The objective assessment of fabric pilling based on light projection and image analysis has been exploited recently.The device for capturing the cross-sectional images of the pilled fabrics with light projection is el...The objective assessment of fabric pilling based on light projection and image analysis has been exploited recently.The device for capturing the cross-sectional images of the pilled fabrics with light projection is elaborated.The detection of the profile line and integration of the sequential cross-sectional pilled image are discussed.The threshold based on Gaussian model is recommended for pill segmentation.The results show that the installed system is capable of eliminating the interference with pill information from the fabric color and pattern.展开更多
With sulfide increasingly recognized as an important parameter to assess the oxidation-reduction level in aqueous enviromnent, research on its geochemical behavior is becoming important. Water samples collected in Boh...With sulfide increasingly recognized as an important parameter to assess the oxidation-reduction level in aqueous enviromnent, research on its geochemical behavior is becoming important. Water samples collected in Bohai Sea （1-19 August, 2010）, Yellow Sea （20-30 November, 2010） and East China Sea （3-17 June, 2010 and 1-10 November, 2010） were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of dissolved sulfide by methylene blue spectrophotometric method. Results show that： （1） horizontally, concentration of dissolved sulfide significantly varied from the coastal region to the open sea and profoundly influenced by physical processes. High values occurred in the river-sea boundary zone ＂marginal filter＂ due to rich riverine input, frequent upwelling and active exchange in shelf edge. Terrestrial input from adjacent rivers and the current cycling contributed to the high sulfide appeared in western Bohai Sea, eastern Shandong Peninsula, and northeast of Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary. Especially, relative higher sulfide values occurred in Yellow Sea, which is consistent with the variation of salinity largely due to the hydrodynamic feature; （2） vertically, measurement of dissolved sulfide in bottom water was higher and more variable than that in surface water caused by the wind-induced resuspension and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Moreover, nutrient-type profile clearly identified that oxidation plays a major role in the biogeochemistry cycle of sulfide in water; （3） seasonally, investigation for East China Sea in June and November reflected seasonal variation of Changjiang River Diluted Water, Kuroshio Current, and Taiwan Warm Current. Concentration in June was much higher than that sampled in November at most stations. Mean concentration of dissolved sulfide varied seasonally from 2.26 μg/L （June） to 1.16 μg/L （November） in surface and 3.00 μg/L （June） to 1.56 μg/L （November） in bottom. Progress in the field is slow and more effort is needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of determination and estimate the natural or anthropogenic contribution of dissolved sulfide in ecosystems.展开更多
The map of reflecting horizon A, plotted on the basis of regional geophysical materials, yieldsinformation about the bottom topography of sedimentary cover of the West-Siberian Basin within Nadym-Taz interfluve. Throu...The map of reflecting horizon A, plotted on the basis of regional geophysical materials, yieldsinformation about the bottom topography of sedimentary cover of the West-Siberian Basin within Nadym-Taz interfluve. Through morphotectonic analysis about this surface, the authors are able tounderstand the distribution characteristics of the main topographic irregularities, with the blockstructure of the lower cover floors and underlying complexes as the focus.The largest irregularities are caused by the presence of three regional altitude steps, which show a regional tendency of basement being submerged in the north-north-east direction. Within these irregularities, the authors have distinguished some regions, which can be divided, based on the characteristics of morphostructural distribution, into two groups, i.e., areal (Nadym, Tol'ka, Urengoy)and belt (Tarko-Sale, Russko-Chasel'ka and Messoyakha). The first ones represent quasihomogeneous blocks, whose surfaces are complicated by irregular low-amplitude elevations and troughs and low-gradient zones with gradient values being up to 0.03, or they submerge stepwise, with the leveled areas being separated by zones with high gradients (0.07-0.15). The morphostructure of the other group of regions is characterized by the en-echelon distribution of contrastingly positive and negative elements with high values of slope gradients (higher than 0.1-0.2).展开更多
Hemisphere photos are now widely applied to provide information about solar radiation dynamics,canopy structure and their contribution to biophysical processes,plant productivity and ecosystem properties.The present s...Hemisphere photos are now widely applied to provide information about solar radiation dynamics,canopy structure and their contribution to biophysical processes,plant productivity and ecosystem properties.The present study aims to improve the original‘edge detection’method for binary classifcation between sky and canopy,which works not well for closed canopies.We supposed such inaccuracy probably is due to the infuence of sky pixels on their neighbor canopy pixels.Here,we introduced a new term‘neighbor distance’,defned as the distance between pixels participated in the calculation of contrast at the edges between classifed canopy and sky,into the‘edge detection’method.We showed that choosing a suitable neighbor distance for a photo with a specifc gap fraction can signifcantly improve the accuracy of the original‘edge detection’method.We developed an ND-IS(Neighbor Distance-Iteration Selection)method that can automatically determine the threshold values of hemisphere photos with high accuracy and reproductivity.It combines the modifed‘edge detection’method and an iterative selection method,with the aid of an empirical power function for the relationship between neighbor distance and manually verifed gap fraction.This procedure worked well throughout a broad range of gap fractions(0.019-0.945)with different canopy compositions and structures,in fve forest biomes along a broad gradient of latitude and longitude across Eastern China.Our results highlight the necessity of integrating neighbor distance into the original‘edge detection’algorithm.The advantages and limitations of the method,and the application of the method in the feld were also discussed.展开更多
