全量化收集粪污厌氧发酵失稳过程中微生物群落动态变化及生态集群组装模式

通过高通量测序技术分析了全量化粪污厌氧发酵在稳定、抑制和崩溃3个阶段的微生物菌群动态变化情况,结合微生物互作网络构建,识别互作网络中关键生态集群及组装模式,以期为全量化粪污沼气工程稳定运行提供理论依据和数据支撑。结果表明:(1)在细菌门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势菌门,在各样品中相对丰度合计占比为96.0%。(2)在细菌属水平上,相对丰度较高的菌属为瘤胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium)、狭义梭菌属类群I(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1)等。(3)在古菌属水平上,甲烷短杆菌属(Methanobrevibacter)、甲烷球形菌属(Methanosphaera)和甲烷袋状菌属(Methanoculleus)为优势菌属,在各样品中相对丰度合计占比为96.5%。(4)微生物互作网络分析揭示,全量化粪污厌氧发酵过程中的功能集群主要划分为3个模块(模块1~模块3),微生物群落在厌氧发酵受到抑制时会产生应激性调整;在产气稳定期,模块1占据主导地位,厌氧发酵系统的水解酸化菌与产甲烷菌间的协同良好,无明显的小分子挥发酸累积现象,可稳定水解产酸;在产气崩溃期,模块2、模块3的相对丰度大幅提升,并占据了模块1的生态位;微生物通过增加乙酸、丙酸等挥发性有机酸氧化菌的相对丰度和嗜酸产甲烷能力,缓解小分子挥发酸和氨氮的胁迫。

一种李萨如图形的作法

本文介绍了使李萨如图形稳定、准确的一种作法，即频率比与相位差的控制。

Design of research platform on telerobot system based on virtual reality technology

A design strategy for a research platform of a telepresence telerobot system based on virtual reality technology is put forward. The design frame of the system is described, and its important core techniques are described. An octrees data structure is utilized to build kinematic and dynamic modeling of the virtual simulation environment, Delphi+OpenGL+3DS MAX are adopted to carry through the virtual modeling and visible simulation exploitation of the slave-robot and its environment. Photo-correction is adopted to correct positioning deviation of the virtual geometric model and modeling errors. The cost of software and hardware equipment for the research platform realized is low. The master/slave robot (manipulator) system and all software in the system were designed and manufactured by our research group. The performance of the system has reached the level required for research. An indispensable experiment base is provided for the research of a telepresence telerobot system based on virtual reality technology.

Situation and Operation of Three Major Grain Crops Production and Its Industrial Development Strategies in Shiyan

In order to explore the sistuation and operation for the production with three major grain crops： corn, wheat, rice in city Shiyan, Hubei province, the basic information of rural areas, the types of business model and economic benefits through sampling survey of six areas with 314 households included in Shiyan were investigated in research. According to the actual problems existing in grain crops production and management, we raised points： to promote the grain industrial mechanism building actively, to improve agricultural infrastructure, to strengthen the management of land transfer, to accelerate scientific, technological progress and innovation and so on. Most importantly, we proposed the future development direction of three grain crops respectively, which is aimed to provide a reference for the develpoment of three grain croos in Shiyan in the future.

Application Study of Rough Set in Remote Sensing for Crops

[Objective] This study aimed to improve classification accuracy of RS images using rough set theory in the growth of crops. [Method] Technique methods of data mining and knowledge discovery have been used. The development status of spatial data mining and knowledge discovery （SDMKD） is presented and data mining techniques in remote sensing were deeply analyzed. Then, SDMKD of TM image are researched using method of rough set, mainly including four methods （rough set, apriori algorithms, inductive learning, clustering）. [Result] The proposed method raises efficiency of land use and land reclaim. Based on the SDMKD, the characteristics of TM showed that the information after using rough set is more intensive than that of none. Especially, much better results can be gained while kinds of corps are less than five. [Conclusion] This study laid significant basis for further research on data mining in the growth of crops.

The critical realism of the novels of Haruki Murakami

Haruki Murakami is a serious belles-lettres writer with a title of petty bourgeois. With calm perspective, his writing points to the profound problems of human society, and also criticizes and analyses the history of World War II which is a closely guarded secret to most Japanese. The important topics of his literature are generally about the exposure of human nature under special time background, various deep problems accompanying with modern civilization, and the wounds brought to human by wars.

