水翼辅助推进船舶运动响应分析

水翼辅助推进是利用水翼吸收船舶在波浪中摇荡运动的能量从而降低波浪增阻并提供额外推力的技术,其中绕水翼的环量流动对水翼所产生的力与力矩有着重要影响。为此,利用ANSYS-AQWA结合源面元分布法与平板摇荡翼速度环量力理论解,对安装有固定翼的S175船运动响应进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,水翼能显著降低船舶在迎浪中航行时船舶的运动响应。

双三角翼非定常俯仰运动实验与数值模拟

文章针对双三角翼大振幅正弦俯仰运动过程中的非定常载荷和流动特性开展了实验与数值模拟研究,并与相同主翼后掠角的单三角翼进行了对比.实验研究在低速回流式水槽中开展,所采用的实验模型为边条后掠角为75°,主翼后掠角为50°的双三角翼全模,俯仰运动的旋转轴位于主翼弦长的2/3处,振幅为0~60°,运动的缩减频率k=0.03,0.06,0.12,0.24,0.48.实验Reynolds数以主翼弦长为参考Re=1.69×10^4.在水槽的测力实验中,发现非定常流动力的迟滞现象,并且随着非定常运动缩减频率的增大,流动的迟滞效应也随之增大.与相同主翼后掠角的单三角翼相比,双三角翼的迟滞环在低缩减频率下更小,但随着缩减频率的增大,这种差距逐渐减小.在数值模拟研究中,采用DDES湍流模型对俯仰双三角翼的流场进行了数值模拟.流场结果表明,在较低的缩减频率下,主翼吸力面的前缘涡是影响气动力的主要因素,非定常流动力的迟滞效应主要与前缘涡在上仰过程中的延迟破裂和下俯过程中的延迟恢复有关;在较高的缩减频率下,机翼前缘涡对气动力的影响减小,由机翼俯仰角速度而产生的环量力成为了气动力的主导因素,因此在较高缩减频率下,单三角翼与双三角翼的升力特性趋于一致.

Reviews on Soil Environmental Capacity and Carrying Capacity

The research introduced the current development of carrying capacity of environment and population size. Based on analysis of atmosphere environment bearing capacity and water environment carrying capacity, it further studied and summarized the soil environmental capacity on pollutants and social activities. The soil environmental capacity on pollutants is the maximum pollutants contained in a unit of soil within a limited time. Current research mainly focuses on background values, limit and migration coefficient of soil and the relevant modeling. The soil environmental capacity on social activities refers to the limit values of soil on the size,density and pace of development of social activities, while maintaining the normal structure and function of the bio-and eco-system of the soil. In other words, it not only refers to the capacity on pollutants, but also refers to the capacity on social and economic activities. Based on the research ＂Criteria on the standards of soil system＂, this report is mainly focused on the capacity of soil system on heavy metals. Further studies are still needed to come up with a universal definition of the soil environmental capacity and its theory system, as well as the standard and complete evaluating system.

Environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand in the Bohai Sea: modeling and calculation

A three-dimensional advection-diffusion model coupled with the degradation process is established for describing the transport of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Comparison of the simulated distribution of COD at the surface in the Bohai Sea in August, 2001 with field observations, shows that the model simulates the dataset reasonably well. The Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay, and Liaodong Bay were contaminated heavily near shore. Based on the optimal discharge flux method, the Environmental Capacity (EC) and allocated capacities of COD in the Bohai Sea are calculated. For seawater of Grades I to IV of the Chinese National Standard, the ECs of COD in the Bohai Sea were 77×104 t/a, 116×104 t/a, 154×104 t/a and 193×104 t/a, respectively. The Huanghe (Yellow) River pollutant discharge accounted for the largest percentage of COD at 14.3%, followed by that of from the Liugu River (11.5%), and other nine local rivers below 10%. The COD level in 2005 was worse than that of Grade II seawater and was beyond the environmental capacity. In average, 35% COD reduction is called to meet the standard of Grade I seawater.

