Twelve steroids, including eight ergostane-type sterols and four mono-glucosides of ergostane-type sterols, were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus ( Jacq. : Fr.) Kummer...Twelve steroids, including eight ergostane-type sterols and four mono-glucosides of ergostane-type sterols, were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus ( Jacq. : Fr.) Kummer. A new compound 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-5alpha, 6beta, 9alpha-triol, was structurally elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The eleven known compounds were 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta, 9alpha-tetraol; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-5alpha, 6beta-diol; 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol; 22E, 24R-ergosta-5, 7, 22-trien-3beta-ol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; ergosterol; 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta-ol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta-ol; 22E, 24R-ergosta-4, 6, 8, 22-tetraen-3-one; 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6alpha-triol; ergosterol peroxide; 22E, 24R-ergosta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha-diol-6-one.展开更多
In order to research on the design and implementation of a modernized GPS civil signals simulation system,a brief review of the modernized GPS signals is introduced,including the signal structure and characteristics o...In order to research on the design and implementation of a modernized GPS civil signals simulation system,a brief review of the modernized GPS signals is introduced,including the signal structure and characteristics of L2C,L5 and L1C signals.The design and implementation of the main modules of the simulation system is described in detail.The simulation system is mainly composed of parameter setting,system initialization,signal generator,noise generator,disturbance generator,signal synthesis,low-pass filter,A/D conversion and storage.The simulation results based on Matlab are then presented,and the power spectral density（PSD） of all navigation signals is analyzed.The simulation system completes the physical layer simulation of a modernized GPS new civil signal and can provide a controllable signal source for designing and testing of modernized GPS civil receivers,especially for the signal processing algorithm design of the GPS software receiver.展开更多
Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilize...Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilizer recommendations for paddy fields. PFRS utilized geographical information system (GIS) ActiveX Controls, enabling the user to select a location of interest linked to a spatial database of paddy field soil characteristics. The application package also incorporated different soil fertilizer recommendation methods, forming a relational database. The application's structure consisted primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL) constructed during run-time, based on user provided spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of soil desired and paddy production criteria. PFRS, which was comprised of five modules including: File, View, Edit, Layer and Fertilizer/Model, provided the user with map-based fertilizer recommendations based on selected soil nutrient P and K map layers as well as N characteristics and land use maps.展开更多
China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent y...China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent years,China is poised to attain agricultural and rural modernization by 2035,but progress will vary considerably across regions and sectors.A transition towards an agricultural powerhouse is the only path towards agricultural modernization.Being a large agricultural producer,China has yet to qualify as an agricultural powerhouse in terms of agricultural sufficiency,competitiveness,innovation,and sustainability.From the mid-and long-term perspective,our agricultural modernization should proceed in light of China’s rural reform experience,focusing on food security,agricultural industry,green transition,and agri-tech.With a regionally differentiated approach,China should aim to basically achieve agricultural and rural modernization in about 15 years and complete the transition towards an agricultural powerhouse in 20 years from 2020.展开更多
After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the st...After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the stability of the nascent government,and helped stabilize the economy and restore public order after then.In the era of the planned economy,public finance in the country was put at the service of economic plans while striving to reach a fiscal equilibrium,which was of great significance at that time.Economic equilibrium,including fiscal,credit and material equilibrium,was perceived as a manifestation of macroeconomic stability.Problems encountered during the era of the planned economy led to the launch of a reform and opening-up program-a brilliant chapter in modern Chinese history.The Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee marks a brand-new era of reform and opening-up.In this transformative period,China’s fiscal system was initially decentralized to keep abreast of its“planned commodity economy.”After the goal of socialist market economic reform was announced in 1992,China’s fiscal reforms embarked on a fast track.As China'strived to build a public finance system compatible with a socialist market economic system,fiscal reforms took place and fiscal policy played a more important role in macroeconomic regulation.The Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 set the goal of the reform to establish a modern fiscal system.Afterwards,China deepened its fiscal reforms,focusing on budget management,taxation and reform of central-local fiscal relations.展开更多