Multiple subtraction method based on a non-causal matching filter

The filter operator used in normal multichannel matching filter is physically realizable. This filter operator only delays seismic data in the filtering process. A non- causal multichannel matching filter based on a least squares criterion is proposed to resolve the problem in which predicted multiple model data is later than real data. The differences between causal and non-causal multichannel matching filters are compared using a synthetic shot gather, which demonstrates the validity of the non-causal matching filter. In addition, a variable length sliding window which changes with offset and layer velocity is proposed to solve the count of events increasing with increasing offset in a fixed length sliding window. This variable length sliding window is also introduced into the modified and expanded multichannel matching filter. This method is applied to the Pluto1.5 synthetic data set. The benefits of the non-causal filter operator and variable length sliding window are demonstrated by the good multiple attenuation result.

Evaluation and improvement of wastewater treatment plant performance using BioWin

In this study,the activated sludge model implemented in the BioWin software was validated against full-scale wastewater treatment plant data. Only two stoichiometric parameters(Y p /acetic and the heterotrophic yield(Y H)) required calibration. The value 0.42 was used for Yp /acetic in this study,while the default value of the BioWin software is 0.49,making it comparable with the default values of the corresponding parameter(yield of phosphorus release to substrate uptake(YPO4)) used in ASM2,ASM2 d,and ASM3 P,respectively. Three scenarios were evaluated to improve the performance of the wastewater treatment plant,the possibility of wasting sludge from either the aeration tank or the secondary clarifier,the construction of a new oxidation ditch,and the construction of an equalization tank. The results suggest that construction of a new oxidation ditch or an equalization tank for the wastewater treatment plant is not necessary. However,sludge should be wasted from the aeration tank during wet weather to reduce the solids loading of the clarifiers and avoid effluent violations. Therefore,it is recommended that the design of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) should include flexibility to operate the plants in various modes. This is helpful in selection of the appropriate operating mode when necessary,resulting in substantial reductions in operating costs.

对民间剧作家现状的思考 以福建民间剧作家林亚善为例

了解戏曲现状的人都知道,由于老戏大量失传,编剧队伍日渐萎缩,无论国有剧团还是民营剧团都面临着日益严重的剧本荒。戏曲要生存、发展,解决剧本荒迫在眉睫。值得关注的是,在我国不少地区,出现了一批不拿政府薪酬、主要为民营剧团写戏并以此为生的编剧者，笔者称之为民间剧作家。这个群体在相当程度上缓解了剧本荒带来的压力，支撑着民间的戏曲舞台。

Emergent Swarming States in Active Particles System with Opposite Anisotropic Interactions

From the organization of animal flocks to the emergence of swarming behaviors in bacterial suspension,populations of motile organisms at all scales display coherent collective motion.Recent studies showed that the anisotropic interaction between active particles plays a key role in the phase behaviors.Here we investigate the collective behaviors of based-active Janus particles that experience an anisotropic interaction of which the orientation is opposite to the direction of active force by using Langevin dynamics simulations in two dimensional space.Interestingly,the system shows emergence of collective swarming states upon increasing the total area fraction of particles,which is not observed in systems without anisotropic interaction or activity.The threshold for emergence of swarming states decreases as particle activity or interaction strength increases.We have also performed basic kinetic analysis to reproduce the essential features of the simulation results.Our results demonstrate that anisotropic interactions at the individual level are sufficient to set homogeneous active particles into stable directed motion.

Mitigation of blast loadings on structures by an anti-blast plastic water wall

Seven in-situ tests were carried out in far field to study the blast mitigation effect of a kind of water filled plastic wall. Test results show that the mitigation effect of water filled plastic wall is remarkable. The maximum reduction of peak reflected overpressure reaches up to 94.53%, as well as 36.3% of the minimum peak reflected overpressure reduction in the scaled distance ranging from 1.71 m/kg1/3 to 3.42 m/kg1/3. Parametric studies were also carried out. The effects of the scaled gauge height, water/charge scaled distance(the distance between the explosive charge and the water wall), water wall scaled height and water/structure scaled distance(the distance between the water wall and the structure) were systematically investigated and compared with the usual rigid anti-blast wall. It is concluded that these parameters affect the mitigation effects of plastic water wall on blast loadings significantly, which is basically consistent to the trend of usual rigid anti-blast wall. Some formulae are also derived based on the numerical and test results, providing a simple but reliable prediction model to evaluate the peak overpressure of mitigated blast loadings on the structures.

A robotic tele-drill system over network using predictive display

Based on a robotic telesurgery system whose function is to liberate doctor from X-ray radiation, a robotic tele-drill system is constructed. The system is in client/server structure. Client part includes main control interface, video-audio interface and predictive display interface. Server part includes robot control server and video, audio server. For applying to teleoperation, a virtual reality environment of the system developed by using Java, Java 3D, Pro/E, etc. is established. The geometry and kinematics model of serial robot MOTOMAN sv3x, parallel robot, C-type arm and X-ray machine, surgery bed and its work environment are fulfilled in it. Simulation engine and its simulation syntax are finished, which made the environment controllable. This environment is used as predictive display interface in the telerobotics in order to tackling the problem in visualization feedback as ambiguous or time delay. Experiments that verified feasibility of the system have been done.

