in both high-risk and low-risk groups,and evaluated the relationship between CRRS and sensitivity to immunotherapy and drug therapy.Results We identified 842 differentially expressed CRGs in breast cancer tissues of TNBC patients and selected 13 CRGs for constructing the prognostic model.Kaplan-Meier survival curves,time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves,and other analyses confirmed that TNBC patients with high CRRS had shorter overall survival,and the predictive ability of CRRS prognostic model was further validated using the GEO dataset.Nomogram combining clinical features confirmed that CRRS was an independent factor for the prognosis of TNBC patients.Moreover,patients in the high-risk group had lower levels of immune infiltration in the TME and were sensitive to chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-fluorouracil,ipatasertib,and paclitaxel.Conclusion We have developed a CRRS-based prognostic model composed of 13 differentially expressed CRGs,which may serve as a useful tool for predicting the prognosis of TNBC patients and guiding clinical treatment.Moreover,the key genes within this model may represent potential molecular targets for future therapies of TNBC.

Influence of pH Environment on Nasal Absorption of Meptazinol Hydrochloride

Aim To investigate the relationship between pH environment of meptazinolhydrochloride (MEP) and its nasal absorption. Methods In situ nasal peifusion was performed to studythe effect of pH environment on the nasal absorption. Its effect on the transport from nose tobrain was further researched by in vivo experiment. Results In in situ perfusion experiment, thenasal absorption of MEP in basic environment was significantly higher than that in acid condition,but the difference was not observed in in vivo experiment. Conclusion The pH environment ofmeptazinol hydrocloride in formulation cannot be regarded as an important factor influencing nasalabsorption and transport from nose to brain.

精细化管理模式对静脉用药调配中心药物调配环境、成品输液质量及差错发生率的影响

目的探讨精细化管理模式对静脉用药调配中心(PIVAS)药物调配环境、成品输液质量及差错发生率的影响。方法选择2018年11月至2019年4月作为对照时间段, 选择2019年5~10月作为观察时间段。对照时间段内PIVAS采用常规管理, 观察时间段内PIVAS采用精细化管理模式管理。比较两个时间内PIVAS药物调配环境、成品输液质量及差错的发生情况。结果观察时间段内出现胶塞碎屑、玻璃碎屑、药物微粒等调配环境污染的比例明显低于对照时间段, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察时间段内发生穿刺点发红、静脉炎、堵管、外渗等明显少于对照时间段, 观察时间段内发生审方、贴签核对、摆药、调配、停医嘱退药及成品输液发放差错少于对照时间段, 总差错发生率低于对照时间段, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察时间段实施后基础护理、专科护理、责任管理得分均高于实施前, 差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05), 且均高于对照时间段, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论精细化管理模式明显改善了PIVAS药物调配环境, 降低了差错发生率, 提高了成品输液质量, 同时提高了护理人员的业务水平。

Role of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α in Formation of Muttidrug Resistance Induced by Microenvironment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective： To explore the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in formation of multidrug resistance （MDR） induced by microenvironment and to find a new and effective molecular target on preventing and reversing chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods： In HepG2 cells exposed to hypoxia, low glucose or transfected by plasmid pcDNA3/HBX, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and protein was respectively detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Westernblot technique and its expression localization was investigated by immunocytochemical technique. Plasmid pcDNA3/HIF-1α was transfected into HepG2 cells and then the expression of multidrug resistance related genes mdrl, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 （MRP1） and lung resistance protein （LRP） in transfected cells was determined by the same methods. Results： In HepG2 cells respectively exposed to hypoxia, low glucose or transfected by plasmid pcDNA3/HBX, HIF-1α was overexpressed at mRNA and protein levels to varying degrees and translocated into nucleus. The gene expression levels of mdrl, MRP1 and LRP in HepG2 cells transfected by plasmid pcDNA3/HIF-1α were respectively increased by 2.4±0.2, 2.2±0.3 and 2.3±0.4 folds as compared with those in non-transfected HepG2 cells （all P〈0.01） and similar changes were observed in protein level. Conclusion： Microenvironmental factors around HCC could modulate the transcription of the MDR related genes by nuclear transcript factor HIF-1α, thereby conferred MDR of HCC. Up-regulation of HIF-1α expression could hold a central position in the formation of MDR of HCC induced by microenvironment. HIF-1α probably becomes a new and effective molecular target on preventing and reversing MDR in HCC.

