The contribution of the genetic make-up to an individual’s capacity has long been recognized in modern pharmacology as a crucial factor leading to therapy ineffciency and toxicity, negatively impacting the economic b...The contribution of the genetic make-up to an individual’s capacity has long been recognized in modern pharmacology as a crucial factor leading to therapy ineffciency and toxicity, negatively impacting the economic burden of healthcare and restricting the monitoring of diseases. In practical terms, and in order for drug prescription to be improved toward meeting the personalized medicine concept in drug delivery, the maximum clinical outcome for most, if not all, patients must be achieved, i.e. , pharmacotyping. Such a direction although promising and of high expectation from the society, it is however hardly to be afforded for healthcare worldwide. To overcome any existed hurdles, this means that practical clinical utility of personalized medicine decisions have to be documented and validated in the clinical setting. The latter implies for drug delivery the effcient implementation of previously gained in vivo pharmacology experience with pharmacogenomics knowledge. As an approach to work faster and in a more productive way, the elaboration of advanced physiologically based phar-macokinetics models is discussed. And in better clarifying this topic, the example of tamoxifen is thoroughly presented. Overall, pharmacotyping represents a major challenge in modern therapeutics for which pharmacologists need to work in successfully fulflling this task.展开更多
Professor Li has combined TCM and modern medicine in the treatment of skin diseases for more than 30 years and has accumulated rich experience.We summarize some of his clinical experience in treating psoriasis.
Chinese government governance involves the two dimensions of autonomy and cogovernance.The process of moving from government management to government governance is a synchronous process of moving from government by a ...Chinese government governance involves the two dimensions of autonomy and cogovernance.The process of moving from government management to government governance is a synchronous process of moving from government by a legal system to a“rule of law”government.Such governance coincides with the rule of law in terms of fundamental guarantees,governance frameworks,intrinsic values,external forms,goal pursuits and construction paths and lays the foundation for the realization of government governance.The multi-subject structure,multiplicity of rules and regulations,interaction of processes,diversity of modes and complexity of disputes in this form of governance place new demands on the construction of the rule of law.In response to these needs,we should improve the government’s functional orientation and the disposition of its powers by means of statute law;expand the types of administrative bodies and improve the laws on administrative organizations;enrich the sources of law;use consensus rules to improve controlling rules;be guided by interactivity in improving the administrative procedure system;normalize diversified administrative behavior;and establish multiple dispute resolution mechanisms and strengthen right relief.This will highlight the rule of law path taken by government governance.In the course of the integration and interaction of such governance with the rule of law,we will need to coordinate our responses to its latent risks,such as governance pitfalls and the limitations of the rule of law.展开更多
文摘The contribution of the genetic make-up to an individual’s capacity has long been recognized in modern pharmacology as a crucial factor leading to therapy ineffciency and toxicity, negatively impacting the economic burden of healthcare and restricting the monitoring of diseases. In practical terms, and in order for drug prescription to be improved toward meeting the personalized medicine concept in drug delivery, the maximum clinical outcome for most, if not all, patients must be achieved, i.e. , pharmacotyping. Such a direction although promising and of high expectation from the society, it is however hardly to be afforded for healthcare worldwide. To overcome any existed hurdles, this means that practical clinical utility of personalized medicine decisions have to be documented and validated in the clinical setting. The latter implies for drug delivery the effcient implementation of previously gained in vivo pharmacology experience with pharmacogenomics knowledge. As an approach to work faster and in a more productive way, the elaboration of advanced physiologically based phar-macokinetics models is discussed. And in better clarifying this topic, the example of tamoxifen is thoroughly presented. Overall, pharmacotyping represents a major challenge in modern therapeutics for which pharmacologists need to work in successfully fulflling this task.
基金Open Subject from TCM clinical basic research on Psoriasis of the key laboratory of Beijing"10 kinds of diseases and 10 kinds of medicines"Subject from Beijing municipal commission of science and technology(number:Z131100002513013)Project from Human Resources Dept of Dongfang Hospital"Dongfang Famous Doctors"
文摘Professor Li has combined TCM and modern medicine in the treatment of skin diseases for more than 30 years and has accumulated rich experience.We summarize some of his clinical experience in treating psoriasis.
基金a phased result of “Research on Soft Law Governance concerning Inter-government Cooperation in Regional Coordination and Development,” a key project of the National Social Science Fund of China(16AFX007)
文摘Chinese government governance involves the two dimensions of autonomy and cogovernance.The process of moving from government management to government governance is a synchronous process of moving from government by a legal system to a“rule of law”government.Such governance coincides with the rule of law in terms of fundamental guarantees,governance frameworks,intrinsic values,external forms,goal pursuits and construction paths and lays the foundation for the realization of government governance.The multi-subject structure,multiplicity of rules and regulations,interaction of processes,diversity of modes and complexity of disputes in this form of governance place new demands on the construction of the rule of law.In response to these needs,we should improve the government’s functional orientation and the disposition of its powers by means of statute law;expand the types of administrative bodies and improve the laws on administrative organizations;enrich the sources of law;use consensus rules to improve controlling rules;be guided by interactivity in improving the administrative procedure system;normalize diversified administrative behavior;and establish multiple dispute resolution mechanisms and strengthen right relief.This will highlight the rule of law path taken by government governance.In the course of the integration and interaction of such governance with the rule of law,we will need to coordinate our responses to its latent risks,such as governance pitfalls and the limitations of the rule of law.
