The main role of water treatment plants is to supply high-quality safe drinking water. Coagulation is one of the most important stages of surface water treatment. The photometric dispersion analyzer(PDA) is a new opti...The main role of water treatment plants is to supply high-quality safe drinking water. Coagulation is one of the most important stages of surface water treatment. The photometric dispersion analyzer(PDA) is a new optical method for flocculation monitoring, and is feasible to realize coagulation feedback control. The on line modification of the coagulation control system' s set point( or optimum dosing coagulant) has influenced the application of this technology in water treatment plant for a long time. A fuzzy control system incorporating the photometric dispersion analyzer was utilized in this coagulation control system. Proposed is a fuzzy logic inference control system by using Takagi and Sugeno' s fuzzy if-then rule for the self-correction of set point on line. Programmed is the dosing rate fuzzy control system in SIEMENS small-scale programmable logic controller. A 400 L/min middle-scale water treatment plant was utilized to simulate the reaction. With the changes of raw water quality, the set point was modified correctly in time, as well as coagulant dosing rate, and residual turbility before filtration was eligible and stable. Results show that this fuzzy inference and control system performs well on the coagulation control system through PDA.展开更多
Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHa...Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHalil Roud have attracted archeologists during the recent decades. So far various historical works have been unearthed from the region of which marble ones are especially noteworthy. Basically, marble works were used more commonly in central plateau of Iran than other ones. The marble works discovered in Jirofl region are only comparable with those from the recently excavation at Shahr-I Sokhta in Zabol. The scientific examination of such works may pave way to identify their internal structures and to compare them in terms of their provenance. The present study will focus on the characterization of marbles discovered in Konar Sandal, Jiroft. In addition to petro graphical studies, XRD and XRF investigations were used to identify the crystalline structures as well as balk chemical composition of the discovered marbles. The obtained results revealed that the major constituents of the discovered marbles in Jiroft were Ca and CaO. The structure of discovered marbles had orderly compact patterns resulted mainly from metamorphism conditions. This structure is actually Unsimilar to those from Shahr-I Sokhta.展开更多
The scientificalization1 of educational research methods was always the most predominant in the two tides of educational experiment in China in the twentieth century,the result of which was unexpectedly dissatisfactor...The scientificalization1 of educational research methods was always the most predominant in the two tides of educational experiment in China in the twentieth century,the result of which was unexpectedly dissatisfactory,because researchers misunderstood the connotation of scientificalization in such a degree that resulted in the worship for methods and thought of replacement.If researchers reflect dialectically on the classic codes of experiment,and aim at reconstructing the viewpoint of experiment in education in the dimensions of ideas and pattern,they would guide the research on education by an“ideal type”,decently intervene the“logic of practice”with the“logic of theory”,so that the theorists and practitioners in education can finally coexist and co-develop.展开更多
The concept of general argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures besides modern culture. Based on reports of fieldwork among the Azande and the fruits of resear...The concept of general argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures besides modern culture. Based on reports of fieldwork among the Azande and the fruits of research on ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide a factual foundation for the proposition ＂the cultural relativity of logic＂ from a descriptive perspective. Adopting deductive argument as a meta-method, this paper argues for the existence of the cultural relativity of logic in modern culture and of the translated version of the logic of other cultures in modem culture. With the aid of ethnography and the historical research findings, we show that the logic of other cultures also has its own cultural relativity. We also seek to show through the concepts of language games and life forms that deductive argumentation as a meta-method likewise possesses cultural relativity.展开更多
