1997年夏季西北太平洋环流模拟

采用 1 997年 7月中日副热带环流合作调查资料 ,即“向阳红 1 4”号、“东方红”两调查船CTD观测资料、日本TK和IK断面资料以及GTSPP同步资料 ,应用开边界情形的MOM 2模式计算了西北太平洋 2 1 875°～ 35 1 2 5°N ,1 2 0 875°～ 1 37 1 2 5°E范围的环流 ,主要结果如下 :在此期间 ,(1 )黑潮在台湾以东并不存在东分支流向琉球群岛以东海域 ;(2 )东海黑潮的流量约为 30× 1 0 6 m3/s,日本以南黑潮流量最大约为 70× 1 0 6 m3/s;(3)在 2 1 875°～ 2 5°N之间大约有 1 5× 1 0 6 m3/s的流量向西流去 .速度分布与流函数分布均表明这一支向西的海流大约在冲绳岛西南分为 3支 ,主要分支转向东北沿冲绳岛以东海域向东北流去 ;(4)琉球海流主要来自上述西向海流 .

关于大气“记忆”的大气环流模式模拟研究

通过２种大气环流模式（ＧＣＭ）的数值模拟，研究了大气对于赤道东太平洋海温（ＳＳＴ）异常外强迫的“记忆”问题。结果表明，大气对外强迫的“记忆”比传统意义的“记忆”要长得多，这是因为外强迫通过影响大气内部动力过程而激发产生了低频振荡（即大气低频遥响应），使得外强迫的影响可持续相当长的时间，大气对外强迫的“记忆”也就变得相当长。

压裂裂缝伤害室内模拟及裂缝清洗酸化工艺的应用

江汉盆地松滋油田鄂深10井在钻井、完井过程中,地层受到钻井液污严重染,在压裂施工中因大量前置液滞留地层造成裂缝伤害。根据该井情况建立实验室评价水力压裂裂缝伤害的方法,设计出模拟裂缝伤害过程的环流实验流程和实验方法,开展了室内岩心污染及解堵实验研究,研制出能有效分解瓜胶残渣、解除水力裂缝堵塞的配套酸液体系(以裂缝清洗剂为前置液,较高浓度盐酸为主体酸液),并优化设计出集裂缝清洗与基质酸化解堵于一体的施工工艺,清洗裂缝和改善近缝地层渗透性同步进行。鄂深10井实施该清洗酸化工艺后产能提高较大,4month累计产油575.6t。

不同层结条件下海浪生湍流混合特征分析及其对上层海洋的影响

上层海洋混合过程的动力学研究和数值模拟一直是海洋和气象学家关注的重点之一,其中上层海洋垂向混合参数化方案的不准确直接影响海洋模式的模拟效果。风生海浪对海气相互作用以及上层海洋的内部混合都起到极为重要的作用。本文基于包含垂向层结效应的海浪生湍流混合系数理论模型,开展不同层结条件下海浪生湍流混合系数的分布变化特征分析。构建了一维理想解析实验和准全球算例,结果表明,在100 m以浅的上层海洋中,混合层深度与上述混合系数呈现较为显著的负相关关系,当跃层或混合层深度较大时能够显著增强垂向混合过程,进而使表层暖水下降至更深的位置,加深混合层深度模拟结果。主要原因是由于深跃层条件下表层的层结效应较弱,因而对混合的抑制作用较小。此外,在准全球算例中海浪生湍流混合方案可显著提高海洋环流模式对上层海洋温度结构的模拟能力,模式对跃层处WOA13实测数据的模拟精度最高可提升60%以上。

琉球海流起源及其变化特征的初步分析

采用1977年1月～2006年12月高分辨率全球大洋环流模型OFES输出结果,对琉球群岛附近海域水文要素进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)琉球海流从西南到东北逐渐加强,其中在宫古海峡东侧断面琉球海流流量约为同断面黑潮流量的70%。(2)琉球海流的来源有4部分,分别为台湾以东黑潮的分支、宫古海峡以南的西向流、东海黑潮通过庆良间水道次表层流出的部分以及冲绳群岛和奄美群岛东面的西向流。(3)黑潮的流核主要位于表层至水深400m,而琉球海流的流核主要位于水深200～600m。(4)琉球海流受中尺度涡的影响十分剧烈,纬度越低,其受中尺度涡的影响越明显。(5)琉球海流和黑潮都存在1个约10a的显著变化周期。

Pseudo-Fluid Simulation of Transient Behaviors in a CFB Riser

The kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) is modified to fit the Einstein′s equation for effective viscosity of dilute flow. A pseudo-fluid approach based on this modified KTGF is used to simulate the dynamic formation and dissipation of clusters in a circulating fluidized bed riser. The agglomeration of particles reduces slip velocity within particle clusters, and hence results in two reverse trends: discrete particles are lifted by air while particle clusters fall down along the wall. The dynamic equilibrium of these two types of motion leads to the characteristic sigmoid profile of solid concentration along the longitudinal direction. The predicted solid velocity, lateral and longitudinal profiles of solid volume fraction and annulus thickness are in reasonable agreement with experimental results.

