环评工作在环境工程中的创新性作用研究

环境影响评价(环评)作为环境工程中的核心环节,发挥着促进可持续发展、推动绿色技术创新和增强环保意识的作用。尽管如此,当前环评工作仍面临诸多挑战,如环评报告的客观性问题、公众参与不足和法律规范不完善等。为此,本文探讨了环评工作在环境工程中的创新性作用及其应用中的问题,并提出了相应的改进建议,包括加强科技支撑、完善公众参与机制、强化法律规范与监管以及加强培训与教育等措施,以期提高环评工作的质量和有效性,推动环境工程的健康发展。

环境质量综合评价方法的改进

分析了环境质量综合评价方法的不足之处，引入了等级分数矩阵和环境评价值，提出了最小隶属原则，建立了改进的环境质量综合评价模型。

数值模拟在地下水环境影响评价中的应用——以某焦化项目为例

HJ610-2011《环境影响评价技术导则—地下水环境》的实施对环评工作者提出了更高的要求,加大了地下水环境影响评价工作的难度。本文以某焦化项目为例,运用国际上通用的GMS软件对地下水中污染物运移进行数值模拟预测,并根据预测结果提出相应的地下水环境保护措施,以供广大环评工作者在地下水环评工作中参考。

SCR脱硝系统中液氨环境风险性评价

从危害度和危险度两个方面对脱硝系统中的液氨环境风险事故进行分析,并提出风险防范措施和应急预案,为同类项目的液氨环境风险评价提供参考。

环境监测在环境影响评价工作中的应用及对策

随着我国经济的飞速发展,工业行业也在迅速发展,人们对环境保护意识进一步增强,致使企业对自身的环境保护提出了具体的要求和明确的措施。从环境影响评价角度而言,环境监测对于环境影响评价具有重要的意义,它是整个环境影响评价体系的重要环节,也是环境影响评价初期、建设期、运营期、后评价及跟踪评价的数据支撑来源。环境监测在环境影响评价中作为技术手段,使其对环境保护工作起到有效性和监督作用,为环保事业进一步发展提供最有力的保障。

炼化企业航油生产环境风险评价的初步研究

炼化企业石油行业属于危险、危害因素众多的高危行业,石油原料及产品多是易燃易爆物质,安全管理工作责任重大,对于风险源的识别和评价显得尤为重要,可为决策者和管理者提供科学的理论依据和对策。

浅析煤矿开采过程中的环境影响评价重点关注的问题

本文针对矿井开采煤矿建设项目，地下水和生态环境在施工期、运营期以及服务期满时，易产生的环境影响进行分析，讨论在环境影响评价过程中重点关注的问题。

环境影响评价中的公众参与

公众参与不但是环境保护的一项重要措施,也是环境影响评价大纲中规定的内容。本文浅析环境影响评价中的公众参与机制,分析当前公众参与所面临的问题,并提出了相应的对策。

大型连栋温室环境参数的线性时不变系统建模

华北地区大型连栋温室夏季强制通风降温的水、能消耗很大,为了使环境调控既能适宜作物生长又能降低调控消耗,迫切需要精确有效的环境温度和湿度动态模型。该文采用线性时不变系统的ARX模型及系统辨识方法,对华北地区连栋温室夏季强制通风降温动态过程进行室内温度和湿度建模。试验在2003年夏季6-7月进行,以1min的时间间隔连续采集室内温度、湿度、室外温度、湿度、光照强度、风速、风机运行状态和数据采集时刻8个参数,将采集的数据分成辨识集和证实集两组,用辨识集数据采用最小二乘法进行模型系数回归,用证实集数据进行模型验证,验证指标为最大绝对误差(MAE)、最大相对误差(MRE)、均方误差(RMSE)和可解释方差(vaf)。证实结果显示,温度模型的最大预测误差(MAE)为3.57℃,均方误差(RMSE)小于0.198℃;湿度模型的最大预测误差(MAE)为7.3%,均方误差(RMSE)小于0.624%;温度和湿度模型的vaf均大于98.9%。说明尽管模型在个别点的预测误差稍大,但总体的预测精度较高,能够满足一般情况下作物栽培对环境预测的要求。

石化企业废气污染防治设施有效性评估分析

石化企业在运营过程中,对周边大气环境会产生一定的影响。某石化企业通过开展环境影响后评价工作,对其运营期的大气污染源进行识别,对污染源监测数据和生产运行数据进行分析和评价,评估企业废气污染治理设施的有效性,并根据分析结果提出整改措施,提升企业环保管理水平,为企业合规运营提供有力支撑。

茶叶感官审评方法及其新发展

茶叶感官审评是凭借人的感觉器官,通过一定的评茶程序来确定茶叶品质优次的一种评茶方法。目前,这种方法因其具有快速、简便且较为准确的优点,而被国内外茶叶界认可并广泛运用。本文阐述了茶叶感官审评的主要内容和程序以及审评程序中应该注意的问题,并简略介绍了几种现在逐步应用到感官审评中的新技术和新方法。

教学相长：学生评教制度价值取向的本真回归

纵观中外高校学生评教发展历程，摆脱奖惩性评价导向的桎梏，以师生“相互理解、共同成长”为导向，研制合理的学生评教指标体系，优化学生评教的运作过程，营造和谐的学生评教环境，是高校学生评教制度设计的价值追求，更是保证和提高教学质量的长效策略。

长期污灌农田土壤重金属污染及潜在环境风险探讨

随着我国国民经济的不断发展与社会的不断发展进步,我国污染环境问题将会越来越严重,包括了大气污染、土壤污染、水污染等诸多方面,给予了我国农业长期发展的巨大压力,严重的水污染以及缺乏相应的供水系统,导致了我国农业灌溉一直处于亏灌状态,进而严重地污染了我国土地资源.本文将重点论述长期污灌农田土壤重金属污染及潜在环境风险.