Urbanization improves our lives but also threatens human health and sustainable development. Revealing the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion and spatiotemporal relationships with driving forces, especially in ...Urbanization improves our lives but also threatens human health and sustainable development. Revealing the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion and spatiotemporal relationships with driving forces, especially in terms of the ubiquitous and fast growing small city, is a crucial prerequisite to solving these problems and realizing sustainable development. Kunshan, China was used as a case study here. Eleven variables from four aspects covering physical, socioeconomic, accessibility and neighborhood were selected, and logistic regression and geographically weighted logistic regression modeling were employed to explore spatiotemporal relationships from 1991-2014. Results reveal that urban expansion in Kunshan shows an accelerating tendency with annual expansion from 2000-2014 four times higher than for 1991-2000. More importantly, the annual expansion rate of Kunshan of 28.42% in 2000-2014 is higher than that of a large city. Urban expansion and related factors have spatiotemporal varying relationships. From a global perspective, the closer to a city, town, main road and the higher the GDP, the more likely a region will undergo urbanization. Interestingly, the effect of population on urban expansion is decreasing, especially in developed areas, and the effect of distance to lake is enhanced. From a local perspective, the magnitude and even the sign of the coefficients vary across the study area. However, the range of the coefficient of GWLR is around that of the corresponding variable in LR, and the sign of most variables in GWLR is consistent with that of corresponding variables in LR. GWLR surpasses LR with the same explanatory variables in revealing regional differences and improving model reliability. Based on these findings, more attention should be given to small cities in China. Promoting the connotation of city culture and public services to realize New-type Urbanization and regional diversity policy in order to manage urban expansion scientifically are also recommended.展开更多
The axiomatization of physical theories is a fundamental issue of science. The first-order axiomatic system SpecR el for special relativity proposed recently by Andr′eka et al. is not enough to explain all the main r...The axiomatization of physical theories is a fundamental issue of science. The first-order axiomatic system SpecR el for special relativity proposed recently by Andr′eka et al. is not enough to explain all the main results in the theory, including the twin paradox and energy-mass relation. In this paper, from a four-dimensional spacetime perspective, we introduce the concepts of world-line, proper time and four-momentum to our axiomatic system SpecR el^+. Then we introduce an axiom of mass(Ax Mass) and take four-momentum conservation as an axiom(Ax CFM)in SpecR el^+. It turns out that the twin paradox and energy-mass relation can be derived from SpecR el+logically. Hence,as an extension of SpecR el, SpecR el^+is a suitable first-order axiomatic system to describe the kinematics and dynamics of special relativity.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2003033332)Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology (Grant No. HIT2002.24)
文摘The main role of water treatment plants is to supply high-quality safe drinking water. Coagulation is one of the most important stages of surface water treatment. The photometric dispersion analyzer(PDA) is a new optical method for flocculation monitoring, and is feasible to realize coagulation feedback control. The on line modification of the coagulation control system' s set point( or optimum dosing coagulant) has influenced the application of this technology in water treatment plant for a long time. A fuzzy control system incorporating the photometric dispersion analyzer was utilized in this coagulation control system. Proposed is a fuzzy logic inference control system by using Takagi and Sugeno' s fuzzy if-then rule for the self-correction of set point on line. Programmed is the dosing rate fuzzy control system in SIEMENS small-scale programmable logic controller. A 400 L/min middle-scale water treatment plant was utilized to simulate the reaction. With the changes of raw water quality, the set point was modified correctly in time, as well as coagulant dosing rate, and residual turbility before filtration was eligible and stable. Results show that this fuzzy inference and control system performs well on the coagulation control system through PDA.
文摘Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHalil Roud have attracted archeologists during the recent decades. So far various historical works have been unearthed from the region of which marble ones are especially noteworthy. Basically, marble works were used more commonly in central plateau of Iran than other ones. The marble works discovered in Jirofl region are only comparable with those from the recently excavation at Shahr-I Sokhta in Zabol. The scientific examination of such works may pave way to identify their internal structures and to compare them in terms of their provenance. The present study will focus on the characterization of marbles discovered in Konar Sandal, Jiroft. In addition to petro graphical studies, XRD and XRF investigations were used to identify the crystalline structures as well as balk chemical composition of the discovered marbles. The obtained results revealed that the major constituents of the discovered marbles in Jiroft were Ca and CaO. The structure of discovered marbles had orderly compact patterns resulted mainly from metamorphism conditions. This structure is actually Unsimilar to those from Shahr-I Sokhta.
