晚更新世黄土脱湿-吸湿全过程土水特征曲线研究

非饱和土土水特征曲线(SWCC)在非饱和土性质的研究中是很重要的。通过现场原位渗水试验、室内试验,结合数值反演得到了晚更新世黄土(Q3黄土)脱湿和吸湿土水特征曲线。用压力板仪测量Q3黄土脱湿过程中不同含水率下的吸力,之后用Van Genuchten经验公式对试验数据进行拟合,得出了Q3黄土脱湿SWCC曲线的数学表达式。在现场渗水试验的基础上,用随机搜索和经验逼近相结合的方法,通过数值计算反演Q3黄土吸湿过程中的土水特征曲线参数。此外,还实测了Q3黄土竖直向的饱和渗透系数。结果表明:Q3黄土脱湿路径的进气值为4.16 k Pa,饱和体积含水量为0.52;吸湿路径的进气值为3.92 k Pa,饱和体积含水量为0.48。残余体积含水量为0.01,残余饱和度为2.0%,残余的气体含量为4.06%。竖直与水平向渗透系数的比率为1.62,水平向饱和渗透系数为7.08*10-6m/s,竖直向饱和渗透系数为1.147*10-5m/s。室内实测竖直方向饱和渗透系数为2.71*10-5m/s,反演值与实测值是属于同一数量级的。

Simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China: Mechanism and its field test

Based on the impact of the stress perturbation effect created by simultaneous propagation of multiple fractures in the process of simultaneous hydraulic fracturing, a thorough research on the mechanism and adaptation of simultaneous fracturing of double horizontal wells in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs was conducted by taking two adjacent horizontal wells(well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 located in Longdong area of China Changqing Oilfield) as field test wells. And simultaneous fracturing optimal design of two adjacent horizontal wells was finished and employed in field test. Micro-seismic monitoring analysis of fracture propagation during the stimulation treatment shows that hydraulic fractures present a pattern of complicated network expansion, and the well test data after fracturing show that the daily production of well Yangping-1 and well Yangping-2 reach105.8 t/d and 87.6 t/d, which are approximately 9.4 times and 7.8 times the daily production of a fractured vertical well in the same area, respectively. Field test reflects that simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells can enlarge the expansion area of hydraulic fractures to obtain a lager drainage area and realize the full stimulation of ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield. Therefore, simultaneous fracturing of two adjacent horizontal wells provides a good opportunity in stimulation techniques for the efficient development of ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China Changqing oilfield,and it has great popularization value and can provide a new avenue for the application of stimulation techniques in ultra-low permeability reservoirs in China.