环境持久性药物在江苏省地表水中的污染水平、分布特征及生态风险评估

江苏省作为我国的经济大省,对其进行环境持久性药物污染物(EPPPs)的污染特征与生态风险评估研究很有必要.本研究以江苏省1~4级河流和面积≥50 km^(2)的湖泊为研究目标,对EPPPs的污染现状进行检测和分析.结果表明,江苏省地表水中共检出35种EPPPs,浓度范围为66.74~2189.83 ng·L^(-1);该研究主要对检出率大于25%的17种EPPPs进行了探讨,其浓度水平为72.48~1142.79 ng·L^(-1),浓度均值为345.20 ng·L^(-1).EPPPs总浓度水平苏北和苏南浓度水平高于苏中地区.其中扬州市EPPPs浓度全省最高,可能主要污染来源为生活污水、航运污水排放及渔业养殖中的药物使用.EPPPs总浓度整体以京杭运河、废黄河为中线向两侧递减.对17种EPPPs的生态风险评估表明,单一目标药物对江苏省水生态风险较小;采用简单叠加模型计算出的联合毒性风险商范围为0.03~0.52,联合毒性对水生生物表现为低至中等风险.

Importance of nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） results from the interaction between an individual＇s immune response and precipitant environmental factors, which generatean anomalous chronic inflammatory response in thosewho are genetically predisposed. Various feeding practices have been implicated in the origin of IBD based on epidemiological observations in developed countries, but we do not have solid evidence for the etiological role played by specific food types. IBD is associated with frequent nutritional deficiencies, thepattern and severity of which depends on the extent,duration and activity of the inflammation. Nutritional support allows these deficiencies in calories, macro and micronutrients to be rectified. Enteral nutrition is also aprimary therapy for IBD, especially for Crohn＇s disease,as it allows the inflammatory activity to be controlled,kept in remission, and Drevents or delays the need forsurgery. Nutritional support is especially important in childhood IBD as an alternative to pharmacological treatment. This report discusses the complex relationship between diet and IBD.

Relationship between alkaloid contents and growth environment of Yimu Cao (Herba Leonuri)

Objective: To study the relationship between alkaloids contents in Chinese traditional drug Yimu Cao (the dried aerial parts of Leonurus artemisia) and its growing environment. Methods: Samples of the drug and the soil at the growing site collected from 5 selected regions. Reference materials were checked and on-the-spot observations were carried out to investigate the growth environment. RP-HPLC was performed to determine the alkaloid contents in the drug. Results: Different regions had different environmental conditions, including climate, soil, vegetation, and so on. No matter barren or fertile the soil at the growing site was, the herb of L. artemisia could grow well, but the contents of alkaloid in the drug varied greatly. The drugs produced in 2 northern regions, where the soil is alkaline, had higher content of alkaloid (about 0.4%) than that produced in southern regions (0.1l%-0.2%), where the soil is acid. Conclusion: The contents of organic matters, effective phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, and the pH value of the growing site soil were the factors correlating with alkaloid contents in the drug, among which the pH value of soil was an important positively correlating factor. The alkaline soils in North benefit the accumulation of alkaloids more than the acid soils in South. The other probable elements affecting the alkaloid contents in Yimu Cao were climate and genetic factors.

Research on Polymer Materials in Bio Medical and Its Application

Intelligent hydrogels is as drug carrier, and it has a good application prospect. There are some changes factors in the human environment, such as temperature, pH. Therefore, the temperature sensitive hydrogels and pH sensitive hydrogels can release system for drugs in the body. So the paper detailed descript a novel MWCNTs good dispersion of PMAA/MWCNTs nano hybrid hydrogels. The introduction of MWCNTs significantly increased the hydrogel pH response and mechanical strength, and depends on the MWCNTs component ratio, particle size and concentration of cross-linking agent. The study found, swelling rate of hybrid hydrogels was faster than the pure PMAA hydrogel, and the swelling behavior were explained. The compression stress-strain experiments should be found, MWCNTs load transfer plays an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the hybrid hydrogels network compression.