On the basis of gravity field model （EIGEN_CG01C）, together with multi-altimeter data, the improved deflection of the vertical gridded in 2＇×2＇ in China marginal sea and gridded in 5＇×5＇ in the global ...On the basis of gravity field model （EIGEN_CG01C）, together with multi-altimeter data, the improved deflection of the vertical gridded in 2＇×2＇ in China marginal sea and gridded in 5＇×5＇ in the global sea was determined by using the weighted method of along-track least squares, and the accuracy is better than 1.2^# in China marginal sea. As for the quality of the deflection of the vertical, it meets the challenge for the gravity field of high resolution and accuracy, it shows that, compared with the shipboard gravimetry in the sea, the accuracy of the gravity anomalies computed with the marine deflection of the vertical by inverse Vening-Meinesz formula is 7.75 m.s ^-2.展开更多
The late 16th and early 17th centuries witnessed a significant change in the geopolitical structure of East Asia. The power of the Ming dynasty was declining due to internal and external troubles and depleted finances...The late 16th and early 17th centuries witnessed a significant change in the geopolitical structure of East Asia. The power of the Ming dynasty was declining due to internal and external troubles and depleted finances, whereas Japan had been rising steadily since Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified the country. The traditional East Asian international order, centered on the Ming dynasty and based on the tributary system, faced a challenge from Japan. Against this background, the invasion of the Ryukyu Kingdom by the Japanese feudal domain of Satsuma had a great effect on the existing regional geopolitical structure. With the establishment of the ＂dual subordination＂ of the Ryukyu Kingdom, a new geopolitical structure gradually took shape in which the two great powers, China and Japan, competed for dominance. The Ming dynasty＇s limited awareness of maritime issues and of the geostrategic importance of the Ryukyu Islands, its passive attitude towards Satsuma＇s invasion, and especially, its tolerance of the Ryukyu Kingdom＇s ＂dual subordination＂ fed Japan＇s ambitions for further expahsion and encouraged its ultimate annexation of the kingdom by force. It can be said that the military conquest of the Ryukyu Kingdom by Satsuma foreshadowed the decline of the Ming and the rise of Japan.展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Research Fund for Etoctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 99025508)
文摘The objective assessment of fabric pilling based on light projection and image analysis has been exploited recently.The device for capturing the cross-sectional images of the pilled fabrics with light projection is elaborated.The detection of the profile line and integration of the sequential cross-sectional pilled image are discussed.The threshold based on Gaussian model is recommended for pill segmentation.The results show that the installed system is capable of eliminating the interference with pill information from the fabric color and pattern.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41121064,41306055)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05030402)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB403602)
文摘With sulfide increasingly recognized as an important parameter to assess the oxidation-reduction level in aqueous enviromnent, research on its geochemical behavior is becoming important. Water samples collected in Bohai Sea （1-19 August, 2010）, Yellow Sea （20-30 November, 2010） and East China Sea （3-17 June, 2010 and 1-10 November, 2010） were used to determine the occurrence and distribution of dissolved sulfide by methylene blue spectrophotometric method. Results show that： （1） horizontally, concentration of dissolved sulfide significantly varied from the coastal region to the open sea and profoundly influenced by physical processes. High values occurred in the river-sea boundary zone ＂marginal filter＂ due to rich riverine input, frequent upwelling and active exchange in shelf edge. Terrestrial input from adjacent rivers and the current cycling contributed to the high sulfide appeared in western Bohai Sea, eastern Shandong Peninsula, and northeast of Changjiang （Yangtze） River estuary. Especially, relative higher sulfide values occurred in Yellow Sea, which is consistent with the variation of salinity largely due to the hydrodynamic feature; （2） vertically, measurement of dissolved sulfide in bottom water was higher and more variable than that in surface water caused by the wind-induced resuspension and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Moreover, nutrient-type profile clearly identified that oxidation plays a major role in the biogeochemistry cycle of sulfide in water; （3） seasonally, investigation for East China Sea in June and November reflected seasonal variation of Changjiang River Diluted Water, Kuroshio Current, and Taiwan Warm Current. Concentration in June was much higher than that sampled in November at most stations. Mean concentration of dissolved sulfide varied seasonally from 2.26 μg/L （June） to 1.16 μg/L （November） in surface and 3.00 μg/L （June） to 1.56 μg/L （November） in bottom. Progress in the field is slow and more effort is needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of determination and estimate the natural or anthropogenic contribution of dissolved sulfide in ecosystems.
