凸球球度测量初探

作者在研究了有关行业应用球体情况及目前球度测量方法后,分析了球度测量中存在的问题,并在此基础上,提出了一种正交轴系球度测量原理,并进行了实测,再用最小二乘球评定公式进行了评定。实验证明了本方法的有效性及其实用前景。

便携式球度测量仪及其误差分析

一、概述测量球面半径的方法有各式各样,有的利用测量机的机构(球径仪),有的是用便携式仪器,有的则用为特定需要而定做的测量装置。主要的测量方法可分成以下几类:1.

超精密球度的激光干涉测量方法

传统的球度测量方法很难达到亚微米级的测量准确度。为此，提出了超精密球度激光干涉测量的新方法，介绍了测量装置的结构及测量原理，并给出了球面波和球度计算的数学模型。

精密轴承钢球圆度测量误差分离技术研究

圆度误差实际上属于滚动轴承表面工作重要质量指标,会在一定程度上影响轴承的动态性能和工作精度。为了可以有效地提高整体质量,需要适当控制设计和测量的精度和圆度。基于此,文章研究了精密轴承钢球圆度测量误差分离技术。

基于误差分离技术的球形工件在线检测方法

由于工件球度的在线检测比较困难,而且当前的测量系统大部分是离线检测。如果能在加工过程中对工件进行检测,根据检测结果及时修正加工参数,将降低生产成本、提高产品质量、加快生产速度。针对当前现状,提出了一种基于工件圆度的测量方法,通过测量工件的圆度间接得到工件球度,准确度较高。介绍了基于单片机的在线测量系统的构成和测试原理,并采用误差分离技术提高测量精度,系统结构简单、成本低、精度高。

球定心转位力学原理及其应用

研究一种能使球保持中心不动而在空间任意变向的方法 ,并阐明球由此实现“定心转位”的有关规律 .所建立的“球定心转位力学原理”主要为用于球度误差测量 。

Error Analysis and Accuracy Assessment of GPS Absolute Velocity Determination without SA

Error sources which decrease the accuracy of GPS in absolute velocity determination have been changed since SA was turned off. Firstly, quantities of all kinds of error sources that influence velocity deter-mination are analyzed. The potential accuracy of GPS absolute velocity determination is derived from both theory and field GPS data simulation. After that, two tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of GPS absolute velocity determination in the case of a static and an airborne GPS receiver and INS (Inertial Navigation System) instrument in kinematic mode. In static mode, the receiver velocity has been estimated to be several mm/s with the carrier-phase derived Doppler measurements, and several cm/s with the receiver generated Doppler measurements. In kinematic mode, GPS absolute velocity estimates are compared with the synchronized measurements from the high accuracy INS. The root mean square statistics of the velocity discrepancies between GPS and INS come up to dm/s. Moreover, it has a strong correlation with the accel-eration or jerk of the aircraft.

Sensitivity of Near Real-time MODIS Gross Primary Productivity in Terrestrial Forests Based on Eddy Covariance Measurements

As an important product of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS), MOD17A2 provides dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately and continuously monitor global terrestrial primary production, which is also significant in effort to advance scientific research and eco-environmental management. Over the past decades, forests have moderated climate change by sequestrating about one-quarter of the carbon emitted by human activities through fossil fuels burning and land use/land cover change. Thus, the carbon uptake by forests reduces the rate at which carbon accumulates in the atmosphere. However, the sensitivity of near real-time MODIS gross primary productivity(GPP) product is directly constrained by uncertainties in the modeling process, especially in complicated forest ecosystems. Although there have been plenty of studies to verify MODIS GPP with ground-based measurements using the eddy covariance(EC) technique, few have comprehensively validated the performance of MODIS estimates(Collection 5) across diverse forest types. Therefore, the present study examined the degree of correspondence between MODIS-derived GPP and EC-measured GPP at seasonal and interannual time scales for the main forest ecosystems, including evergreen broadleaf forest(EBF), evergreen needleleaf forest(ENF), deciduous broadleaf forest(DBF), and mixed forest(MF) relying on 16 flux towers with a total of 68 site-year datasets. Overall, site-specific evaluation of multi-year mean annual GPP estimates indicates that the current MOD17A2 product works highly effectively for MF and DBF, moderately effectively for ENF, and ineffectively for EBF. Except for tropical forest, MODIS estimates could capture the broad trends of GPP at 8-day time scale for all other sites surveyed. On the annual time scale, the best performance was observed in MF, followed by ENF, DBF, and EBF. Trend analyses also revealed the poor performance of MODIS GPP product in EBF and DBF. Thus, improvements in the sensitivity of MOD17A2 to forest productivity require continued efforts.

Impact of Mechanical Aeration on the Soil Resistance to Penetration and Density of Grassy Sward

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of mechanical perforation of a golf course grassy sward, subject to maintenance machinery traffic and golf players trampling on its compaction and density. The evolution of soil compaction state after aeration was also conducted in four stages of measurement. This operation aims to improve the structure and soil texture, which is also called ＂perforation＂ or ＂coring＂. The taken cores leaving on the soil holes of adjustable depth and density （350 holes/mE） are made with an aerator machine called Vertidrain. Soil resistance to penetration and density were determined at the initial state before aeration as well as 10, 20, and 30 days after aeration. Compared to the initial state, the results show that mechanical aeration greatly affects the grassy sward ground by reducing its resistance to penetration as 35% and 43% decrease in penetration resistance were noticed at 5 cm depth l0 and 20 days after aeration, respectively. Also, resistance to penetration decreased by 41% and 48% at 15 cm depth during the same two periods of time with a relatively constant moisture content. However, soil resistance to penetration at 5 and 15 cm depths only decreased by 21% and 26%, respectively. Regarding the soil density measured after aeration, a significant improvement at the 1% level with the method of variance analysis was observed compared to that at the initial state （e.g. 1.33 g·cm^-3） Indeed, the density was 1.29, 1.26 and 1.30 gcm^-3 10, 20 and 30 days after aeration, respectively.

The Effectiveness of Shallow Surface Geophysical Methods in Shear Wave Velocity Derivation

Shear wave velocity Vs is measured by the surface geophysical survey like MASW （multi-channel surface wave analysis） or RWM （refraction wave method） and by the subsurface method like PS logging. PS logging and RWM are direct methods to derive shear wave velocity and MASW retrieves shear wave through the inversion of the surface wave. In this work, the effectiveness of surface methods （MASW and RWM） is compared with PS logging in determining shear wave velocity. For this purpose, shear wave velocity results Vs30 of 12 PS logging and MASW surveys conducted in Mymensingh Municipality in Bangladesh have been utilized. Additionally, the shear wave velocity results of three PS logging have been compared with the refraction profiles of RWM survey conducted in Rooppur nuclear power plant site in Bangladesh. The relative discrepancy between RWM and PS logging is found less （ranges from -3.92 to 0.93） compared to MASW and PS logging （＋/-0.88 to 33.92）. The correlation coefficient of Vs30 derived from RWM and PS logging is observed much better （0.60） compared to MASW and PS logging （0.40）. The result is good considering the lateral lithologic variability and inherent differences among techniques. It is evident from the comparison that the RWM can be used as a cost-effective alternative to traditional borehole PS logging method for Vs30 determination and thus the number of down-hole logging tests might be significantly reduced.

On the Bergman representative coordinates

We study the set where the so-called Bergman representative coordinates (or Bergman functions) form an immersion. We provide an estimate of the size of a maximal geodesic ball with respect to the Bergman metric contained in this set. By concrete examples we show that these estimates are the best possible.