In China’s modernization drive, coordinated regional development and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects have been two mutually reinforcing dimensions. The three shifts of China’s princip...In China’s modernization drive, coordinated regional development and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects have been two mutually reinforcing dimensions. The three shifts of China’s principal social contradiction have responded to evolving needs of its regional development. Throughout various stages, the strategy of coordinated regional development has promoted the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects in its concept formation, implementation and upcoming completion, which has reinforced regional coordination in return. In striving to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, China has increased its economic base, balanced its regional development, narrowed regional disparities, and increased equal access to essential public services.展开更多
The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to ...The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.展开更多
China is setting out on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects after achieving moderate prosperity.Modern services are an important part of China’s economy,underpinning China’s developm...China is setting out on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects after achieving moderate prosperity.Modern services are an important part of China’s economy,underpinning China’s development towards a great modern socialist country.Globalization,industrial development,urbanization,innovation and income growth will drive China’s service sector development.By 2035,the service sector will account for 60.98%and 59.12%of total value-added and employment,respectively,and labor productivity in the service sector will rise from 145,500 yuan/person in 2019 to 282,300 yuan/person.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for“basically achieving the vision of socialist modernization by 2035.”According to the CPC Central Committee’s overall arrangements for the 2035 vision,we must identify a clear strategic position and tasks for the development of modern services as a key element of the modern industrial system,enhance service sector competitiveness,and achieve service sector modernization.To achieve this strategic goal,we must promote digitalized,intelligent,platform-based,standardized,and quality-oriented service sector development.We must give play to the decisive role of the market and the macro-regulatory role of the government in spurring service innovation,industry integration and clustering,and service sector reform and openness.展开更多
Starting with a discussion of development concepts which were applied in practice and which followed the developmentalist paradigm the expansion of traffic infrastructure in colonial and post-colonial periods is prese...Starting with a discussion of development concepts which were applied in practice and which followed the developmentalist paradigm the expansion of traffic infrastructure in colonial and post-colonial periods is presented for the High Asian mountain rim. Selective railways and roads are the major feature of this development, which aimed first on serving the convenience of hill station visitors and followed strategic considerations later on. This bias between regional planning and implementation remains a characteristic feature. At the same time traffic infrastructure without asphalt roads is important for the mountain areas, thus breaking up the strong correlation between development and asphalt roads.展开更多
Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunn...Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.展开更多
The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a l...The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China’s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41104015)Foundation of Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology of Ministry of Education (No.201011)
文摘In order to research on the design and implementation of a modernized GPS civil signals simulation system,a brief review of the modernized GPS signals is introduced,including the signal structure and characteristics of L2C,L5 and L1C signals.The design and implementation of the main modules of the simulation system is described in detail.The simulation system is mainly composed of parameter setting,system initialization,signal generator,noise generator,disturbance generator,signal synthesis,low-pass filter,A/D conversion and storage.The simulation results based on Matlab are then presented,and the power spectral density（PSD） of all navigation signals is analyzed.The simulation system completes the physical layer simulation of a modernized GPS new civil signal and can provide a controllable signal source for designing and testing of modernized GPS civil receivers,especially for the signal processing algorithm design of the GPS software receiver.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40001008) the China-British Higher Education Links (No. SHA/992/297).
文摘Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilizer recommendations for paddy fields. PFRS utilized geographical information system (GIS) ActiveX Controls, enabling the user to select a location of interest linked to a spatial database of paddy field soil characteristics. The application package also incorporated different soil fertilizer recommendation methods, forming a relational database. The application's structure consisted primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL) constructed during run-time, based on user provided spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of soil desired and paddy production criteria. PFRS, which was comprised of five modules including: File, View, Edit, Layer and Fertilizer/Model, provided the user with map-based fertilizer recommendations based on selected soil nutrient P and K map layers as well as N characteristics and land use maps.