文摘The scientificalization1 of educational research methods was always the most predominant in the two tides of educational experiment in China in the twentieth century,the result of which was unexpectedly dissatisfactory,because researchers misunderstood the connotation of scientificalization in such a degree that resulted in the worship for methods and thought of replacement.If researchers reflect dialectically on the classic codes of experiment,and aim at reconstructing the viewpoint of experiment in education in the dimensions of ideas and pattern,they would guide the research on education by an“ideal type”,decently intervene the“logic of practice”with the“logic of theory”,so that the theorists and practitioners in education can finally coexist and co-develop.
文摘The concept of general argumentation has expanded the family of logic so that it incorporates the logic of other cultures besides modern culture. Based on reports of fieldwork among the Azande and the fruits of research on ancient Chinese logic and the logic of Buddhism, this paper attempts to provide a factual foundation for the proposition ＂the cultural relativity of logic＂ from a descriptive perspective. Adopting deductive argument as a meta-method, this paper argues for the existence of the cultural relativity of logic in modern culture and of the translated version of the logic of other cultures in modem culture. With the aid of ethnography and the historical research findings, we show that the logic of other cultures also has its own cultural relativity. We also seek to show through the concepts of language games and life forms that deductive argumentation as a meta-method likewise possesses cultural relativity.
基金Major consulting project of the Chinese academy of engineering(201405ZD001)
文摘Urbanization improves our lives but also threatens human health and sustainable development. Revealing the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion and spatiotemporal relationships with driving forces, especially in terms of the ubiquitous and fast growing small city, is a crucial prerequisite to solving these problems and realizing sustainable development. Kunshan, China was used as a case study here. Eleven variables from four aspects covering physical, socioeconomic, accessibility and neighborhood were selected, and logistic regression and geographically weighted logistic regression modeling were employed to explore spatiotemporal relationships from 1991-2014. Results reveal that urban expansion in Kunshan shows an accelerating tendency with annual expansion from 2000-2014 four times higher than for 1991-2000. More importantly, the annual expansion rate of Kunshan of 28.42% in 2000-2014 is higher than that of a large city. Urban expansion and related factors have spatiotemporal varying relationships. From a global perspective, the closer to a city, town, main road and the higher the GDP, the more likely a region will undergo urbanization. Interestingly, the effect of population on urban expansion is decreasing, especially in developed areas, and the effect of distance to lake is enhanced. From a local perspective, the magnitude and even the sign of the coefficients vary across the study area. However, the range of the coefficient of GWLR is around that of the corresponding variable in LR, and the sign of most variables in GWLR is consistent with that of corresponding variables in LR. GWLR surpasses LR with the same explanatory variables in revealing regional differences and improving model reliability. Based on these findings, more attention should be given to small cities in China. Promoting the connotation of city culture and public services to realize New-type Urbanization and regional diversity policy in order to manage urban expansion scientifically are also recommended.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11235003 and 11475023National Social Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No.14BZX078+1 种基金the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of Chinathe Undergraduate Training Program of Beijing
文摘The axiomatization of physical theories is a fundamental issue of science. The first-order axiomatic system SpecR el for special relativity proposed recently by Andr′eka et al. is not enough to explain all the main results in the theory, including the twin paradox and energy-mass relation. In this paper, from a four-dimensional spacetime perspective, we introduce the concepts of world-line, proper time and four-momentum to our axiomatic system SpecR el^+. Then we introduce an axiom of mass(Ax Mass) and take four-momentum conservation as an axiom(Ax CFM)in SpecR el^+. It turns out that the twin paradox and energy-mass relation can be derived from SpecR el+logically. Hence,as an extension of SpecR el, SpecR el^+is a suitable first-order axiomatic system to describe the kinematics and dynamics of special relativity.
