The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies is a serious threat to the environment. Efficient in-lake treatment methods for the control of cyanobacteria proliferation are needed, their in-vivo d...The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies is a serious threat to the environment. Efficient in-lake treatment methods for the control of cyanobacteria proliferation are needed, their in-vivo detection to obtain a real-time response to their presence, as well as the information about their physiological state after the applied treatment. In-vivo fluorescence measurements of photosynthetic pigments have proved to be effective for quantitative and qualitative detection of phytoplankton in a water environment. In the experiment, chlorophyll and phycocyanin fluorescence sensors were used concurrently to detect stress caused by electrochemical oxidation applying an electrolytic cell equipped with borondoped diamond electrodes on a laboratory culture of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. The inflicted injuries were reflected in a clear transient increase in the phycocyanin fluorescence signal(for 104 %? 43%) 24 h after the treatment, which was not the case for the chlorophyll fluorescence signal. In the next 72 h of observation, the fluorescence signals decreased(on 40% of the starting signal) indicating a reduction of cell number, which was confirmed by cell count(24% reduction of the starting concentration) and analysis of extracted chlorophyll and phycocyanin pigment. These results demonstrate the viability of the combined application of two sensors as a useful tool for in-vivo detection of induced stress, providing real-time information needed for the evaluation of the efficiency of the in-lake treatment and decision upon the necessity of its repetition. The electrochemical treatment also resulted in a lower free microcystins concentration compared to control.展开更多
Energy sector represents a key industrial branch for national, environmental and economic success. With its exclusive access to domestic deposits, lignite industry represents a guarantor of reliable raw materials, off...Energy sector represents a key industrial branch for national, environmental and economic success. With its exclusive access to domestic deposits, lignite industry represents a guarantor of reliable raw materials, offering long-term supply security based on verified reserves. Currently operated coalmines in Serbia (Kolubara and Kostolac) have production around 36 million tons of lignite, and over 108 million m3 of overburden. Consequently, sustainability of lignite production requires cost reduction and environmental protection, as well as capacity increase. In order to rationalise, and increase efficiency of Serbian lignite mines, it is necessary to focus the activities on major issues shown within the triangle of energy policy objectives (security of supply, competi- tive prices and environmental protection). Production process optimisation singled out several special programs. Equipment revi- talization and modernization is necessary taking into account that majority of the currently operated machinery has a life up to 25 years. Production process automation would enable high level of technical operation in the field of open cast mines management. Lack of coal quality uniformity is the permanent problem resulting by great amounts of coal reserves to be used uneconomically. Planning and training at all levels and finally cooperative software for business procedures and work order management. The measures suggested are a key precondition for maintaining competitive position of lignite production on international level.展开更多
Many hydropower plants are operated as peak generators or frequency controllers, because they can change their output quickly to follow the fluctuating power demand. When meeting peak load requirements, a power statio...Many hydropower plants are operated as peak generators or frequency controllers, because they can change their output quickly to follow the fluctuating power demand. When meeting peak load requirements, a power station is turned on at a particular time during the day, generates power at a constant load for a certain number of hours, and is then turned off or set to a different load for another time period, resulting in a high variability inflow discharges. Where reservoir hydro schemes are operated primarily to provide peak load services, there are particular environmental risks that should be considered in any environmental impact assessment. At a minimum these should focus on water quality, fluvial geomorphology, riparian vegetation, macro-invertebrate and fish communities underpinned by a sound hydrological analysis. Frequent temperature changes may occur downstream of a peaking power station; increased seepage-induced erosion of riverbanks due to frequent water level drawdowns; and impacts to macro-invertebrate and fish communities due to rapid and frequent in channel habitat conditions. With a sound understanding of the potential environmental issues, there are strategies that can be employed at the siting and design stage to minimize or mitigate these risks, including but not limited to minimum environmental flows, ramping rules, utilization of a re-regulation storage and localized treatment works.展开更多
For the need to protect the eco-environment and to strengthen environmental management in Lake Baiyangdian, water environment information aimed to get the water quality information more convenient and more intuitionis...For the need to protect the eco-environment and to strengthen environmental management in Lake Baiyangdian, water environment information aimed to get the water quality information more convenient and more intuitionistic was of significance. Based on massive monitoring data of Lake Baiyangdian and the important advantage of spatial analysis functions of GIS （geographical information system）, a system of B-WEIS （Baiyangdian water environment information system） was designed in the work. Component GIS of ArcEngine 9.3 GIS, combined with GIS and component technology, was used to research and develop the proposed system. This system realized different functions of management, data query, statistic analysis and visualization query to the Lake Baiyangdian water monitoring results. It also integrated with professional water quality model to realize evaluation of water quality and calculation of environmental capacity function. The designed system contributed to expand the management on Lake Baiyangdian more professional and available.展开更多
