扶贫实践中妇女性别需求变化的研究

Two arguments prevail in the theoretical realm with regard to the relationship between the Practical Gender Need (PGN) and the Strategic Gender Need (SGN). One is that satisfaction of the PGN will not necessarily lead to satisfaction of the SGN, while the other is that satisfaction of the PGN is bound to favor women’s long-term development and improve their fundamental status, or , in other words,satisfy their SGN. This article analyses the considerations on the implementation of Xinjiang women’sprofit-making project financed by the Canadian International Development Program, as well as the results of an appraisal of the project. The considerations on the implementation of the project emphasize the satisfaction of the impoverished women’s PGN. The results of the appraisal show that, after two years of implementation of the project, there is difference, both in the degree of PGN satisfaction and that of SGN satisfaction, between the Uygur women participating in the project and the non-participants (both of approximate economic level), and that the project has obviously propelled the satisfaction of the Uygur women’s SGN. Drawing upon these results, the article briefly analyses the question whether poverty relief or development projects should face up to the different results for women.

生殖健康领域的社会性别需求分析——基于社会性别需求分析框架及计划生育优质服务项目县的调查

本文基于伦敦大学发展研究部修正的社会性别需求理论,利用典型组专题讨论方法,分别从服务提供层角度和服务对象角度调查了服务对象在生殖健康领域的社会性别需求,包括现实性社会性别需求和战略性社会性别需求,分析了两种角度下服务对象的社会性别需求在本质上的一致性,提出应将两者结合起来全面考察服务对象在生殖健康领域的社会性别需求,并将该思路体现在计划生育优质服务工作中。

美国单身母亲与抚养未成年子女家庭援助政策改革——社会性别的视角

女性与福利之间的关系是社会政策研究的重要议题。从政策预设、规定与实践上看,美国的＂抚养未成年子女家庭援助政策＂（AFDC）是一个性别化的社会政策项目,它从既定的性别分工出发,强调满足现实性别需求,强化了母亲和儿童照顾者的传统性别角色。1962~1996年间,贫困的女主家庭成为AFDC津贴最主要的领取者,并被污名化为＂福利皇后＂。尽管AFDC及其取而代之的＂贫困家庭临时救助政策＂（TANF）强调工作福利,力图通过工作要求和工作刺激来结束福利依赖,却导致一些单身母亲成为工作穷人,并面临工作和家庭照顾的双重重担。只有从战略性别需求的角度,改善劳动力市场的性别结构分化,完善公共性儿童服务体系,才能改善单身母亲的社会经济状况。