Excel在线性回归方程中数据处理的方法和应用

本文介绍了如何利用Excel来完成线性回归方程中数据处理,文中给出了计算的公式及电子表格的设计方法,只需输入活塞面积、指示器值P和三次检测数据Fi,就可以自动生成所需要的回归方程、内插误差,负载效率等数据结果,主要例举了千斤顶和量力环数据的处理方法。

Energy Spectra of a Magnetic Quantum Ring with an Off-Center Impurity

In this paper, we calculate the low-lying spectra of a single-electron magnetic quantum ring with an offcenter Coulomb impurity, where the magnetic field is zero within the ring and constant elsewhere. The impurity, either an acceptor or a donor, is located at a distance d as measured from the plane of the ring along the vertical z direction. The magnetic moments are found in order to get visible discontinuities at the points of the ground-state orbital angular momentum L transitions induced by magnetic fields.

Non-invasive measurement of pan-colonic pressure over a whole digestive cycle:Clinical applications of a capsule-style manometric system

AIM： To study the prolonged colonic motility under normal conditions with a novel capsule-style microsystem and to assess its clinical significance. METHODS： A single use telemetry capsule （10 mm in diameter, 20 mm in length） embedded with a pressure sensor was ingested by the subjects. The sensor is capable of transmitting colonic pressure wirelessly for more than 130 h. The time of capsule entering the segmental colon was detected by ultrasound. The ultrasonic electrodes were mounted on the surface of the ileocecum and navel and at the junction of the left and rectosigmoid colon of the subjects in sequence, which were identified by abdominal X-rays with radiopaque markers. To verify the accuracy and reliability of ultrasonic detection of telemetry capsules at key points of colon, the segmental colonic transit time was simultaneously recorded by using radiopaque markers. RESULTS： The signal lamp showed that all recorders could receive the radio signal transmitted by the telemetry capsule. The X-rays showed that all telemetry capsules were detected successfully when they were passing through the key points of colon. There was a significant correlation between the transit results obtained by ultrasonic detection or by radiopaque markers. Colorectal recording was obtained from 20 healthy subjects during 613 h （411 h during waking, 202 h during sleep）. Compared to waking, the number of pressure contractions and the area under pressure contractions were significantly （P 〈 0.05） decreased during sleep （21 ± 5 h^-vs 15 ± 4 h1, 463 ± 54 mmHg·/min vs 342 ± 45 mmHg·/min）. The colonic motility exhibited significant regional variations both in the circadian behavior and in response to waking and meal. CONCLUSION： The capsule-style micro-system is reliable and noninvasive, and may represent a useful tool for the study of physiology and pathology of colonic motor disorders.

Entanglement Dynamics of Two Qubits Coupled to a Noise Environment

We study the time evolution of two two-state systems （two qubits） initially in the pure entangled states or the maximally entangled mixed states interacting with the individual environmental noise. It is shown that due to environment noise, all quantum entangled states are very fragile and become a classical mixed state in a short-time limit. But the environment can affect entanglement in very different ways. The type of decoherence process for certain entangled states belongs to amplitude damping, while the others belong to dephasing decoherenee.

Contribution of Oceanic Circulation to the Poleward Heat Flux

Oceanic contribution to the poleward heat flux in the climate system includes two components: the sensible heat flux and the latent heat flux. Although the latent heat flux has been classified as atmospheric heat flux exclusively, it is argued that oceanic control over this component of poleward heat flux should play a critically important role. The so-called swamp ocean model practice is analyzed in detail, and the critical role of oceanic circulation in the establishment of the meridional moisture transport is emphasized.

Integration of nitrogen dynamics into the land surface model AVIM.Part 2:baseline data and variation of carbon and nitrogen fluxes in China

The spatiotemporal features of carbon and nitrogen fluxes over China between 1979 and 2015were simulated by the Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model(AVIM).The carbon fluxes of gross primary production and net primary production captured the distribution pattern in China better than MODIS and TRENDY data.The results for nitrogen deposition and biological nitrogen fixation show the good performance of the AVIM simulation compared with the CMIP6 and CABLE data,with a deposition rate>4 g N m-2yr-1in south China.The variation in the gross primary production and net primary production can be up to 300 and 200 g C m-2yr-1in south and southeast China,respectively,and there is a discrepancy between the AVIM and the data from MODIS and TRENDY.This shows the difficulty in simulating the carbon flux in a monsoon climate region and the importance of coupling the nitrogen–carbon fluxes.The standard deviation of nitrogen deposition and biological nitrogen fixation is simulated well by the AVIM and there is a large range in nitrogen deposition of 0.8–1.2 g N m-2yr-1in south China.The climatological mean of the fluxes performs better than the variation in the standard deviation and anomaly and this variation in the carbon–nitrogen flux is the key to decreasing bias in future modeling studies.