基于ADINA的安溢阀流固耦合技术研究

通过对安溢阀流固耦合分析建模中环流间隙模拟技术的研究,建立了相应的仿真分析模型,并进行了验证计算。验证结果表明:该方法能够很好地等效环流间隙,并能很好地融合于整阀模拟中,突破了安溢阀模拟的难点。

ECHAM5-Simulated Impacts of Two Types of El Nio on the Winter Precipitation Anomalies in South China

The authors used an atmospheric general circulation model （AGCM） of European Centre Hamburg Model （ECHAM5.4） and investigated the possible impacts of eastern Pacific （EP） and central Pacific （CP） El Ni（n）o on the winter precipitation anomalies in South China.A composite analysis suggested much more rainfall during the mature phase of EP El Ni（n）o than in the case of CP El Ni（n）o,and their corresponding observed wet centers to be located in the southeast coast and the region to the south of the Yangtze River,respectively.Results obtained on the basis of model-sensitive run imply that the modelsimulated rainfall anomalies agree well with the observation,and the magnitude of simulated rainfall anomalies were found to be reduced when the amplitude of sea surface temperature anomaly （SSTA） forcing of EP and CP El Ni（n）o was cut down.These results imply that the rainfall anomaly in South China is very sensitive not only to the type of El Ni（n）o but also to its intensity.

Coupling methods of global climate models and regional climate models

The future climate dynamical downscaling method is that output of general circulation models( GCMs) is employed to provide initial conditions,lateral boundary conditions,sea surface temperatures,and initial land surface conditions to regional climate models( RCMs). There are two methods of downscaling: offline coupling and online coupling. The two kinds of coupling methods are described in detail by coupling the Weather Research and Forecasting model( WRF) with the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences Atmospheric General Circulation Model Version 4. 0( IAP AGCM4. 0) in the study. And the extreme precipitation event over Beijing on July 212012 is simulated by using the two coupling methods. Results show that online coupling method is of great value in improving the model simulation. Furthermore,the data exchange frequency of online coupling has some effect on simulation result.

Numerical simulation of construction project environmental impact on the tides and tidal currents in Aojiang offshore of Wenzhou

This paper have collected the measured tides and certain tidal current data in different stages of many projects during past three to five years near the Aojiang River. The harmonic method is used to analyze tide and tidal current data observed at five stations in the sea adjacent to Aojiang River. The results show that the tide is mainly regular and semidiumal in the sea near Aojiang of Wenzhou. The tidal amplitudes of M2 constituent are between 170 cm - 193 cm and the lags are between 260~ - 280~, According to the comparison of analytical results of harmonic constants of these stations in 2007, 2010 and 2011, the maximum change of tidal amplitudes and phase-lag range for the main semidiurnal tides （M2, $2, N2）, the diurnal tide （K1, O1） and the shallow water tide （M4, MS4, M6） are 1.8 cm - 4.4 cm and 3~ - 7~, respectively. After analyzing the tide and tidal current characteristics of Aojiang River, this paper uses an unstructured grid and Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model （FVCOM） to test the results of simulation. The simulated results agree well with the measured data. The new shoreline and depth which are produced by the construction projects closed in important major years, and the tide and tidal current field for the new shoreline and depth are constructed, which describe the superimposed influences of construction engineering in Aojiang estuary.

Fine-resolution simulation of surface current and sea ice in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas

A free-resolution model is developed for ocean circulation simulation in the National Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics （LASG）, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and is applied to simulate surface current and sea ice variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. A dynamic sea ice model in elastic-viscous-plastic rheology and a thermodynamic sea ice model are employed. A 200-year simulation is performed and a dimatological average of a 10-year period （14lst-150th） is presented with focus on sea ice concentration and surface current variations in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas. The model is able to simulate well the East Greenland Current, Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift, but the simulated West Spitsbergen Current is small and weak. In the March climatology, the sea ice coverage can be simulated well except for a bit more ice in east of Spitsbergen Island. The result is also good for the September scenario except for less ice concentration east of Greenland and greater ice concentration near the ice margin. The extra ice east of Spitsbergen Island is caused by sea ice current convergence forced by atmospheric wind stress.

