轻型球化处理包包盖的研制及其应用

研制了一种能起密封和保温作用，其自重能抵抗球化处理包中铁液与镁反应所产生的压力，且操作便捷的轻型球化处理包包盖，对其制作方法和应用效果进行了详细阐述。实际生产应用表明，与常规球化处理相比，使用轻型包盖可减少烟尘量和镁光，镁的吸收率有较大提高，氧化渣量显著减少，在铁液化学成分、金属液质量等所有条件相同的情况下，可减少球化剂的加入量，保证了产品品质。

减少喂丝球化处理包芯线加入量的工艺实践

介绍了减少喂丝球化处理包芯线加入量的试验过程。对喂丝球化处理的生产数据进行分析,结果显示:包芯线的加入量主要取决于球化所需的w(Mg)量,一般为0.030%~0.045%。根据Mg的吸收率计算公式,可以看出,Mg的吸收率与原铁液中的w(S)量有关,此外,还与铁液温度、喂丝速度以及球化处理包的高径比有关。铁液温度越高,Mg的吸收率就越低;喂丝速度过慢或过快,都会降低Mg的吸收率;球化处理包的高径比越小,Mg的吸收率就越低。因此,不但要严格控制原铁液中的w(S)量和包芯线质量,而且要选择高径比恰当的球化处理包和球化处理工艺,才可能减少包芯线加入量,降低生产成本。

盖包球化处理工艺的盖包设计与应用

重点介绍了加盖球化处理包的类型和设计特点,认为一种可活动升降式加盖包较为适合笔者工厂的生产条件,同时指出了设计和使用这种包盖的注意事项。实际生产数据表明:加盖包球化处理工艺可降低排放,使铁液球化质量趋于稳定,可减少球化处理的温降,并明显减少处理后的渣量。

钝化镁复包球化技术的研究

将镁颗粒表面粘涂上耐高温涂层 ,得到钝化镁球化剂 ,加入到球化包的反应室内 ,加入量 0 .3 %。铁液通过反应室小孔与钝化镁反应 ,完成球化处理 ,用于生产QT5 0 0 7获得成功。与稀土镁冲入法相比 ,每吨铁液可节省球化处理费

DISA垂直造型线生产球铁曲轴球化率的控制方法

利用DISA垂直造型线,从铸造工艺创新和制造过程管控两方面进行管理;设计了一种空调压缩机球铁曲轴的模具工艺,改进了球化包内衬的结构设计。结果表明,实现了快速浇注,延缓了球化剂的反应时间,将球化等级控制在1-3级、球化率≥80%、内在品质稳定的球铁曲轴大批量生产。

常见的球化处理工艺的对比分析

本文通过原材料、设备、人员等方面,对比冲入法和喂线法球化技术,并分析两种工艺的优点和不足,得出喂线法球化技术与冲入法球化技术相比,具有较高的经济效益和环境效益,能够提高企业的市场竞争力。或许在将来成为主流球化技术。

敞开式冲入法球化衰退的原因与防止措施

介绍了采用敞开式冲入球化法处理工艺生产球墨铸铁件的生产情况及出现的球化衰退问题,通过对化学成分、出铁温度、球化处理包的情况等原因进行分析,提出了改进措施：制定严格的出铁温度执行标准,将出铁温度统一控制在1 490-1 510℃;对于距离较远的电炉,出铁后用珍珠岩覆盖,减少运输过程中的温度损失,并且减少Mg合金的氧化,从而提高铁液中的w（Mg残）量;设计新型筑包用包衬胎模,使包衬与堤坝实现一体化,增强堤坝的抗冲击强度,避免铁液过早与球化剂反应。生产结果显示,球化衰退的次数明显减少,部分月份球化衰退现象达到零,而且石墨的圆整度也有较大提升。

Geochemistry of fluid inclusions from Linglong gold deposit in Shandong,China

By means of microscopy and laser Raman spectroscopy, the authors studied the fluid inclusions in petrography. The results show that there exist three-phase CO2-bearing and two-phase aqueous inclusions in gold ore; the fluid of NaC1-H2O-CO2 system went through immiscibility in ore-forming process. Ore-forming fluids were of low salinity （0. 82%- 5.40% NaCleqv）, low density （0. 54-0.93 g/cm3 ） ; mineralization temperature were concentrated in 320℃-340℃ , with ore-forming pressure in 62-126 MPa and mineralization depth in 6.34-9.35 kin. The fluid inclusions in quartz are generally characterized by a small amount of CO2 and Na. Combined with recent results of the isotopic analysis for fluid inclusions and dating data, it was indicated that the main ore-forming fluids derived mainly from source of mantle-derived fluids with a small amount of magmatic fluid and meteoric water. The genetic type was mesothermal gold deposits involved by mantle-derived fluids.