基金Supported by the ARRS Project L1-5456(Control of Harmful Cyanobacteria Bloom in Fresh-Water Bodies)LIFE+Project:LIFE12 ENV/SI/00083 LIFE Stop CyanoBloom
文摘The increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies is a serious threat to the environment. Efficient in-lake treatment methods for the control of cyanobacteria proliferation are needed, their in-vivo detection to obtain a real-time response to their presence, as well as the information about their physiological state after the applied treatment. In-vivo fluorescence measurements of photosynthetic pigments have proved to be effective for quantitative and qualitative detection of phytoplankton in a water environment. In the experiment, chlorophyll and phycocyanin fluorescence sensors were used concurrently to detect stress caused by electrochemical oxidation applying an electrolytic cell equipped with borondoped diamond electrodes on a laboratory culture of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. The inflicted injuries were reflected in a clear transient increase in the phycocyanin fluorescence signal(for 104 %? 43%) 24 h after the treatment, which was not the case for the chlorophyll fluorescence signal. In the next 72 h of observation, the fluorescence signals decreased(on 40% of the starting signal) indicating a reduction of cell number, which was confirmed by cell count(24% reduction of the starting concentration) and analysis of extracted chlorophyll and phycocyanin pigment. These results demonstrate the viability of the combined application of two sensors as a useful tool for in-vivo detection of induced stress, providing real-time information needed for the evaluation of the efficiency of the in-lake treatment and decision upon the necessity of its repetition. The electrochemical treatment also resulted in a lower free microcystins concentration compared to control.
文摘Energy sector represents a key industrial branch for national, environmental and economic success. With its exclusive access to domestic deposits, lignite industry represents a guarantor of reliable raw materials, offering long-term supply security based on verified reserves. Currently operated coalmines in Serbia (Kolubara and Kostolac) have production around 36 million tons of lignite, and over 108 million m3 of overburden. Consequently, sustainability of lignite production requires cost reduction and environmental protection, as well as capacity increase. In order to rationalise, and increase efficiency of Serbian lignite mines, it is necessary to focus the activities on major issues shown within the triangle of energy policy objectives (security of supply, competi- tive prices and environmental protection). Production process optimisation singled out several special programs. Equipment revi- talization and modernization is necessary taking into account that majority of the currently operated machinery has a life up to 25 years. Production process automation would enable high level of technical operation in the field of open cast mines management. Lack of coal quality uniformity is the permanent problem resulting by great amounts of coal reserves to be used uneconomically. Planning and training at all levels and finally cooperative software for business procedures and work order management. The measures suggested are a key precondition for maintaining competitive position of lignite production on international level.
文摘Many hydropower plants are operated as peak generators or frequency controllers, because they can change their output quickly to follow the fluctuating power demand. When meeting peak load requirements, a power station is turned on at a particular time during the day, generates power at a constant load for a certain number of hours, and is then turned off or set to a different load for another time period, resulting in a high variability inflow discharges. Where reservoir hydro schemes are operated primarily to provide peak load services, there are particular environmental risks that should be considered in any environmental impact assessment. At a minimum these should focus on water quality, fluvial geomorphology, riparian vegetation, macro-invertebrate and fish communities underpinned by a sound hydrological analysis. Frequent temperature changes may occur downstream of a peaking power station; increased seepage-induced erosion of riverbanks due to frequent water level drawdowns; and impacts to macro-invertebrate and fish communities due to rapid and frequent in channel habitat conditions. With a sound understanding of the potential environmental issues, there are strategies that can be employed at the siting and design stage to minimize or mitigate these risks, including but not limited to minimum environmental flows, ramping rules, utilization of a re-regulation storage and localized treatment works.
文摘For the need to protect the eco-environment and to strengthen environmental management in Lake Baiyangdian, water environment information aimed to get the water quality information more convenient and more intuitionistic was of significance. Based on massive monitoring data of Lake Baiyangdian and the important advantage of spatial analysis functions of GIS （geographical information system）, a system of B-WEIS （Baiyangdian water environment information system） was designed in the work. Component GIS of ArcEngine 9.3 GIS, combined with GIS and component technology, was used to research and develop the proposed system. This system realized different functions of management, data query, statistic analysis and visualization query to the Lake Baiyangdian water monitoring results. It also integrated with professional water quality model to realize evaluation of water quality and calculation of environmental capacity function. The designed system contributed to expand the management on Lake Baiyangdian more professional and available.