Computational Fluid-dynamics of Liquid Phase Flow on Distillation Column Trays

The liquid flow on a single-pass sieve distillation tray is simulated with a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program with the K-ε turbulence model. In the model, a source term SMi is formulatedin the Navier-Stokes equations to represent the interfacial momentum transfer and another term Sc is added to themass transfer equation as the source of interfacial mass transfer. The simulation provides the detailed informationof the three-dimensional distribution of liquid velocity on the tray, the circulation area and the concentration profilealong the height of liquid layer.

Numerical simulation on rotordynamic characteristics of annular seal under uniform and non-uniform flows

Currently, the flow field of annular seals disturbed by the circular whirl motion of rotors is usually solved using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) to evaluate the five rotordynamic coefficients. The simulations are based on the traditional quasi-steady method. In this work, an improved quasi-steady method along with the transient method was presented to compute the rotordynamic coefficients of a long seal. By comparisons with experimental data, the shortcomings of quasi-steady methods have been identified. Then, the effects of non-uniform incoming flow on seal dynamic coefficients were studied by transient simulations. Results indicate that the long seal has large cross stiffness k and direct mass M which are not good for rotor stability, while the transient method is more suitable for the long seal for its excellent performance in predicting M. When the incoming flow is non-uniform, the stiffness coefficients vary with the eccentric directions. Based on the rotordynamic coefficients under uniform incoming flow, the linearized fluid force formulas, which can consider the effects of non-uniform incoming flow, have been presented and can well explain the varying-stiffness phenomenon.

Simulating the Upper Ocean Circulation on the Belize Shelf: An Application of a Triply Nested-Grid Ocean Circulation Model

We present a three-level nested-grid ocean circulation modeling system for the Belize shelf of the western Caribbean Sea. The nested-grid system has three subcomponents： a coarse-resolution outer model of the western Caribbean Sea; an intermediate-resolution middle model of the southern Mest〉American Barrier Reef System; and a fine-resolution inner model of the Belize shelf. The two-way nesting technique based on the semi-prognostic method is used to exchange information between the three subcomponents. We discuss two applications of the nested-grid system in this study. In the first application we simulate the seasonal mean circulation in the region, with the nested system forced by monthly mean surface fluxes and boundary forcing. The model results reproduce the general circulation features on the western Caribbean Sea and mest〉scale circulation features on the Belize shelf. In the second application, we simulate the storm-induced circulation during Hurricane Mitch in 1998, with the nested-grid system forced by the combination of monthly mean forcing and idealized wind stress associated with the storm. The model results demonstrate that the storm-induced currents transport a large amount of estuarine waters from coastal regions of Honduras and Guatemala to offshore reef atolls.

Subthermocline anticyclonic gyre east of Mindanao and its relationship with the Mindanao Undercurrent

The quasi-permanent anticyclonic gyre （ACG） east of Mindanao is a dominant feature of the subthermocline circulation in the southem Philippine Sea, and it is believed closely associated with the continuous northward alongshore flow of the Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）. In this study, the structure and variability of this ACG were investigated using the 1950-2012 output of the Oceanic General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator （OFES）, which can reproduce well the structure of the climatological intermediate-layer circulation and satellite-observed sea level variations in the southern Philippine Sea. Between 26.8-27.3 ao, the ACG covers a large area from the Mindanao coast to 131 ~E and from 3~N to 10~N. Its anticyclonic flow structure is unrelated to the surface Halmahera Eddy. The eddy-resolving simulation of the OFES revealed that the ACG consists of two components. The southern ACG （SACG） is centered at -6~N, while the northern ACG （NACG） is centered at -10~N. Seasonal and interannual variations of the ACG are linked to the variations of the northward MUC transport along the Mindanao coast, and the role of the SACG is more important than the NACG. Stronger （weaker） ACGs lead to greater （smaller） MUC transport. On the interannual timescale, the SACG shows a spectrum peak at 4-8 years, while the NACG has enhanced power within the 3-5-year band. A lead-lag correlation analysis indicates that interannual variations of the ACGs and the MUC transport are partly associated with the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation. Possible causes for the ACG variability are discussed.

