农业现代化的实践与探索——以南京市六合区竹镇镇现代农业发展为例

通过对江苏省南京市六合区竹镇镇农业现代化发展的调查,系统研究了该镇农业现代化的发展路径和模式。该镇在农业现代化发展中,加快了土地流转和改造;加强了基础设施建设;提升了农业装备水平;充分利用农业科技示范引领作用;着力培育新型农业经营主体;调整农业产业结构,促进农民增收。在发展模式上注重打造循环农业模式、生态农业模式、特粮精准农业模式、休闲农业模式。在规划建设、资本引进、品牌建设、农民增收、获得荣誉方面卓有成效,但仍然存在着农民组织化程度低、设施装备水平低、农产品加工率低等问题。提出了继续加快土地流转、提高农业规模水平、扶持发展农产品加工、加强农产品销售、发展品牌农业、互联网+农业等建议。

开封市构建现代农业“三体系”的思考

本文通过对开封市农业“三体系”现状的分析,发现开封市农业“三体系”中存在产业链条短、产品附加值低、产量增加中部分农产品出现暂时性或阶段性过剩、农业经营规模过小以及出口产品市场相对较窄等问题。同时,提出在产业链上进行延伸,在农产品加工业方面加大投入、在休闲农业和乡村旅游上加大投资力度、构建农村现代商品市场体系、支持龙头企业发挥示范引领作用、创新发展订单农业等措施,为开封市构建现代农业体系的发展提供参考意义。

山西省中等职业教育专业建设现状分析及发展对策

对全省322所中等职业学校的专业设置、分布与结构的基本情况进行分析表明,山西省中等职业教育专业建设中存在着通用类、文科类专业设置过多,专业结构服务经济转型发展仍显滞后,涉农专业发展能力弱,新兴专业开发培育力度不足等问题。促进山西中等职业教育发展,应完善政府统筹的专业建设管理机制,调整优化专业结构和布局,培育现代农业专业建设,加大新兴新技术专业的开发力度,全面推进中高职专业建设的有效链接。

加快尼勒克县跨越式发展的思考

加快尼勒克县跨越式发展,应从四个方面实现突破,一是依托资源优势,引进大企业、大集团,强势推进新型工业化建设步伐。主要加快发展煤化工产业;加快发展水电、煤电产业;加快优势矿产勘探开发;加快改造提升传统产业;进一步加大选商引资力度;加快工业园区和产业基地建设。二是围绕农牧民增收这个核心,大力发展现代农业。主要是优先发展现代畜牧业,培育增收主导产业;以提高效益为核心,大力发展高效种植业;围绕生态富民目标,全面推进林果业发展;加快发展劳务经济,努力提高农牧民非农产业收入;加快社会主义新农村建设进程,改善农牧区生产生活环境;建立健全保障措施,强化"三农"服务功能。三是以提升旅游业为重点,加快发展第三产业。四是加快生态型城镇建设,促进社会经济和谐发展。

推进科教兴农 增加资源效益

近年来,建瓯市小桥镇认真实施“星火”、“丰收”、“燎原”计划,大力推进农业产业化,使传统农业向“两高一优”现化农业转化。农业增长中依靠科技进步因素达到50％,农业先进适应技术覆盖面达85％,农作物优良品种覆盖面达95％。1998年虽受“6.22”特大洪灾,仍实现年农业总产值12648万元,比增2％,乡镇企业总产值42800万元,比增6％,农民纯收入3420元,比增3％的好成绩。

我国处在社会主义初级阶段

十五大报告指出,社会主义是共产主义的初级阶段,而中国现在正处在社会主义的初级阶段——不发达阶段。 社会主义初级阶段,是逐步摆脱不发达状态,基本实现社会主义现代化的历史阶段;是由农业人口占很大比重、主要依靠手工劳动的农业国,逐步转变为非农业人口占多数。

China’s Agricultural Modernization Strategy towards 2035

China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent years,China is poised to attain agricultural and rural modernization by 2035,but progress will vary considerably across regions and sectors.A transition towards an agricultural powerhouse is the only path towards agricultural modernization.Being a large agricultural producer,China has yet to qualify as an agricultural powerhouse in terms of agricultural sufficiency,competitiveness,innovation,and sustainability.From the mid-and long-term perspective,our agricultural modernization should proceed in light of China’s rural reform experience,focusing on food security,agricultural industry,green transition,and agri-tech.With a regionally differentiated approach,China should aim to basically achieve agricultural and rural modernization in about 15 years and complete the transition towards an agricultural powerhouse in 20 years from 2020.

Environmental Issues Related to Chemical Fertilizer Use in China

The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.

A GIS-Based Database Management Package for Fertilizer Recommendations in Paddy Fields

Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilizer recommendations for paddy fields. PFRS utilized geographical information system (GIS) ActiveX Controls, enabling the user to select a location of interest linked to a spatial database of paddy field soil characteristics. The application package also incorporated different soil fertilizer recommendation methods, forming a relational database. The application's structure consisted primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL) constructed during run-time, based on user provided spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of soil desired and paddy production criteria. PFRS, which was comprised of five modules including: File, View, Edit, Layer and Fertilizer/Model, provided the user with map-based fertilizer recommendations based on selected soil nutrient P and K map layers as well as N characteristics and land use maps.

Coping with Pressures of Modernization by Traditional Farmers: a Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Yunnan, China

Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.

