A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines t...A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines the initial results of a research on policy options to break away with the past. The paper first assesses the relationship between resource dependence and sustainable development by looking at the evolution of genuine savings in Bolivia and neighbouring, resource-rich countries. It then discusses Bolivia＇s potential position on the world＇s lithium market and examines the institutional variables that shape perceptions, expectations and policy options at national and local levels. Notwithstanding major technological challenges, the paper concludes that further research should shed light on how inclusive processes can be nurtured in rentier states, and how far specific institutional reforms can contribute to turning the looming lithium boom into sustainable outcomes in the Bolivian case.展开更多
It is not difficult to understand the success of Tambien la lluvia （2010） starring the internationally recognized Mexican actor Gael Garcia Bernal. The coproduction among France, Spain, and Mexico succeeds in creati...It is not difficult to understand the success of Tambien la lluvia （2010） starring the internationally recognized Mexican actor Gael Garcia Bernal. The coproduction among France, Spain, and Mexico succeeds in creating film that gains critical as well as commercial attention for its treatment of the theme of globalization as well as for its aesthetic quality. The Spanish director, Icfar Boallafn heavily employs metacinematography, metanarrative, and intertextuality in the film but loses subtlety in conveying the message of globalization as a continuation of colonization. As the study of the aforementioned themes has been exhausted, this analysis focuses on the role and representation of the emotions that are shaped by the global economic circumstance of capitalism, consumerism, and globalization. I will analyze and compare the emotions of the western characters with that of the indigenous characters in Bolivia to demonstrate how the filmic representations of emotions are influenced by the understanding of history, culture, and society. This analysis attempts to reveal how the western subjects struggle to locate their emotions resulting in their displacement in representations of information and simulations of reality that have lost their connection with the original referent. On the other hand, the indigenous＇ emotional repertoire is based on their direct interaction with the land and their community. Furthermore, the first people appear to have inherited and cultivated their emotions as a community, which motivate them to act collectively to continue their incessant struggle against exploitation and colonization. Through this study, I hope to explore the relationship between the emotions and decoloniality by identifying how cultivation of emotions could have a major impact in questioning the Eurocentric episteme imposed onto the periphery.展开更多
SINCE China and Bolivia established diplomatic relations 30 years ago,bilateral relations have developed smoothly.Leaders of both countries have maintained frequent contacts,and mutual trust steadily grows.The Preside...SINCE China and Bolivia established diplomatic relations 30 years ago,bilateral relations have developed smoothly.Leaders of both countries have maintained frequent contacts,and mutual trust steadily grows.The President of Bolivia,Juan Evo Morales Ayma,has visited China on five occasions：the first was in 2006before he took up office,when he held talks with then展开更多
文摘A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines the initial results of a research on policy options to break away with the past. The paper first assesses the relationship between resource dependence and sustainable development by looking at the evolution of genuine savings in Bolivia and neighbouring, resource-rich countries. It then discusses Bolivia＇s potential position on the world＇s lithium market and examines the institutional variables that shape perceptions, expectations and policy options at national and local levels. Notwithstanding major technological challenges, the paper concludes that further research should shed light on how inclusive processes can be nurtured in rentier states, and how far specific institutional reforms can contribute to turning the looming lithium boom into sustainable outcomes in the Bolivian case.
文摘It is not difficult to understand the success of Tambien la lluvia （2010） starring the internationally recognized Mexican actor Gael Garcia Bernal. The coproduction among France, Spain, and Mexico succeeds in creating film that gains critical as well as commercial attention for its treatment of the theme of globalization as well as for its aesthetic quality. The Spanish director, Icfar Boallafn heavily employs metacinematography, metanarrative, and intertextuality in the film but loses subtlety in conveying the message of globalization as a continuation of colonization. As the study of the aforementioned themes has been exhausted, this analysis focuses on the role and representation of the emotions that are shaped by the global economic circumstance of capitalism, consumerism, and globalization. I will analyze and compare the emotions of the western characters with that of the indigenous characters in Bolivia to demonstrate how the filmic representations of emotions are influenced by the understanding of history, culture, and society. This analysis attempts to reveal how the western subjects struggle to locate their emotions resulting in their displacement in representations of information and simulations of reality that have lost their connection with the original referent. On the other hand, the indigenous＇ emotional repertoire is based on their direct interaction with the land and their community. Furthermore, the first people appear to have inherited and cultivated their emotions as a community, which motivate them to act collectively to continue their incessant struggle against exploitation and colonization. Through this study, I hope to explore the relationship between the emotions and decoloniality by identifying how cultivation of emotions could have a major impact in questioning the Eurocentric episteme imposed onto the periphery.
文摘SINCE China and Bolivia established diplomatic relations 30 years ago,bilateral relations have developed smoothly.Leaders of both countries have maintained frequent contacts,and mutual trust steadily grows.The President of Bolivia,Juan Evo Morales Ayma,has visited China on five occasions：the first was in 2006before he took up office,when he held talks with then
