理学表达与植物书写:朱熹诗歌自注图景的构造、成因及特征

朱熹诗歌自注重视理学表达与植物书写,以此构造理学世界与植物世界图景。这两个世界图景的形成,是朱熹的多重身份、诗歌的写作内容、诗歌的自注功能、诗人的传播意识以及诗歌的文本结构等多种因缘交集的结果。朱熹诗歌自注构造的理学世界和植物世界图景具备包容性和独特性。

朱熹诗歌自然意象的理学表达探析

朱熹诗歌用丰富的自然意象来表达理学。这些自然意象主要有山水描绘、季节变迁、花草植株、动物鸟兽、云气夜色等。朱熹诗歌通过自然意象不仅表达了理气论、心性论和认识修养论等哲学思想,而且表达了忧国忧民的思想、坚守理学的信念决心和治学体验。促成朱熹这种艺术自觉和诗歌成就的文化渊源是自然意象言志抒情的诗骚传统、自然山水象物比德的文化传统、理学前辈以诗言理的深厚积淀。朱熹诗歌自然意象理学表达的美学特征体现为俗与理一体、情与理交融、美与理统一。

朱熹诗歌理学表达方式和途径试析

朱熹诗歌理学表达方式有直接表达和间接表达;《训蒙绝句》是典型的直接表达;间接表达主要借咏物、山水、借比喻等来表达。朱熹诗歌的理学表达途径有正面表达和侧面表达;正面表达主要体现为理学追求、写景写情、自警劝勉、日常生活等方面;侧面表达体现在与佛道和反道学的斗争等方面。形成朱熹理学表达方式和途径的主要原因是其传承理学的责任担当和文道观念、格物致知的理学修养和人生际遇等。

结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌的病理学表达对比

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌病理学表达的差异。方法选取2010年12月—2012年12月收治的结节性甲状腺肿患者37例作为结节性甲状腺肿组,30例甲状腺癌患者作为甲状腺癌组。对两组进行CK19、PC-NA、P53病理学检查,比较两组在表达上的差异。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果结节性甲状腺肿在CK19、PCNA、P53的病理学表达上以-、+为主,而甲状腺癌在在CK19、PCNA、P53的病理学表达上以++、+++为主,两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论结节性甲状腺肿与甲状腺癌病理学表达是截然不同的,可作为临床上鉴别的标准之一。

鼻咽癌组织中Survivin蛋白表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨Survivin蛋白表达与鼻咽癌 (NPC)临床及预后的相关性。方法 对 1 992～ 1 994年收治的经病理明确诊断、完成全程根治性放疗、随访 5年以上的 1 1 5例NPC放射治疗前活检标本 (经病理证实均为低分化鳞癌 ) ,应用免疫组织化学技术检测Survivin基因蛋白在NPC组织中的表达情况 ,并分析Survivin的表达与NPC分期、放疗敏感性、生存率、转移和复发之间的关系。结果 NPC组织中Survivin蛋白阳性表达率为 6 8.7%。Survivin的表达活性与鼻咽癌的颈淋巴结转移、放疗敏感性、3年和 5年生存率及复发倾向有密切关系。结论 Survivin高表达对判断病变进展、预测放疗敏感性、颈部淋巴结转移的出现趋势、生存率及转移复发有指导意义。

理气化痰祛瘀中药复方对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝组织NF-κB、IκBα表达的影响

目的:观察理气化痰祛瘀中药复方对高脂饮食诱导的非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠肝组织NF-κB、IκB表达的影响。方法:以高脂饲料喂养大鼠造模。造模结束后,分别以不同剂量的理气化痰祛瘀中药和易善复灌胃治疗,模型组和正常组予等容量的蒸馏水灌胃,均连续8周。取肝组织HE染色观察大鼠肝脏脂肪变程度,免疫组化法检测肝组织中NF-κBp65、IκBα的表达。结果:模型组大鼠肝组织脂肪变程度较正常组明显升高(P<0.01);应用大、中、小剂量中药治疗后肝组织脂肪变程度较模型组明显下降(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠肝组织中NF-κBp65、IκBα的阳性表达明显高于正常组(P<0.01);应用大、中、小剂量中药治疗后大鼠肝组织中NF-κBp65表达较模型组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:理气化痰祛瘀中药能明显改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝组织脂肪变性,抑制大鼠肝组织NF-κBp65表达可能是其作用机制之一。