Modeling Farm Management Modernization： Case Study of Japanese Rice Farming Corporations

While conventional family-owned and family-operated farms remain the most common structure, the number of Japanese agricultural corporations has increased in recent years as a result of changing policies. Some of them are possibly starting to adopt modem corporate management practices to remain viable in a more competitive environment. However, changes in the business structure have not always been accompanied by changes in farm management practices. This study represents a theoretical and empirical investigation into farm modernization practices to provide perspective and recommendations to enhance farm business. Various aspects of farm modernization were considered, including temporal, economic and functional modernization. Critical elements of farm modernization were examined using a structural equation model of surveys, wherein questionnaires were delivered to 2,260 agricultural corporations across Japan in 2014 and 2016, generating 669 usable responses from rice farming corporations. Overall, these corporations demonstrated moderate degrees of modernization, indicating that they have not yet completely transitioned from conventional management styles to modem corporate management and that the farm-household complex system still exists for many of them. It was also found that farm modernization is significantly affected by both production and business management systems, although it was unclear whether a farmer＇s managerial capabilities were critical for farm modernization. The findings of this study indicate that current farming corporations may benefit from incorporating additional modernization practices. The analytical framework and results will help farmers to better understand their management practices and can be used to provide ideas for policy development to promote competitive farm businesses.

Farmland Capitalization an Urgen issue in Institutional Reform

Developing modern agriculture is an important aspect of urban and rural integration. Chintz has adopted a new, highly compatible, multipronged approach. Judgingfrom current agricultural and rural policies, factors like capital, labor and land will continue to interact and revolve. The transformation of China＇s rural land tenure system is at a critical posifion in the overall strategy of developing tile rural economy. However, rural institutional reform will inevitably be constrained by the path and pattern China＇s industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization take. Creating a new pattern of urban and rural socioeconomic integration requires reform and improvement of rural grassroots governance structure. The interaction and reconsolidation of the factors have again become intertwined with the superstructure of rural society and will inevitably affect the direction and pace of rural grassroots governance structural reJbrm. Protecting the economic interests of farmers while respecting their democratic rights will always be at the heart of agricultural modernization.

A Historical Overview of China's Upgrading of Its Industrial Structure

This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.

Thought on the Implementation of Agricultural Standardization in the Grain Production and Modern Agriculture

The construction of Grain Production Functional Zone and Modern Agicultural Zone （Two Zones for short） plays a key role in the development of modern agriculture and solving the quantity and quality problems of agricultural products. The Two Zones serves as the important form and carrier of agricultural standardization and the agricultural standardization provides means and ways for it. The paper puts forward the suggestions and solutions for agricultural standardization in Two Zones in the aspects of boosting standards innovation projects, management and so forth.

Agriculture

Domestic grain prices to meet international levels next year China will increase do- mestic grain prices to interna- tional standards,said Zhang Xiaoqiang,vice chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC) on November in Beijing.

Discussion on China ＇s Agricultural Development during 2011-2015

During the 11th Five-year Plan period, China＇s agricultural productivity improved on all levels; the contribution rate of technologies to agriculture rose steadily, the agricultural service system was gradually restored and agricultural policy regimes were consummated. However, China＇s sustainable agricultural development faces severe tests such as agri-tech ＂short slabs＂ and poor collaborative operation. The 12＇h Five- year Plan period will bring both strategic opportunities and challenges. Brisker market demands and more agricultural inputs, a higher technical level and better policy regimes will drive development. On the other hand, agriculture will be confronted with more resource and environment constraints, fewer traditional comparative advantages and hidden hazards, etc. Over the next five years, China should stay its course to agricultural modernization based on its national conditions and the sustainable development concept and establish a ＂broad interpretation of grain security＂ to improve the productivity, risk- resistance capabilities and market competitiveness of its agricultural industry.

Research on the Shaanxi Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization Coordinated Development Pattern based on Game Theory

In this paper, we research on the Shaanxi urbanization and agricultural modernization coordinated development pattern based on the game theory. At present, the industrialization and the urbanization, agricultural modernization in our country obviously lags behind, which hindered the synchronous development of them. Therefore, with the internal relations between the empirical researches, we explore influence of industrialization and urbanization of agricultural modernization and path, to promote three synchronous developments which have important practical significance. Based on vector autoregressive model and game thinking, at the same time, we analysis the influence degree of the industrialization and urbanization of agricultural modernization and path in order to provide experience for the synchronous development of reference.

Regional diversity of agricultural labor productivity and its driving force in east China

China＇s eastern area is at middle and later stage of industrialization during which the relation between urban and rural areas, industry, and agriculture appears maladjusted. The main problems are shrinkage in agricultural comparative earning and lack of driving force of agricultural development. Based on calculating agricultural labor productivity in east China from 1996 to 2005, this paper analyzes contributing degree of motive forces of agriculture develop in ten provinces and cities of east China applying GCA （Grey correlative analysis）. The results show that there is no absolute correspondence between the level of industrialization and agricultural labor productivity in China＇s eastern area. There is no synchronous development between industry and agricultural labor productiviry in some areas. Fertilizer and agricultural machinery input had high contributing degree for ten years; however; contributing degree in land and irrigation work input was low. Non-materialization inputs became the leading role in most provinces and cities＇ increase of agricultural labor productivity. Modern agricultural development need non-materialization inputs as primary motive force, at the same time, direct material input and facility input as guaranteed function. For some reasons, agricultural development is characterized by ＂more direct material input, less facility input ＂ in east China now. Optimal driving.force model of future agricultural development in east China is that non-materialization inputs are dominant, that perfected facility input arc guarantee, and that certain substance inputs are necessary