中药房窗口管理优化与临床效价提升措施

目的:研究与分析中药房窗口管理优化与临床效价提升措施。方法:选取阳春市中医院2016年1月至2017年10月中药房、中药发放调配地、中药领取系统、库存室等为对象进行检查,对药物存放环境、药物真伪检验、药物的有效性、制作中药的规范性、申领中药的规范性等进行调查。在鉴别中药真伪方面,对茯苓丁、菟丝子、红花等常出现替代品的中药进行调查。结果:经分析中药房药物存放环境与药物质量,其常见问题为药物滞销和过期;领药申请程序与中药房管理不合格;调配制剂质量有误差,且存在漏配、误配等问题;而茯苓丁、菟丝子、红花等中药真品率与假品率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对中药房窗口管理中存在的问题,相关的工作人员必须对其实施优化,要充分发挥团队协作能力,同时采取有效措施促使不断提升中药房临床效价,从而为患者提供更有效、快捷、全面的服务。

Inflammatory bowel disease in travelers:Choosing the right vaccines and check-ups

The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) achieve good control of the inflammatory activity using available therapies. When remission is achieved and quality of life recovered, a considerable proportion of IBD patients express their desire to travel abroad, be it for business, academic or leisure purposes. Their physicians should help and encourage them whenever possible. However, preventive measures are warranted to minimize the risk, since IBD patients are exposed to the same infections affecting the general population, plus opportunistic infections (OI) related to the immunosuppression. There are a large number of potential OI that might affect patients with IBD. The true prevalence of these infections is unknown, and can vary from country to country. Therefore, reactivation or de novo acquisition of infections such as tuberculosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis will be much more frequent in endemic areas. Therefore, physicians should beaware of these aspects when planning specific preventive measures for patients traveling to a particular country. This includes good control of environmental exposure, chemoprophylaxis when indicated, and the use of a specific vaccination program to prevent endemic infections. In addition, it should be noted that, though the risk of acquiring an infectious disease is probably greater for IBD patients traveling from a developed to a developing country, the inverse situation can also occur; it depends on the previous acquired immunity of the host against infections in any particular environment.

Impact of a Pilot, Pharmacy-Led Tobacco Cessation Medication Protocol at Discharge in a Community Hospital

Purpose： To evaluate the implementation of a pharmacy-led tobacco cessation medication education protocol at discharge in a community hospital. Design： Single center, retrospective quality assessment study. Methods： A retrospective review of a pharmacy-led protocol was completed from November 2016 through April 2017. Data from one year prior to implementation of the protocol was analyzed against the study group. Results： A total of 607 tobacco cessation medication education interventions were made during the study period, 379 patients （62.4%） were given an OTC （Over The Counter） NRT （Nicotine Replacement Therapy） recommendation upon discharge and 148 （24.4%） were referred to the Ohio Tobacco Quit Line. TJC （The Joint Commission） TOB-3/3a measure was met in 44.1% of patients during the study period compared to 0% in the comparator group. Of the 75 patients who were reached via follow-up phone call, 23 （30.7%） purchased an OTC NRT and 22 （29.3%） completely quit using tobacco. Conclusions： Pharmacy-led tobacco cessation interventions during hospitalizations have a positive impact on TJC TOB-3/3a quality measure results and quit rates post-discharge. Our results encourage future studies in this area to further establish the importance of pharmacist involvement in tobacco cessation, specifically in the hospital setting.

A novel synthesis of fluvoxamine maleate

Fluvoxamine maleate is an excellent antidepressive drug. In the literatures, it was synthesized by the use of 4-（trifluoromethyl） aniline or 4-（trifluoromethyl） benzonitrile as starting materials and 5-methoxy-4＇-（trifluoromethyl-phenyl） valerophenone as a key intermediate. However, the methods in literatures have some disadvantages, such as the use of expensive materials, heavy pollution of environment, long reaction time and low yield of the product （only 30-40% overall yield）. We herein report an environmentally friendly synthetic method of fluvoxamine maleate, which used 4-（trifluoromethyl） benzoic acid and tetrahydrofuran as starting materials and FeCI3 as catalyst for the coupling of acid chloride with Grignard reagent. The fluvoxamine maleate was synthesized in 46% overall yield, through the oximation, etheration and salification of the intermediate successively.This method has some advantages, such as the use of commercially available materials, low cost, short production period （12-14 h）, high yield and light pollution.