文摘The map of reflecting horizon A, plotted on the basis of regional geophysical materials, yieldsinformation about the bottom topography of sedimentary cover of the West-Siberian Basin within Nadym-Taz interfluve. Through morphotectonic analysis about this surface, the authors are able tounderstand the distribution characteristics of the main topographic irregularities, with the blockstructure of the lower cover floors and underlying complexes as the focus.The largest irregularities are caused by the presence of three regional altitude steps, which show a regional tendency of basement being submerged in the north-north-east direction. Within these irregularities, the authors have distinguished some regions, which can be divided, based on the characteristics of morphostructural distribution, into two groups, i.e., areal (Nadym, Tol'ka, Urengoy)and belt (Tarko-Sale, Russko-Chasel'ka and Messoyakha). The first ones represent quasihomogeneous blocks, whose surfaces are complicated by irregular low-amplitude elevations and troughs and low-gradient zones with gradient values being up to 0.03, or they submerge stepwise, with the leveled areas being separated by zones with high gradients (0.07-0.15). The morphostructure of the other group of regions is characterized by the en-echelon distribution of contrastingly positive and negative elements with high values of slope gradients (higher than 0.1-0.2).
基金supported by the Fang Jingyun ecological study studio of Yunnan province,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271652,32201258)the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202101BC070002)。
文摘Hemisphere photos are now widely applied to provide information about solar radiation dynamics,canopy structure and their contribution to biophysical processes,plant productivity and ecosystem properties.The present study aims to improve the original‘edge detection’method for binary classifcation between sky and canopy,which works not well for closed canopies.We supposed such inaccuracy probably is due to the infuence of sky pixels on their neighbor canopy pixels.Here,we introduced a new term‘neighbor distance’,defned as the distance between pixels participated in the calculation of contrast at the edges between classifed canopy and sky,into the‘edge detection’method.We showed that choosing a suitable neighbor distance for a photo with a specifc gap fraction can signifcantly improve the accuracy of the original‘edge detection’method.We developed an ND-IS(Neighbor Distance-Iteration Selection)method that can automatically determine the threshold values of hemisphere photos with high accuracy and reproductivity.It combines the modifed‘edge detection’method and an iterative selection method,with the aid of an empirical power function for the relationship between neighbor distance and manually verifed gap fraction.This procedure worked well throughout a broad range of gap fractions(0.019-0.945)with different canopy compositions and structures,in fve forest biomes along a broad gradient of latitude and longitude across Eastern China.Our results highlight the necessity of integrating neighbor distance into the original‘edge detection’algorithm.The advantages and limitations of the method,and the application of the method in the feld were also discussed.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China（No. 40474030, 40674013）.Acknowledgements Thanks to professor Hwang at the Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University for altimeter data.
文摘On the basis of gravity field model （EIGEN_CG01C）, together with multi-altimeter data, the improved deflection of the vertical gridded in 2＇×2＇ in China marginal sea and gridded in 5＇×5＇ in the global sea was determined by using the weighted method of along-track least squares, and the accuracy is better than 1.2^# in China marginal sea. As for the quality of the deflection of the vertical, it meets the challenge for the gravity field of high resolution and accuracy, it shows that, compared with the shipboard gravimetry in the sea, the accuracy of the gravity anomalies computed with the marine deflection of the vertical by inverse Vening-Meinesz formula is 7.75 m.s ^-2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41171135)
文摘The late 16th and early 17th centuries witnessed a significant change in the geopolitical structure of East Asia. The power of the Ming dynasty was declining due to internal and external troubles and depleted finances, whereas Japan had been rising steadily since Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified the country. The traditional East Asian international order, centered on the Ming dynasty and based on the tributary system, faced a challenge from Japan. Against this background, the invasion of the Ryukyu Kingdom by the Japanese feudal domain of Satsuma had a great effect on the existing regional geopolitical structure. With the establishment of the ＂dual subordination＂ of the Ryukyu Kingdom, a new geopolitical structure gradually took shape in which the two great powers, China and Japan, competed for dominance. The Ming dynasty＇s limited awareness of maritime issues and of the geostrategic importance of the Ryukyu Islands, its passive attitude towards Satsuma＇s invasion, and especially, its tolerance of the Ryukyu Kingdom＇s ＂dual subordination＂ fed Japan＇s ambitions for further expahsion and encouraged its ultimate annexation of the kingdom by force. It can be said that the military conquest of the Ryukyu Kingdom by Satsuma foreshadowed the decline of the Ming and the rise of Japan.