Recent Changes of Northern Indian Ocean Summer Rainfall Based on CMIP5 Multi-Model

This study evaluates the simulation of summer rainfall changes in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) based on the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The historical runs of 20 CMIP5 coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs) are analyzed. The Multi-Model ensemble (MME) of the CMIP5 models well reproduces the general feature of NIO summer rainfall. For a short period 1979?2005, 14 out of 20 models show an increased trend in the mean rainfall and a similar spatial distri-bution to the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) observations in MME. The increasing of the convergence in the equatorial IO results in the increase of rainfall significantly. The equatorial rainfall trend patterns seem modulated by the SST warm-ing in the tropical Indian Ocean, which confirm the mechanism of 'warmer-get-wetter' theory. For a long period 1950?2005, the trend of monsoon rainfall over India shows a decrease over the most parts of the India except an increase over the south corn er of the Indian Peninsula, due to a weakened summer monsoon circulation. The pattern is well simulated in half of the CMIP5 models. The rainfall over the north India is different for a short period, in which rainfall increases in 1979?2005, implying possible decadal varia-tion in the NIO summer climate.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SSTA IMPACTS OVER THE GLOBAL OCEAN ON THE ANOMALOUS CIRCULATION OVER EURASIA IN JANUARY 2008

In this paper, we discussed the features of atmospheric circulations over Eurasia as a response to sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） over the tropical Indian Ocean, the equatorial Pacific, Kuroshio and the North Atlantic. Our results are shown as follows： （1） CAM3.0, driven by the combined SSTAs over the four oceanic regions, can simulate well the features of anomalous atmospheric circulations over Eurasia in January 2008, indicating that the effects of the SSTAs over these four regions were one of the key causes of the anomalous systems over Eurasia. （2） The SSTAs over each key region contributed to the intensification of blocking over the Urals Mountains and a main East Asian trough. However, the influence of the SSTAs over individual oceanic regions differed from one another in other aspects. The SSTAs over the North Atlantic had an impact on the 500-hPa anomalous height （Z500A） over the middle-high latitudes and had a somewhat smaller effect over the low latitudes. For the warm SSTAs over Kuroshio, the subtropical high was much stronger, spread farther north than usual, and had an anomalous easterly that dominated the northwest Pacific Ocean. The warm SSTAs over the tropical Indian Ocean could have caused a negative Z500A from West Asia to Middle Asia, a remarkably anomalous southwesterly from the Indian Ocean to the south of China and an anomalous anticyclone circulation over the South China Sea-Philippine Sea region. Because of the La Nifia event, the winter monsoon was stronger than normal, with an anomalously cooler northerly over the southeastern coastal areas of China. （3） The combined effects of the SSTAs over the four key regions were likely more important to the atmospheric circulation anomalies of January 2008 over Eurasia than the effects of individual or partly combined SSTAS. This unique SSTA distribution possibly led to the circulation anomalies over Eurasia in January 2008, especially the atmospheric circulation anomalies over the subtropics, which were more similar to those of the winter E1 Nifio events than to the circulation anomalies following La Nifia.

ENSO Variability Simulated by a Coupled General Circulation Model:ECHAM5/MPI-OM

The accurate simulation of the equatorial sea surlhce temperature （SST） variability is crucial for a proper representation or prediction of the El Nino-Southern Os- cillation （ENSO）. This paper describes the tropical variability simulated by the Max Planck Institute （MPI） forr meteorology coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model （CGCM）. A control simulation with pre-industrial greenhouse gases is analyzed, and the simulation of key oceanic features, such as SST, is compared with observa- tions. Results from the 400-yr control simulation show that the model＇s ENSO variability is quite realistic in terms of structure, strength, and period. Also, two related features （the annual cycle of SST and the-phase locking of ENSO events）, which are significant in determining the model＇s performance of realistic ENSO prediction, are further validated to be well reproduced by the MPI cli mate model, which is an atmospheric model ECHAM5 （which fuses the EC tbr European Center and HAM for Hamburg） coupled to an MPI ocean model （MPI-OM）, ECHAMS/MPI-OM.

Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Extrudate Swell Through Elliptical Ring Die

The numerical simulation of extrudate swell is significant in extrusion processing.Precise prediction of extrudate swell is propitious to the control of melt flow and the quality of final products.A mathematical model of three-dimensional（3D）viscoelastic flow through elliptical ring die for polymer extrusion was investigated.The penalty function formulation of viscoelastic incompressible fluid was introduced to the finite element model to analyze 3D extrusion problem.The discrete elastic viscous split stress（DEVSS）and streamline-upwind PetrovGalerkin（SUPG）technology were used to obtain stable simulation results.Free surface was updated by updating the streamlines which needs less memory space.According to numerical simulation results,the effect of zero-shear viscosity and elongation parameter on extrudate swell was slight,but with the increase of volumetric flow rate and relax time the extrudate swell ratio increased markedly.Finally,the numerical simulation of extrudate swell flow for low-density polyethylene（LDPE）melts was investigated and the results agreed well with others’work.These conclusions provided quantitative basis for the forecasting extrudate swell ratio and the controlling of extrusion productivity shape.