Combination of telomerase antisense oligonucleotides simultaneously targeting hTR and hTERT produces synergism of inhibition of telomerase activity and growth in human colon cancer cell line

AIM: To investigate synergism of inhibition of telomerase activity and proliferation of human colon cancer cells by combination of telomerase antisense oligonucleotides (ASODNs) simultaneously targeting human telomerase RNA (hTR) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in vitro. METHODS: ASODN of hTR and ASODN of hTERT were transfected into human colon cancer SW480 cells by liposomal transfection reagents. Telomerase activity of SW480 cells was examined using telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). Proliferation activity of SW480 cells was tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The telomerase activity and cell survival rate in SW480 cells transfected with 0.2 μmol/L of ASODN of hTR or ASODN of hTERT for 24-72 h were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner compared with those after treatment with sense oligonucleotides and untreated (telomerase activity: 24 h, 73%, 74% vs99%, 98%; 48 h, 61%, 55% vs98%, 99%; 72 h, 41%, 37% vs 99%, 97%; P<0.01; cell survival rate: 24 h, 88%, 86% vs594%, 98%; 48 h, 49%, 47% vs94%, 97%; 72 h, 44%, 42% vs92%, 96%; P<0.01). Moreover, the telomerase activity and the cell survival rate in SW480 cells treated by the combination of telomerase anti-hTR and anti-hTERT were more significantly suppressed than single anti-hTR or anti-hTERT (telomerase activity: 24 h, 59% vs 73%, 74%; 48 h, 43% vs61%, 55%; 72 h, 18% vs41%, 37%; P<0.01; cell survival rate: 24 h, 64% vs88%, 86%; 48 h, 37% vs49%, 47%; 72 h, 25% vs44%, 42%; P<0.01). Meanwhile, the apoptosis rates in the combination group were markedly increased compared with those in the single group (24 h, 18.0% vs7.2%, 7.4%; 48 h, 23.0% vs13.0%, 14.0%; 72 h, 28.6% vs 13.2%, 13.75; P<0.01). Cells in combination group were arrested at G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION: Telomerase anti-hRT and anti-hTERT suppress telomerase activity, and inhibit growth of human colon cancer cells probably via induction of apoptosis and retardation of cell cycle. Additionally, combined use of telomerase ASODNs targeting both hTR and hTERT yields synergistic action selective for human colon cancer.

Forms of Rare Earth Elements in Soils: Ⅱ. Differentiation of Rare Earth Elements

The present paper deals mainly with the relationships between the distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in different forms in soils and the atomic number and with the odd-even phenomenon in the distribution of ionic lanthanides in soils.The enrichment tendency of light REE relative to heavy REE in soils was pointed out on the experimental results about the proportions of Ce-group and Y-group elements in different REE forms in soils.Meanwhile,the differentiation of Tm in different soil REE forms was compared and the reasons why Tm is enriched in soils were preliminarily discussed.

Study on the mechanism of coal liquefaction reaction and a new process concept

The coal hydrogenation reaction process is simply considered as three steps.In the first step,the smaller molecules associated with coal structure units are released as some gases and water in the condition of solvent and heating.In this step,some weaker bonds of the coal structure units are ruptured to form free radicals.The radicals are stabi- lized by hydrogen atoms from donor solvent and/or H2.In the second step,chain reaction occurs quickly.In the process of chain reaction,the covalent bonds of coal structure units are attacked by the radicals to form some asphaltenes.In the third step,asphaltenes are hydrogenated form more liquids and some gases.In coal liquefaction,the second step of coal hydrogenation reaction should be controlled to avoid integration of radicals,and the third step of coal hydrogenation should be accelerated to increase the coal conversion and the oil yield.A new concept of coal liquefaction process named as China direct coal lique- faction (CDCL) process is presented based on the mechanism study of coal liquefaction.