Scales,methods and technical analysis of China's residential environment evaluation

To improve China＇s residential environment evaluation system and enhance its guiding role, current research results are analyzed and summarized from three aspects including research scales, evaluation methods and applied technology by means of comparison, induction and empirical application. The guiding role of the current macro-scale evaluation system of urban planning and construction is generally not obvious, whereas the guiding role of medium and micro-scale systems to the improvement of residential environments is improving. There are diversified methods for determining the threshold values and the weights of indices in China＇s evaluation system. For instance, the analytic hierarchy process（AHP） method is adopted to determine the weights of indices. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are analyzed on the basis of empirical calculation. In the course of comprehensive analyses, a nonlinear model can reflect interactions among indices more than a linear model; the evaluation model under the ARCGIS platform prevails since it combines space and attribute, and it has intuitive results. So far, the methodological system of China＇s residential environment evaluation has not been established; its subject coverage and research category should be expanded, and its guiding role should be enhanced.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Environmental Effects from Land Change in Hotan Oasis,Xinjiang

[Objective] This study aimed to evaluate the environmental effects coming from land changes in Hotan oasis during 1980-2010. [Method] Based on the Driving Force-State-Response model, expert weight method and entropy method were used to determine weight, and then the composite indexes of environmental effects （CIE for short） were calculated. [Result] During the period from 1980 to 2010, CIE had presented a rising trend whether expert weight method or entropy method in the study area, while the CIE presents downtrend basically in lower reaches. [Conclu- sion] It was the arable land expansion in middle reaches that led to serious land degradation in lower reaches, and may endanger ecosystem safety in Hotan River green corridor. Therefore, it is suggested that the agricultural land use should be restructured, such as reducing the sown areas of some crops with large amount of water consumption. Meanwhile, the effective measures should be taken to distribute water resources and utilize them reasonably. In addition, the oasis-desert ecotone, as well as the groundwater resources, should be also protected.

论生态农业持续发展

自 8 0年代开始试点工作以来 ,得到了长足的发展 ,实践证明 ,生态农业是我国农业发展的明智选择之一。本文从农业自然资源的局部开发与总量平衡、自然资源经济开发与生态保护并重等四个方面予以阐述 ,以求在生态农业持续发展中进一步思考。

Adsorption and Desorption Characteristics of Cadmium and Lead in Typical Paddy Soils of Jiangxi Province and Its Environmental Risk Assessment

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the adsorption and desorption characteristics of cadmium and lead in typical paddy soils of Jiangxi Province. [Method] Gleyed paddy soil and waterloggogenic paddy soil were collected from Jiangxi Province and used as experimental materials to investigate single and com- petitive adsorption and desorption behaviors of cadmium and lead by batch equilib- rium method. The environmental risk of the presence of cadmium and lead in paddy soils was assessed using distribution coefficients. [Result] Under equal ratio condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of lead by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of cadmium, and the adsorption rate in waterloggogenic paddy soil was higher than that in gleyed paddy soil. The desorption capacity of cadmium by two types of paddy soils was higher than that of lead, and the desorption rate in gleyed paddy soil was higher than that in waterloggogenic paddy soil. Under competitive condi- tions, the adsorption capacity of cadmium and lead by paddy soils was significantly reduced compared with single ion system, while the desorption rate was remarkably improved. The potential environmental risk of cadmium contamination was greater than that of lead in paddy soils. Moreover, environmental risks of cadmium and lead were reduced with the increase of pH, which increased significantly under the coex- istence state. [Conclusion] In the coexistence of cadmium and lead, cadmium con- tamination should be controlled and avoided compared with lead contamination in paddy soils.

Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Environmental Quality of Irrigation Water in Vegetable Farmlands of Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to evaluate heavy metal environmental quality of irrigation water in vegetable farmlands of Shandong Province. [Method] Heavy metal contents including Hg,Cd,As,Cr (+6),Pb,Cu and Zn in irrigation water of main vegetable farmlands of Shandong Province were investigated by randomly sampling,and the environmental quality conditions of these heavy metals were evaluated by methods of single quality index and complex quality index. [Result] The results showed that the average contents of heavy metals in irrigation water of Shouguang,Laiyang,Jinxiang and Zhangqiu were all far lower than the limit values prescribed by 'Farmland Environmental Quality Evaluation Standards for Edible Agricultural Products' (HJ332-2006),and no heavy metal was found beyond the limit value in every sample. The single quality indices of the 7 elements in the studied 4 places were all lower than 0.5. The comprehensive quality index of the seven elements was 0.317 8 in Shouguang,0.320 4 in Laiyang,0.232 6 in Jinxiang,and 0.260 7 in Zhangqiu. The environmental quality of irrigation water in the studied four places were all set at the first class. [Conclusion] The environmental quality of irrigation water in the 4 places belonged to clean level and were fit for the plantation of no pollution vegetables.

Ecosystem health: ecological sustainability target of strategic environment assessment

Strategic environment assessment (SEA) and ecosystem health are two new ideas on environmental management. On the basis of reviewing some relevant literature, this paper made discussions on the ecological sustainability target of SEA, the content of ecosystem health as well as the interrelations between SEA and ecosystem health. For a good SEA, its ecological sustainability principles should be provided with distinct content and a general assessment system. A framework for ecosystem health assessment was established according to the content of ecosystem health, and combined into SEA as SEA抯 ecological sustainability target, we can effectively guide decision-makers to make suitable indigenous means and local solutions. , The basic principles and procedure of SEA for ecosystem health are also discussed in the paper.