海上薄气层油藏开采方案设计

海上B油田上部存在薄的气层,海上作业成本高,限制了钻井的数量,因此采用3井对油气层同时进行开采。油管采油、环空采气的开采方式没有充分利用气层的能量。受气举采油的启发,利用井气来实现"自我气举",充分利用了上部凝析气层的能量。井气气举到地层压力为22 MPa时,气举采油达不到配产,此时采用井气气举+气举—电潜泵组合举升方案来接替采油。该方案较自喷+电潜泵接替举升(油管采油,环空采气)方案可节省功率49.45~58.42 k W,节能效果明显。井气气举+气举—电潜泵组合举升方案设计对海上油田高效、安全、经济的开发具有指导意义。

Sources of Particular Pollutants inAmbient Air at a Petrochemical Enterprise

The study on source apportionment of particular pollutants in ambient air at a petrochemical enterprise is the ba-sis of the control over air pollution. Through analyzing particular pollutants in the samples collected from one petrochemi- cal enterprise in northwestern China, the sources of particular pollutants were discussed. The test results showed that con- centrations of particular pollutants in different sites were remarkably different. Results showed that the sampling sites with higher concentrations of particular pollutants, including toluene, xylenes, NH3 and H2S, were located at the boundary of the petrochemical enterprise. Instead, the concentrations of NMHC in the ambient air sampling sites were higher than those at the boundary of the petrochemical enterprise. The sampling sites with higher concentrations of particular pollutants were located in the area that was close to the petrochemical enterprise. The results obtained from the Pearson correlation co- efficients analyses, the factor analyses, and x^2-tests of the particular pollutants had revealed that NH3, H2S, toluene and xylenes at all sampling sites came from the same source, while NMHC might come from some other sources besides the petrochemical enterprise.