文摘China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent years,China is poised to attain agricultural and rural modernization by 2035,but progress will vary considerably across regions and sectors.A transition towards an agricultural powerhouse is the only path towards agricultural modernization.Being a large agricultural producer,China has yet to qualify as an agricultural powerhouse in terms of agricultural sufficiency,competitiveness,innovation,and sustainability.From the mid-and long-term perspective,our agricultural modernization should proceed in light of China’s rural reform experience,focusing on food security,agricultural industry,green transition,and agri-tech.With a regionally differentiated approach,China should aim to basically achieve agricultural and rural modernization in about 15 years and complete the transition towards an agricultural powerhouse in 20 years from 2020.
文摘After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the stability of the nascent government,and helped stabilize the economy and restore public order after then.In the era of the planned economy,public finance in the country was put at the service of economic plans while striving to reach a fiscal equilibrium,which was of great significance at that time.Economic equilibrium,including fiscal,credit and material equilibrium,was perceived as a manifestation of macroeconomic stability.Problems encountered during the era of the planned economy led to the launch of a reform and opening-up program-a brilliant chapter in modern Chinese history.The Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee marks a brand-new era of reform and opening-up.In this transformative period,China’s fiscal system was initially decentralized to keep abreast of its“planned commodity economy.”After the goal of socialist market economic reform was announced in 1992,China’s fiscal reforms embarked on a fast track.As China'strived to build a public finance system compatible with a socialist market economic system,fiscal reforms took place and fiscal policy played a more important role in macroeconomic regulation.The Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 set the goal of the reform to establish a modern fiscal system.Afterwards,China deepened its fiscal reforms,focusing on budget management,taxation and reform of central-local fiscal relations.
文摘In China’s modernization drive, coordinated regional development and the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects have been two mutually reinforcing dimensions. The three shifts of China’s principal social contradiction have responded to evolving needs of its regional development. Throughout various stages, the strategy of coordinated regional development has promoted the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects in its concept formation, implementation and upcoming completion, which has reinforced regional coordination in return. In striving to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, China has increased its economic base, balanced its regional development, narrowed regional disparities, and increased equal access to essential public services.
文摘The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.
文摘China is setting out on a new journey of building a modern socialist country in all respects after achieving moderate prosperity.Modern services are an important part of China’s economy,underpinning China’s development towards a great modern socialist country.Globalization,industrial development,urbanization,innovation and income growth will drive China’s service sector development.By 2035,the service sector will account for 60.98%and 59.12%of total value-added and employment,respectively,and labor productivity in the service sector will rise from 145,500 yuan/person in 2019 to 282,300 yuan/person.The Fifth Plenum of the 19th CPC Central Committee called for“basically achieving the vision of socialist modernization by 2035.”According to the CPC Central Committee’s overall arrangements for the 2035 vision,we must identify a clear strategic position and tasks for the development of modern services as a key element of the modern industrial system,enhance service sector competitiveness,and achieve service sector modernization.To achieve this strategic goal,we must promote digitalized,intelligent,platform-based,standardized,and quality-oriented service sector development.We must give play to the decisive role of the market and the macro-regulatory role of the government in spurring service innovation,industry integration and clustering,and service sector reform and openness.
文摘Starting with a discussion of development concepts which were applied in practice and which followed the developmentalist paradigm the expansion of traffic infrastructure in colonial and post-colonial periods is presented for the High Asian mountain rim. Selective railways and roads are the major feature of this development, which aimed first on serving the convenience of hill station visitors and followed strategic considerations later on. This bias between regional planning and implementation remains a characteristic feature. At the same time traffic infrastructure without asphalt roads is important for the mountain areas, thus breaking up the strong correlation between development and asphalt roads.
文摘Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.
文摘The critical issue of China’s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China’s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.
