The similarity transformation model between different coordinate systems is not accurate enough to describe the discrepancy of them.Therefore,the coordinate transformation from the coordinate frame with poor accuracy ...The similarity transformation model between different coordinate systems is not accurate enough to describe the discrepancy of them.Therefore,the coordinate transformation from the coordinate frame with poor accuracy to that with high accuracy cannot guarantee a high precision of transformation.In this paper,a combined method of similarity transformation and regressive approximating is presented.The local error accumulation and distortion are taken into consideration and the precision of coordinate system is improved by using the recommended method展开更多
The strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS）/two-antenna GPS integrated navigation system is discussed. Corresponding error and the measurement models are built, especially the double differenced GPS carrier phas...The strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS）/two-antenna GPS integrated navigation system is discussed. Corresponding error and the measurement models are built, especially the double differenced GPS carrier phase model. The extended Kalman filtering is proposed. And the hardware composition and connection are designed to simulate the SINS/two-antenna GPS integrated navigation system. Results show that the performances of the system, the precision of the navigation and the positioning, the reliability and the practicability are im proved.展开更多
An interval Kalman filter (IKF) algorithm based on the interval conditional expectation is applied to an integrated global positioning system/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS). Because the IKF algorithm is applica...An interval Kalman filter (IKF) algorithm based on the interval conditional expectation is applied to an integrated global positioning system/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS). Because the IKF algorithm is applicable only to linear interval systems, the extended interval Kalman filter (EIKF) algorithm for non linear integrated systems is developed. A high dynamic aircraft trajectory is designed to test the algorithm developed. The results of computer simulation indicate that the EIKF algorithm is consistent with the traditional SKF scheme, and is also effective for uncertain non linear integrated system.展开更多
This paper first develops the approaches to determine the geopotential of the local mean sea level,and then investigates the offset of the 1985 vertical datum surface defined by the mean sea level of Yellow Sea at the...This paper first develops the approaches to determine the geopotential of the local mean sea level,and then investigates the offset of the 1985 vertical datum surface defined by the mean sea level of Yellow Sea at the Dagang Tide Gauge in Qingdao city using the developed approaches and GPS/leveling data.It shows that the geopotential of the local mean sea level at the tide gauge is equal to 62 636 853.5±0.2 m2·s -2 and that the 1985 vertical datum surface is 24.6±5.4 cm above the geoid realized by the geopotential W 0= 62 636 856.0±0.5 m2·s -2.展开更多
This paper deals with the research of the GPS/INS integrated navigation system applying Extended Kalman Filter, which involves integrated principles, scheme and technology of combining with real INS and GPS receiver d...This paper deals with the research of the GPS/INS integrated navigation system applying Extended Kalman Filter, which involves integrated principles, scheme and technology of combining with real INS and GPS receiver data. Emphases are placed on the modeling of system errors and implementation of the integrated system. Both loose and tightly coupled GPS/INS integrated in schemes are analyzed. On the basis of our experience accumulated in the research of GPS/INS for many years, the GPS/INS integrated navigation developing system is developed. It can be put into efficient and economic use in the study and design of integrated navigation system. It plays an important role in the aeronautical and astronautical fields in China. This system is not only a computer aided design software but also a semi physical simulation system by obtaining real INS and GPS receiver data. So the key software unit of the developing system could be conveniently transferred into practical engineering software in actual hardware integrated system. The application of this system shows that the design ideas and integrated scheme of this development system are successful, and can achieve good navigation result.展开更多
A land vehicle tracking and monitoring system based on the integration of differential global position system (DGPS), dead-reckoning (DR), and map matched technology is studied. In this paper, from the economic point ...A land vehicle tracking and monitoring system based on the integration of differential global position system (DGPS), dead-reckoning (DR), and map matched technology is studied. In this paper, from the economic point of view, a new scheme using the one-way directional communication link, is presented. Moreover, 8-state Kalman filter is proposed for integrated DGPS/DR system. When field tests are carried out using two C/A code GARMIN GPS receiver, the positioning accuracy less than 5 m (1σ) is achieved.展开更多
The adjusted GPS height is the height above the surface of the WGS-84ellipsoid. It is necessary to convert a GPS height into a normal height in engineering. The conicoidfitting method (CFM) and the neural networks met...The adjusted GPS height is the height above the surface of the WGS-84ellipsoid. It is necessary to convert a GPS height into a normal height in engineering. The conicoidfitting method (CFM) and the neural networks method (NNM) are used for this purpose, but each ofthem has its advantages and disadvantages. After studying these two methods, a new method (abbr.CF&NNM) is conceived. The procedure of the CF&NNM is introduced. A practical engineering example isused to study these three different methods. The results by the three methods are listed. The CF&NNMmethod can produce better results than either the CFM or the NNM in deriving normal height from GPSheight. The theory of the CF&NNM method is analyzed.展开更多
This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographical Information System （G1S） and Global Positioning System （GPS） in wetland research, includ...This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographical Information System （G1S） and Global Positioning System （GPS） in wetland research, including land-coverclassification and change detection, wetland evolutionary processes, landscape-change analyses, channel migration, flood and wetlands resource monitoring and spatial quantitative analyses/modeling, ecosystem service evaluation, ecological processes and risk assessments, disease control, water quality monitoring/modeling, pollution monitoring/modeling, wetlands hydrology, wetland information systems and WebGIS. The limitations and needs for optimal use of these technologies are discussed, such as the limited advanced technical knowledge and skills, low awareness and capacity, unclear link between GIS output and policy making, lack of supporting policies and standards, lack of a wetlands geo-information networklimite, and the use of these techniques in wetland research. It is suggested that for realising true applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies, the availability, accessibility, reliability, homogeneity, and continuity of wetlands-related geo-information enabling environment, policies and standards, and funding are needed.展开更多
Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, a dynamic management system of ore blending in an open pit mine has been designed and developed. A linear program was established in a practical application. The system is very good at automat...Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, a dynamic management system of ore blending in an open pit mine has been designed and developed. A linear program was established in a practical application. The system is very good at automatically drawing up a daily production plan of ore blending and monitors and controls the process of mining production in real time. Experiments under real conditions show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy production standards of ore blending in open pit mines.展开更多
GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many years.The Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located i...GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many years.The Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,China,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in 2007.This study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5 km2.The ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:50 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in 2007.The differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was apparent.The mean thinning was 15±8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 m.Assuming the thinning value of 15±8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007.展开更多
A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand. RS (Remote Sensing), GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning Sys...A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand. RS (Remote Sensing), GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System) and ancillary data were combined by the method which adopts the main idea of classifying images by steps from decision tree method and the hybridized supervised and unsupervised classification. An integration of automatic image interpretation, ancillary materials and expert knowledge was realized. Two subscenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images of bands 3, 4 and 5 obtained on December 15, 1992, and January 17, 1999, were used for image processing and spatial data analysis in the study. The overall accuracy of the results of classification reached 90%, which was verified by field check.Results showed that shrimp farm land, urban and traffic land, barren land, bush and agricultural developing area increased in area, mangrove, paddy field, swamp and marsh land, orchard and plantation, and tropical grass land decreased, and the forest land kept almost stable. Ecological analysis on the land use changes showed that more attentions should be paid on the effect of land development on ecological environment in the future land planning and management.展开更多
This paper presents information on a portable fall detection and alerting system mainly consisting of a custom vest and a mobile smart phone. A wearable motion detection sensor integrated with tri-axial accelerometer,...This paper presents information on a portable fall detection and alerting system mainly consisting of a custom vest and a mobile smart phone. A wearable motion detection sensor integrated with tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope and Bluetooth is built into a custom vest worn by elderly. The vest can capture the reluctant acceleration and angular velocity about the activities of daily living(ADLs) of elderly in real time. The data via Bluetooth is then sent to a mobile smart phone running a fall detection program based on k-NN algorithm. When a fall occurs the phone can alert a family member or health care center through a call or emergent text message using a built in Global Positioning System. The experimental results show that the system discriminates falls from ADLs with a sensitivity of 95%, and a specificity of 96.67%. This system can provide remote monitoring and timely help for the elderly.展开更多
The precision orbit determination of challenging minisatellite payload(CHAMP) satellite was done based on position and navigation data analyst(PANDA) software which is developed in Wuhan University, using the onboard ...The precision orbit determination of challenging minisatellite payload(CHAMP) satellite was done based on position and navigation data analyst(PANDA) software which is developed in Wuhan University, using the onboard GPS data of year 2002 from day 126 to 131. The orbit accuracy was assessed by analyzing the difference from GFZ post-processed science orbits (PSO), the GPS carrier and pseudo-range data residuals and the satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals.展开更多
We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers ...We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.展开更多
The methods of Earth rotation parameter (ERP) estimation based on IGS SINEX file of GPS solution are discussed in detail. There are two different ways to estimate ERP: one is the parameter transformation method, and t...The methods of Earth rotation parameter (ERP) estimation based on IGS SINEX file of GPS solution are discussed in detail. There are two different ways to estimate ERP: one is the parameter transformation method, and the other is direct adjustment method with restrictive conditions. By comparing the estimated results with independent copyright program to IERS results, the residual systemic error can be found in estimated ERP with GPS observations.展开更多
文摘The similarity transformation model between different coordinate systems is not accurate enough to describe the discrepancy of them.Therefore,the coordinate transformation from the coordinate frame with poor accuracy to that with high accuracy cannot guarantee a high precision of transformation.In this paper,a combined method of similarity transformation and regressive approximating is presented.The local error accumulation and distortion are taken into consideration and the precision of coordinate system is improved by using the recommended method
文摘The strapdown inertial navigation system （SINS）/two-antenna GPS integrated navigation system is discussed. Corresponding error and the measurement models are built, especially the double differenced GPS carrier phase model. The extended Kalman filtering is proposed. And the hardware composition and connection are designed to simulate the SINS/two-antenna GPS integrated navigation system. Results show that the performances of the system, the precision of the navigation and the positioning, the reliability and the practicability are im proved.