Comprehensive Measurement for Carrying Capacity of Resources and Environment of City Clusters in Central China

Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development.

A shaped annular beam tri-heterodyne confocal microscope with good anti-environmental interference capability

annular beam tri-heterodyne confocal microscope has been proposed to improve the anti-environmental interference capability and the resolution of a eonfoeal microscope. It simultaneously detects far-, on-, and near-focus signals with given phase differences by dividing the measured light path of the eonfoeal microscope into three sub-paths （signals）. Pair-wise real-time heterodyne subtraction of the three signals is used to improve the anti-environmental interference capability, axial resolution, and linearity; and a shaped annular beam super-resolution technique is used to improve lateral resolution. Theoretical analyses and preliminary experiments indicate that an axial resolution of about 1 nm can be achieved with a shaped annular beam tri-heterodyne confoeal microscope and its lateral resolution can be better than 0.2 um for A = 632.8 nm, the numerical aperture of the lens of the microscope is NA = 0.85, and the normalized radius e = 0.5.

Analysis of Present Sperm Quality in Different Populations

To evaluate current status of male sperm quality and compare with the data of 110 cases in 1980's from same laboratory,434 fertile man and 346 cases of man with uncertain sperm quality were examined.The results showed sperm quality was significantly declined.The changes were most obvious in the sperm counts and total number of sperm,which were decreased by 54.2%～98.9% and 39.7%～114.5% respectively.Among parameters of sperm quality,motility of sperm is most affected in overall motility,a level and a+b level motility,with percentage of abnormal case were 18.4%～42.3%,37.5%～68.1% and 39.5%～75.2% respectively.The number of cases within normal range of sperm parameters was merely 33.6% for group of fertile man and 26.0% for the group of man with uncertain sperm quality.These results suggest that it should pay more attention to the decline of sperm quality.

Dynamics of Quantum Discord in Asymmetric and Local Non-Markovian Environments

The non-Markovian decoherence of quantum and classical correlations is analytically obtained when two qubits are asymmetrically subjected to the bit flip channel and phase flip channel. For one class of initial mixed states, quantum correlations quantified by quantum discord decay synchronously with classical correlations. The discovery that the decaying rates of quantum and classical correlations suddenly change at the characteristic time is physically interpreted by the distance from quantum state to the closest classical states. In a large time interval, quantum correlations are greater than classical correlations. The quantum and classical correlations can be preserved over a longer period of time via the kernel characterizing the environment memory effects.

Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics Studies of Thermal Rate Coefficients for Reaction F+H2O→HF+OH

The prototype tetra-atomic reaction F+H2O→HF+OH plays a significant role in both atmospheric and astronomical chemistry.In this work,thermal rate coefficients of this reaction are determined with the ring polymer molecular dynamics(RPMD)method on a full-dimensional potential energy surface(PES).This PES is the most accurate one for the title reaction,as demonstrated by the correct barrier height and reaction energy,compared to the benchmark calculations by the focal point analysis and the high accuracy extrapolated ab initio thermochemistry methods.The RPMD rate coefficients are in excellent agreement with those calculated by the semiclassical transition state theory and a two-dimensional master equation technique,and some experimental measurements.As has been found in many RPMD applications,quantum effects,including tunneling and zero-point energy effects,can be efficiently and effectively captured by the RPMD method.In addition,the convergence of the results with respect to the number of beads is rapid,which is also consistent with previous RPMD applications.

Measurement and Correlation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium for a Cyclohexene-Cyclohexanol Binary System at 101.3 kPa

Many by-products are generated in the process of oxidizing cyclohexene to produce 1,2-epoxycyclohexane by hydrogen peroxide,including cyclohexanol,cyclohexanone,etc.To obtain high-purity 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, the by-products and unreacted cyclohexene must be removed through rectification,in which the vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE)data of the system are needed.In this study,the VLE data of cyclohexene-cyclohexanol system were studied at 101.3 kPa using an improved EC-2 VLE still.The thermodynamic consistency of the data was examined by Herington's method.The results obtained were exemplary.The VLE data were correlated by the Wilson equation. The difference between the calculated values and the experimental data is minor,indicating that the VLE data are suitable for engineering design.

