基于网格化的区域突发环境事件风险分区研究

为开展区域环境风险分区研究,文章基于环境统计和基础地理数据,引入地理空间分析法和人口空间离散化方法,充分考虑水系级别及水质的影响,以1 km×1 km网格为基础单元,对石化产业密集型区域的环境风险进行评估。结果表明:(1)研究区环境风险场呈现以石化区为高值中心,向外辐射递减态势,环境风险受体敏感区与环境风险受体分布保持一致。(2)研究区以低风险区为主,其次为中风险区和较高风险区,其中较高风险区面积为4.87 km^(2),占研究区总面积的1.7%;中风险区面积为42.64 km^(2),占研究区总面积的14.6%;低风险区面积为244.52 km^(2),占研究区总面积的83.7%,不同等级环境风险呈现以风险源和受体集中区为中心,向周围辐射递减趋势,且在下级行政单元的分布存在差异。(3)研究区环境风险管控的优先次序为Sr_(24)(石化区)、Sr_(19)、Sr_(20)、Sr_(16)、Sr_(17)和Sr_(10),其中,Sr_(24)和Sr_(19)为较高风险区,属重点优先管控区域。文章旨在优化网格化环境风险分析法,为区域环境风险评估的宏观决策和环境风险分区分级管理提供科学依据。

上海市突发环境污染事故风险区划

环境风险区划是区域布局型环境风险管理及环境风险分区管理的重要手段.本研究在环境风险系统理论的指导下,借鉴"自上而下"和"自下而上"传统区划方对上海市突发环境风险进行区划研究.上海市突发环境风险区划中"自上而下"环境风险一级区的划分是依据上海市1990～2008年突发污染事故历史时空格局获得;而"自下而上"是通过构建上海市风险区划指标体系,在对指标进行概念模型量化的基础上,运用基于遗传算法的K均值聚类在最小区划单元进行聚类区划,并依据上海市政府宏观规划对聚类后的图斑碎块进行科学性和实用性调整,获得上海市突发环境污染事故风险亚区和小区;将上海市突发环境风险一级区及亚区和小区集成分析,实现上海市突发环境污染事故风险综合区划.结果表明:上海市突发环境污染事故风险区划包含2个风险一级区,5个风险亚区和21个风险小区,客观揭示了上海市突发环境污染事故风险的空间分布规律.针对上海市布局型环境风险和不同风险区提出相应的管理措施,为上海市综合减灾降险和风险管理决策提供科学依据.

京津冀协同发展背景下的区域综合环境风险评估研究

以京津冀地区为研究区,根据环境风险评估与分区原则,从风险源危害性、控制机制有效性和受体易损性出发,构建了综合环境风险评估指标体系;分别应用状态最优化法和层次分析法确定了指标体系中的指标权重,并以各自的权重值分别计算出相应的风险值;两个结果相互验证,相互补充;最后采用灰色关联度法对上述评价的风险值进行分析,找出影响评价区风险大小的主导因素.结果表明,较高风险区主要为邢台、石家庄、唐山等地;较低风险区主要为秦皇岛、承德、张家口等地;其他研究区环境风险水平居中.

城市环境风险管控分区及对策研究--以铁岭市为例

近年伴随着重大环境事件的发生,人们对环境风险安全越发关注。本文以铁岭市为例,调查城市重大及较大环境风险源企业,梳理总结重点风险企业基本情况,根据企业环境风险源设定风险情景分析预测环境风险严重度;选取人口密度作为城市环境脆弱度指标;通过对环境风险严重度及脆弱度赋值叠加的方式形成环境风险综合分区,在分析综合分区情况的基础上对铁岭市环境风险管理提出对策及建议。

An analysis of environmental risks in Sichuan Province to relocate the textile industry from east China

The trend of transferring eastern textile industry to western regions in China is increasingly obvious.As for Sichuan Province,it is a chance to promote economic development and upgrade the textile industry through the incident compared with the other western regions.This paper analyzes the risk to environment in Sichuan Province when accepting the transfer and puts forwards relevant measures to this point.

Risk Analysis in Renewable Energy： Assessment of the Vulnerability of the Environment and Community

As a result of recent accidents, society is becoming more conscious and concerned about the risk that are under to the environment and communities. A proposal of assessment of the vulnerability of the environment and community is presented here under a holistic perspective using fuzzy logic as a formal tool. An internal factor of the risk of a system under a given threat is assessed. Risk is considered as the union between the threat and the vulnerability of the environment and community. This approach shows that the reduction in either or both of them makes a reduction in the risk content as well. The main purpose of this proposal is not to obtain a single value as output; in fact the result is a map which can contribute to the different areas of the community in decision making.