文摘An interval Kalman filter (IKF) algorithm based on the interval conditional expectation is applied to an integrated global positioning system/inertial navigation system (GPS/INS). Because the IKF algorithm is applicable only to linear interval systems, the extended interval Kalman filter (EIKF) algorithm for non linear integrated systems is developed. A high dynamic aircraft trajectory is designed to test the algorithm developed. The results of computer simulation indicate that the EIKF algorithm is consistent with the traditional SKF scheme, and is also effective for uncertain non linear integrated system.
文摘This paper first develops the approaches to determine the geopotential of the local mean sea level,and then investigates the offset of the 1985 vertical datum surface defined by the mean sea level of Yellow Sea at the Dagang Tide Gauge in Qingdao city using the developed approaches and GPS/leveling data.It shows that the geopotential of the local mean sea level at the tide gauge is equal to 62 636 853.5±0.2 m2·s -2 and that the 1985 vertical datum surface is 24.6±5.4 cm above the geoid realized by the geopotential W 0= 62 636 856.0±0.5 m2·s -2.
文摘This paper deals with the research of the GPS/INS integrated navigation system applying Extended Kalman Filter, which involves integrated principles, scheme and technology of combining with real INS and GPS receiver data. Emphases are placed on the modeling of system errors and implementation of the integrated system. Both loose and tightly coupled GPS/INS integrated in schemes are analyzed. On the basis of our experience accumulated in the research of GPS/INS for many years, the GPS/INS integrated navigation developing system is developed. It can be put into efficient and economic use in the study and design of integrated navigation system. It plays an important role in the aeronautical and astronautical fields in China. This system is not only a computer aided design software but also a semi physical simulation system by obtaining real INS and GPS receiver data. So the key software unit of the developing system could be conveniently transferred into practical engineering software in actual hardware integrated system. The application of this system shows that the design ideas and integrated scheme of this development system are successful, and can achieve good navigation result.
文摘A land vehicle tracking and monitoring system based on the integration of differential global position system (DGPS), dead-reckoning (DR), and map matched technology is studied. In this paper, from the economic point of view, a new scheme using the one-way directional communication link, is presented. Moreover, 8-state Kalman filter is proposed for integrated DGPS/DR system. When field tests are carried out using two C/A code GARMIN GPS receiver, the positioning accuracy less than 5 m (1σ) is achieved.
文摘The adjusted GPS height is the height above the surface of the WGS-84ellipsoid. It is necessary to convert a GPS height into a normal height in engineering. The conicoidfitting method (CFM) and the neural networks method (NNM) are used for this purpose, but each ofthem has its advantages and disadvantages. After studying these two methods, a new method (abbr.CF&NNM) is conceived. The procedure of the CF&NNM is introduced. A practical engineering example isused to study these three different methods. The results by the three methods are listed. The CF&NNMmethod can produce better results than either the CFM or the NNM in deriving normal height from GPSheight. The theory of the CF&NNM method is analyzed.
基金This project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30270275） Acknowledgement We thank State Forest Administration and the Chinese Academy of Sciences with its many research institutes for providing the information required for this paper. Also, a sincere thank to Bai Yajun for her patience and endless support in discussions and email correspondence.