Observation of Cell-Size Variation under Environmental Stress by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy without Objective Image Magnification

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy （FCS） without objective image magnification （without using con-focal microscope） was applied to observe the variation in cell size of Escherichia coli （E. coli） induced by the anti-cancer agent MitomycinC （MMC）. In the system without image magnification followed in this study, the suspension of E. coli cells was stirred, and the difference in movement due to the different cell sizes induced by the compulsive solution flow was detected. The addition of 0.1-0.4 pg/L of MMC elongated the E. coli cell length from about 3.6 to 7.8μm. The flow cell （i.d. = about 1 mm） also produced a size-dependent correlation curve, The present system is not based on single molecular FCS but is inexpensive and effective at observing the variation in cell size induced by environmental changes.

革兰氏阴性细菌在亚抑菌环境中的蛋白组响应规律

[目的]研究亚抑菌药物环境下微生物的耐药性,探究微生物在亚抑菌环境下的蛋白质组学响应规律。[方法]选用两种常见革兰氏阴性细菌大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)敏感菌株在亚抑菌环境中经环丙沙星和恩诺沙星诱导,提取全菌蛋白,通过Label-free定量蛋白质组学技术联合液相色谱-质谱技术(LC-MS)进行差异表达蛋白进行分析。[结果]革兰氏阴性细菌在亚抑菌环境下传代,其最低抑菌浓度提高至10μg/mL,即产生耐药性。蛋白质组学差异性分析结果表明,大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的耐药差异蛋白超过60%富集于细胞膜组分,主要在生物被膜形成、外排泵形成、氨基酸代谢和TCA循环等能量代谢和核酸代谢相关通路显著富集。[结论]革兰氏阴性细菌在亚抑菌环境下仍可产生耐药性,蛋白质组学差异性分析结果表明,通过调整能量代谢和核酸代谢相关通路来抵抗药物的杀菌作用,以此调整耐药状态,为深入研究亚抑菌药物环境下微生物的生理生化变化奠定了理论基础。

Safe Disposal of Medicines in Palestine

The disposal of unwanted and expired medications has been a concern to public health practitioners, and patients alike. The objective of the current investigation was to look closely at the practice of patients and carers in Nablus-Palestine with regard to disposal of unused or expired medicines. The study was a cross-sectional survey administered via face-to-face structured interviews with randomly selected patients, community pharmacists and physicians from Nablus-Palestine. Two hundred and fifty patients/carers completed a questionnaire regarding medicines disposal current practice, effects on environment, and their views to overcome this problem. Most of the people completing the questionnaire （67%） stated that they throw unwanted medicines in the normal household bins, and about 75% think that this can impose illegal and environmental hazards. Nearly half of the questionnaire showed that main reason for need to dispose medicines was possessing expired ones with almost believe there should be more appropriate way to dispose medicines. About 95% said they have not been directed for safe disposal of medicines with 46% thinking that a national campaign can be very educative in this issue mainly through Ministry of Health （54%） followed by .73% of the sampled patients were in favor of national campaign to direct people to safe disposal of medicines. This pilot study in Nablus clearly highlights the need for appropriate method for safe disposal of medicines in Palestine through guidelines in pharmacies and hospitals. A well organized method for collecting unwanted medicines from people should be encouraged through appropriate teaching of patients and caters about effects of waste medicines on environment as well as being domestic hazard. The data and information is valuable for furthering discussions regarding patients behaviour and also provides a basis for future research into determining what quantities of active pharmaceutical ingredients （APIs） are disposed, enter the environment and what effects it can impose.

Research Progress of Migration and Transformation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Underground Environment

With the increasing use of PPCPs （pharmaceuticals and personal care products）, the impact caused by the accumulation of PPCPs on the environment has become increasingly serious and has attracted considerable attention. In the last 10 years, major studies on PPCPs have focused on the sources and analytical testing of concentrations in the environment. Afterward, studies have shifted to the transfer and transformation of PCPPs in the environment and to the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs. Studies on PPCPs in the underground environment have mainly focused on their adsorption, desorption, transfer, and transformation in the aeration and saturation zones. The main methods applied in these studies include indoor simulation experiments and outdoor sampling and testing. These studies have mainly considered one dimension, and most of them have concentrated only on the aeration or saturation zone. Therefore, the main developing directions of studies on PPCPs are the comprehensive study of the transfer and transform process from source to sink in the underground environment and the establishment of an effective and efficient PPCP detection system,