Measurement and Correlation of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of the 1,2-Epoxycyclohexane-Cyclohexanone Binary System at 101.3kPa

Many by-products are generated in the process of oxidizing cyclohexene to produce 1,2-epoxycyclohexane by hydrogen peroxide, including cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, etc. To obtain high-purity 1,2-epoxycyclohexane, the by-products must be removed through rectification. Refining 1,2-epoxycyclohexane through rectification requires vapor-liquid equilibrium(VLE) data of the related system. Therefore, the VLE data of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane- cyc-lohexanone system were measured at 101.3 kPa using an improved EC-2 VLE still. The thermodynamic consistency of the data was then tested by Herington's method and the rigorous point-to-point method. The results obtained were exemplary. The VLE data were correlated by the Wilson and non-random two-liquid(NRTL) equations, using the error sum squares of the vapor composition as the objective function to obtain the model parameters. The difference between the calculated values and the experimental data is minor, indicating that the VLE data are suitable for engineering design.

Molecular Simulation Studies on Basicity of Nitrogen-containing Compounds

The DFT-based （density fimctional theory） ab initio quantum mechanical methods have been applied to study the basicity of the nitrogen-containing compounds in petroleum. The results have indicated that there is a distinct relationship between the protonation energy of nitrogen-containing compounds and their basicity. The more negative the protonation energy, the stronger the basicity is. It has been also found that aliphatic amines are more basic than pyridines or aromatic amines, and all these compounds are more basic than pyrroles. The addition of the aromatic rings can influence the basicity of anilines, while the 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic compounds function differently. The solvent properties may affect the basicity of these nitrogen-containing compounds.

Biological Autonomy

We argue that genuine biological autonomy, or described at human level as free will, requires taking into account quantum vacuum processes in the context of biological teleology. One faces at least three basic problems of genuine biological autonomy： （1） if biological autonomy is not physical, where does it come from？ （2） Is there a room for biological causes？ And （3） how to obtain a workable model of biological teleology？ It is shown here that the solution of all these three problems is related to the quantum vacuum. We present a short review of how this basic aspect of the fundamentals of quantum theory, although it had not been addressed for nearly 100 years, actually it was suggested by Bohr, Heisenberg, and others. Realizing that the quantum mechanical measurement problem associated with the ＂collapse＂ of the wave function is related, in the Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics, to a process between self-consciousness and the external physical environment, we are extending the issue for an explanation of the different processes occurring between living organisms and their internal environment. Definitions of genuine biological autonomy, biological aim, and biological spontaneity are presented. We propose to improve the popular two-stage model of decisions with a biological model suitable to obtain a deeper look at the nature of the mind-body problem. In the newly emerging picture biological autonomy emerges as a new, fundamental and inevitable element of the scientific worldview.

Measuring coordination of economy-society and resource-environment based on major function oriented zoning: a case study of Pearl River Delta

A reasonable coordination degree assessment of the social-economic development level and the resource-environment quality level are essential to ident the key factory of the development, and vital to determine the appropriate development strategy and achieve sustainable development. The major function oriented zoning plays a role in spatial coordination mainly＇ by spatial guidance and restriction, so. the proposal of major function oriented zoning gives a new train of thought to generate a coordination evaluation of economy-society and the resource-environment system, From the view of major function oriented zoning that considers resource environmental bearing capacity, existing development density and development potential, this paper constructs an index system and model of coordination evahtation with a case study on Pearl River Delta. The results have shown： （I） It can reveal the conflicts of economic-social development and resource-environment quality to ac- curately consider resource environmental bearing capacity, existing development densio~ and development po- tential; （2） The coordination degree between social-economy system and resource-environment system in Pearl River Delta continued to decline in the past 10 years. The spatial extent of coordination evoh,es.from coordina- tion in the whole Pearl River Delta to imbalance in the core areas, and at present, the uncoordinated areas have already diffused from core areas to the outlying regions： （3） Most regions of the Pearl River Delta are in uncoordinated condition When considering the coordination degree of economic-social development and resollrceenvironment quality, not as coordinated as some scholars considered.