文摘This paper introduces the state of waterlands in China and discribes the applications of Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographical Information System （G1S） and Global Positioning System （GPS） in wetland research, including land-coverclassification and change detection, wetland evolutionary processes, landscape-change analyses, channel migration, flood and wetlands resource monitoring and spatial quantitative analyses/modeling, ecosystem service evaluation, ecological processes and risk assessments, disease control, water quality monitoring/modeling, pollution monitoring/modeling, wetlands hydrology, wetland information systems and WebGIS. The limitations and needs for optimal use of these technologies are discussed, such as the limited advanced technical knowledge and skills, low awareness and capacity, unclear link between GIS output and policy making, lack of supporting policies and standards, lack of a wetlands geo-information networklimite, and the use of these techniques in wetland research. It is suggested that for realising true applications of RS, GIS and GPS technologies, the availability, accessibility, reliability, homogeneity, and continuity of wetlands-related geo-information enabling environment, policies and standards, and funding are needed.
文摘Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, a dynamic management system of ore blending in an open pit mine has been designed and developed. A linear program was established in a practical application. The system is very good at automatically drawing up a daily production plan of ore blending and monitors and controls the process of mining production in real time. Experiments under real conditions show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy production standards of ore blending in open pit mines.
基金supported by the National Basic Work Program of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No.2006FY110200)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.KZCX2-YW-GJ04)
文摘GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many years.The Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,China,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in 2007.This study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5 km2.The ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:50 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in 2007.The differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was apparent.The mean thinning was 15±8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 m.Assuming the thinning value of 15±8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007.
基金Project supported by the Tingthanathikul Foundation of Thailand, the Provincial Natural Science Foun- dation of Jiangxi (No. 0230025) the Open Research Foundation of Hubei Provincial Key Labaratory of Waterlogged Disaster and Wetland Agriculture (No. H
文摘A comprehensive method of image classification was developed for monitoring land use dynamics in Chanthaburi Province of Tailand. RS (Remote Sensing), GIS (Geographical Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System) and ancillary data were combined by the method which adopts the main idea of classifying images by steps from decision tree method and the hybridized supervised and unsupervised classification. An integration of automatic image interpretation, ancillary materials and expert knowledge was realized. Two subscenes of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images of bands 3, 4 and 5 obtained on December 15, 1992, and January 17, 1999, were used for image processing and spatial data analysis in the study. The overall accuracy of the results of classification reached 90%, which was verified by field check.Results showed that shrimp farm land, urban and traffic land, barren land, bush and agricultural developing area increased in area, mangrove, paddy field, swamp and marsh land, orchard and plantation, and tropical grass land decreased, and the forest land kept almost stable. Ecological analysis on the land use changes showed that more attentions should be paid on the effect of land development on ecological environment in the future land planning and management.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under grant No. 4102005partly supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 61040039)
文摘This paper presents information on a portable fall detection and alerting system mainly consisting of a custom vest and a mobile smart phone. A wearable motion detection sensor integrated with tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope and Bluetooth is built into a custom vest worn by elderly. The vest can capture the reluctant acceleration and angular velocity about the activities of daily living(ADLs) of elderly in real time. The data via Bluetooth is then sent to a mobile smart phone running a fall detection program based on k-NN algorithm. When a fall occurs the phone can alert a family member or health care center through a call or emergent text message using a built in Global Positioning System. The experimental results show that the system discriminates falls from ADLs with a sensitivity of 95%, and a specificity of 96.67%. This system can provide remote monitoring and timely help for the elderly.
文摘The precision orbit determination of challenging minisatellite payload(CHAMP) satellite was done based on position and navigation data analyst(PANDA) software which is developed in Wuhan University, using the onboard GPS data of year 2002 from day 126 to 131. The orbit accuracy was assessed by analyzing the difference from GFZ post-processed science orbits (PSO), the GPS carrier and pseudo-range data residuals and the satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals.
文摘We propose the design of an observation station to establish a reliable datum for displacement and deformation analysis at the first working-face subsidence observation station of Liuzhuang Mine. The design considers various geologic and mining con-ditions. Having analyzed the aims of the joint survey and the comprehensive survey, we propose design principles, and work modes, for adopting GPS technology as the position measuring technique to be used in these two stages. Baseline vectors and spatial ad-justments of the GPS network were calculated after study of data processing and quality estimation methods. A coordinate system transformation and error estimates of the transformed GPS network data are discussed. The error estimates in all stages show that the GPS control network of the observation station has sufficient accuracy and is highly efficient. The network thus provides a reli-able datum for analyzing the laws of surface displacement and deformation induced by mining.
基金Project supported by the National 973 Program(No.2006CB701301) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40574005) .
文摘The methods of Earth rotation parameter (ERP) estimation based on IGS SINEX file of GPS solution are discussed in detail. There are two different ways to estimate ERP: one is the parameter transformation method, and the other is direct adjustment method with restrictive conditions. By comparing the estimated results with independent copyright program to IERS results, the residual systemic error can be found in estimated ERP with GPS observations.
