Trends in Glaucoma Disability in Ukraine

The article represents the glaucoma disability rates in Ukraine and touches upon medical and social aspects of the problem We have screened a data from source medical documents and analyzed the MSEK （Physical Disability Board of Review） statistical reporting data, further used as a basis for calculation of live indices of general and primary disabilities caused by eye diseases, including the ones caused by primary open-angle glaucoma （7.05% and 9.99%, respectively）, the extensive distribution indices of disability by gender （75.74% male）, age （59.29% of II maturity patients）, and a disability group （56% of patients recognized disabled persons of groups I and II）. Our findings indicate a lack of modern science-based approaches to diagnosis, rehabilitation, and socio-medical examination of patients with ophthalmologic pathologies, thus requiring deeper study of this problem.

中国人口城镇化质量评价及省际差异分析

新型城镇化是中国的重要国策,对人的城镇(市)化的科学评价是正确认识城镇化和制定相关政策的重要基础。目前城—乡二元分析框架下的以城镇化率和城镇(或区域)城镇化质量为主的评价方法,难以反映城镇化过程中社会结构的变化,同时乡村人口的城镇化发展也被忽略。本文提出人口城镇化质量的概念,建立了衡量人口城镇化质量的指标体系。对1995、2000、2005、2010和2012年全国及各省市的城镇人口、乡村人口及总人口的城镇化质量进行了分析。研究发现:1尽管城镇人口的城镇化速度显著快于乡村人口,但城镇化并非城镇人口独有的社会过程。2城乡两类人口的城镇化质量在省域尺度上正逐步形成差异明显的空间格局。3北京、上海、浙江等少数省市乡村人口的城镇化质量已经超越部分内地省市城镇人口的城镇化质量。建议更新对城镇化的认识和评价标准,探索在城镇化发达的地区调整城—乡二元体制的新途径,促进中国城镇化的健康发展。