Territorial Competitiveness in a Globalised Economy： Regional Efficiency of the Mexican Service Sector

The existence of a solid service sector and some degree of specialisation in tertiary activities are among a number of territorial diversity of factors which need to be taken into account in relation to the creation of competitive capacities. In addition globalisation has presumably played a significant role in the productive restructuring of economies in which the service sector has had an increasing quantitative and qualitative importance over the years Therefore, an evaluation of the role of services in constructing regional competitive capacities is required. This paper aims at addressing indirectly the meaning of services on improving competitiveness by providing a wide-ranging analysis of regional efficiency of the Mexican service sector and its determinants as well as an overview of its territorial distribution and special isation patterns. We evaluate the patterns of concentration of the third sector and its branches, and specialisation of regions. The efficiency of the service sector in the NAFTA period is analysed further because of the impact of services on regional competitiveness. We employ state leve data to examine technical efficiency＇s differentials across regions and their determinants. The methodology includes data envelopment analysis to measure technical efficiency which is the dependent variable in a reduced form model that links regional performance with a number of proxies for various types of agglomeration economies such as specialisation, urbanisation and internal economies of scale

The 2010 Merapi Eruption： An Overview of Melt Inclusion and Geochemical Data

To characterize the magma that gave rise to explosive eruptions of Merapi volcano in October-November 2010, melt inclusions and juvenile components fiom the eruption deposits have been analyzed. Major-element compositions of whole-rocks were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and trace elements, including the Rare Earth Elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Melt inclusions and the host minerals were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and CO2 and H20 in melt inclusions, and their associated bubbles, were analyzed using laser Raman spectrometry. The compositions of the whole-rock eruption products are basaltic and esite that slightly sifting of SiO2 and K20 composition to previous eruption products, whereas the melt inclusions in pyroxene, plagioclase and hornblende are dacite to rhyolite, likely trapped mainly during late stages of crystallization of the magma. The most high volatile content in the melt inclusion are CO2 and H2O which appear strong Raman peaks for CO2 in the gas bubbles indicate abundances on high levels of CO2. Interpretation of result from a long-term flux of CO2 into the reservoir, either derived from more mafic magmas at depth or from reaction of magma in the reservoir with limestone and it may indicate that volcanic outgassing rates far exceed the amounts that can be supplied magmas.

Carbon coated Au/TiO_2 mesoporous microspheres: a novel selective photocatalyst

Photocatalysts with desirable selectivity to transformation and purification of targeted pollutants are of great importance in water purification. Here, we demonstrate that selective photocatalysis can be realized by the assistance of gold-enhanced selective adsorption onto carbon-coated Au/TiO2 mesoporous microspheres （Au/TiO2@C-MM）, which were prepared via a surfactant-assisted two-step method that involved the assembly of oleic acid-stabilized titania and gold nanoparticles into colloidal spheres in an emulsion using sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant and the conversion of the surfactants into carbon under annealing in Ar. Due to the negatively charged amorphous carbon, the mesoporous structure, and the surface plasmon resonance absorption of the Au components, the Au/TiO2@C-MM shows enhanced charge- and size-selective adsorption prop- erties, which enables the materials to have high selectivity in the photocatalytic process.

Green photochemical synthesis of fluorescent carbon spheres in-situ enwrapped around Ag nanoparticles

Biocompatible carbon-spheres-based nanocomposites exhibit great potential in biomedical and clinical applications. In this contribution we report the first green photochemical synthesis of carbon spheres through in-situ enwrapping around silver nanoparticles(CS–Ag NPs). Since mesoporous carbon spheres can provide the location for combining Ag NPs and other agents, one-step synthesis of glutathione-stabilized CS–Ag NPs could be readily realized by photoreduction. TEM characterization of CS–Ag NPs nanocomposites illustrates that Ag NPs were superbly wrapped inside the carbon spheres and also adhered to the surfaces of the carbon spheres. These porous CS–Ag NPs show excellent fluorescence and effective antibacterial efficiency, exhibiting ideal lengthened activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared with bare Ag NPs. The relevant rationale behind it could be attributed to the fact that CS–Ag NPs nanocomposites can provide some excellent niches for the durable and slow release of silver ions. This raises the possibility of promising applications of CS–Ag NPs nanocomposites as excellent antibacterial agents for the efficient monitoring of some disease-related bacteria.