Non-classical Algorithm for Time Series Prediction of the Range of Economic Phenomena With Regard to the Interaction of Financial Market Indicators

The aim of the article is to present non-clasical copyrighted algorithm for prediction of time series, presenting macroeconomic indicators and stock market indices. The algorithm is based on artificial neural networks and multi-resolution analysis （the algorithm is based on Daubechies wavelet）. However, the main feature of the algorithm, which gives a good quality of the forecasts, is all included in the series analysis division into, a few partial under-series and prediction dependence on a number of other economic series. The algorithm used for the prediction, is copyrighted algorithm, labeled M.H-D in this article. Application of the algorithm was performed on a series presenting WIG 20. The forecast of WIG 20 was conditional on trading the Dow Jones, DAX, Nikkei, Hang Seng, taking into account the sliding time window. As an example application of copyrighted model, the forecast of WIG 20 for a period of two years, one year, six month was appointed. An empirical example is described. It shows that the proposed model can predict index with the scale of two years, one year, a half year and other intervals. Precision of prediction is satisfactory. An average absolute percentage error of each forecast was： 0.0099%---for two-year forecasts WIG 20; 0.0552%--for the annual forecast WIG 20; and 0.1788%---for the six-month forecasts WIG 20.

Culture Through Prism of Engaged Poetry

The paper is actually a literary research on （re）constructing cultural image of post-yugoslavian society, formed through literary sources, i.e., poetry. Using examples of award-winning young authors--Bojan Krivokapic, Mirko Bozic, and Sima Majic, different types of so-called engaged poetry are indicated. This kind of poetry is used to subtly, critically, or in a very subversive way relate to the existing world, but also a new postmodern identity is formed through specific and carefully chosen poetic lexis, deprived of any kind of structure or limitation. The poetry of mentioned authors is used as a provisory example in order to indicate that post-war period （as well as postmodern time） changes the perception of identity, from nationally and politically oriented structure to individual and subversive, conventions-free comprehension of Oneself. Although the three authors are very different in style and expression, what brings them together is tendency to escape conventional and traditional cultural images in order to emphasize the importance of Being Different, but Equally Rightful.

Optimization for Planning Programs of Fire Stations in Main Districts of Hangzhou Based on GIS Analysis

As an important part of the city＇s compfehensive disaster prevention and alleviation security system, dty fite control system has diawn increasing attention 〇￡ the community. The planning of dty fife stations is an important safeguard to improve the city fire security. Whetiief the planning is scientific and rational will affect the fire security of the entire dty directly. In this papei; road networks were built based on GIS, the service range of fire stations was calculated based on time cost, and the planning of fire stations in main districts of Hangzhou was evaluated in terms of security, efficiency,and balance The results showed that this planning made significant improvements in security and balance of fke fighting service provided by the main districts of Hangzhou, but few improvements were high in efficiency. On. tiie whole, Xiacheng District did the best job in fire control, and Xihu District was expected to make efforts to improve its fire security.

Mitigating ROP Attacks via ARM-Specific In-Place Instruction Randomization

Defending against return-oriented programing(ROP) attacks is extremely challenging for modern operating systems.As the most popular mobile OS running on ARM,Android is even more vulnerable to ROP attacks due to its weak implementation of ASLR and the absence of effective control-flow integrity enforcement.In this paper,leveraging specific ARM features,an instruction randomization strategy to mitigate ROP attacks in Android even with the threat of single pointer leakage vulnerabilities is proposed.By popping out more registers in functions' epilogue instructions and reallocating registers in function scopes,branch targets in all(direct and indirect) branch instructions potential to be ROP gadgets are changed randomly.Without the knowledge of binaries' runtime instructions layout,adversary's repeated control flow transfer in ROP exploits will be subverted.Furthermore,this instruction randomization idea has been implemented in both Android Dalvik runtime and ART.Corresponding evaluations proved it is capable to introduce enough randomness for more than 99% discovered functions and thwart about 95% ROP gadgets in application's shared libraries and oat file compiled from Dalvik bytecode.Besides,evaluations on real-world exploits also confirmed its effectiveness on mitigating ROP attacks within acceptable performance overhead.

Realizing Official Statistics on Accidents at Work in Norway

Statistics Norway has been engaged in the development of official statistics on accidents at work for the last ten years and represents Norway in international bodies like Eurostat working groups. Some of the work was documented and presented back in 2011 at the ISI Dublin convention and a review of further developments the last four years could shed even more light over the efforts made. There has been implemented a new data collection system at the national level that involves data and files based on forms for reporting accidents at work being sent from the Norwegian Labour and Welfare Administration （NLW） to Statistics Norway. Nevertheless there are still some challenges to be met. These include the use of different versions of the NLW forms, the scanning and extraction of data in the NLW, the implementation of a secure electronic solution for transmitting data between the NLW and Statistics Norway, the reading and interpretation of tiff-files and the lessons to be learned from other countries. The ambition is that Statistics Norway produces methodological sound official statistics on accidents at work within the first half of 2015 and transmits data and files to Eurostat that are necessary and sufficient to fulfil EU regulations within the first half of 2016.