电针对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的疗效及对肾组织中caspase-3表达的影响

目的:探讨电针治疗对肾缺血再灌注大鼠肾功能及组织中Caspase-3表达的影响。方法:将30只清洁级健康SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组(IRI组)和电针组,每组10只。采用右肾摘除,左肾肾蒂夹闭缺血45min后再灌注的方法制备动物模型。电针组于造模成功后给予电针肾俞和涌泉穴治疗。各组均于术后24h采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Scr),观察肾组织病理形态学改变,TUNEL法检测肾组织细胞凋亡率和免疫组化检测肾组织细胞中Caspase-3的表达。结果:肾缺血再灌注后大鼠血清BUN和Scr明显升高,肾组织切片显示有明显的病理改变,肾组织细胞凋亡率及Caspase-3阳性细胞表达显著升高。与缺血再灌注组比较,电针组大鼠BUN和Scr显著下降,肾组织细胞凋亡率显著降低,Caspase-3阳性细胞的IOD值显著降低。结论:电针对IRI所致肾功能损害具有显著的保护作用,能够抑制Caspase-3蛋白表达,具有抑制细胞凋亡的作用,该作用可能是电针对IRI后肾脏保护作用的重要机制之一。

小鼠破骨细胞钠钙交换体亚型1的表达与功能

目的钠钙交换体(Sodium-Calcium Exchange,NCX)是钙离子排出细胞的重要途径。本研究探讨小鼠破骨细胞表达NCX1的不同剪切异构体及其钠钙交换功能。方法培养小鼠破骨细胞,纯化后提取总RNA样本,通过PCR克隆和DNA测序鉴定破骨细胞表达NCX1的具体剪切异构体种类。再将NCX1读码框架亚克隆至过表达质粒pIRESpuro,转染HEK293细胞后观察细胞内游离钙离子浓度的变化。结果在小鼠破骨细胞内克隆得到NCX1BD和NCX1ABD两个剪切异构体,其中NCX1ABD为新发现剪切异构体。将NCX1BD和NCX1ABD亚克隆至pIRESpuro后转染HEK293细胞,成功获得过表达细胞株。细胞加载钙离子荧光染色剂Furo-2/AM,抑制细胞膜纳钾泵并降低细胞外钠浓度后可以观察到NCX1反向模式导致的细胞内游离钙离子浓度的上升。但NCX1ABD导致的细胞内钙上升仅为NCX1BD的40%左右(t-检验,P<0.001)。结论小鼠破骨细胞表达两种NCX1剪切异构体,其中NCX1ABD为新发现剪切异构体,可能具有较弱的钠钙交换功能。

书写表达的积极心理学对新确证HIV感染者希望水平和总体幸福感的影响

目的 探讨书写表达的积极心理学对新确证HIV感染者希望水平与总体幸福感的影响。方法 选取成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心关爱门诊新确证HIV感染者为研究对象。对照组采用常规宣教和心理辅导,试验组除了常规宣教之外,还实施8周书写表达的积极心理学干预,两组均干预8周。于干预前及干预8周后采用Herth希望量表、总体幸福感量表对两组患者进行测评,评估书写表达的积极心理学对新确证HIV感染者希望水平与总体幸福感的干预效果。结果 共干预完成84例患者,试验组和对照组各42例。组间比较,干预后Herth希望量表得分,试验组38.00(35.00,39.00)分,对照组34.00(31.00,36.00)分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.69,P<0.05),干预后总体幸福感量表得分,试验组75.00(69.00,78.00)分,对照组63.00(59.00,73.25)分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.32,P<0.05);组内比较显示,对照组干预前后Herth希望量表、总体幸福感量表得分比较差异均无统计学意义(Z=-0.64,P>0.05;Z=-1.04,P>0.05),试验组干预前后Herth希望量表、总体幸福感量表得分比较差异均有统计学意义(Z=-4.35,P<0.05;Z=-4.72,P<0.05)。结论 书写表达的积极心理学能提升新确证HIV感染者的希望水平和总体幸福感水平,促使新确证HIV感染者对现实和未来保持积极的态度。

传统的背诵手段对于大学英语口语教学的功效性分析

目前,大学英语口语教学中存在诸多问题,其中目的语输入不足堪称首要原因。本研究以第二语言习得理论和认知心理学理论为基础,通过多种数据的收集和科学的实证分析,进一步证明背诵对中国学生二语口语输出能力发展有着明显的促进作用。

Clinicopathological significance of expression of paxillin, syndecan-1 and EMMPRIN in hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the relationship of expression of paxillin,syndecan-1 and EMMPRIN proteins with clinicopathological features in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Fifty-one patients who underwent HCC resection were recruited in the study. Paxillin, syndecan1 and EMMPRIN proteins in HCC tissues were detected with immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS: Of 51 cases of HCC, 23 (45%) exhibited paxillin protein positive expression. Of 42 cases of adjacent nontumor liver tissues, 24 (57%) exhibited positive expression.Positive paxillin protein expression was associated with low differentiation (r= 0.406, P= 0.004), with the presence of portal vein thrombosis (r = 0.325, P = 0.021), with extra-hepatic metastasis (r = 0.346, P = 0.014). Of 51cases of HCC, 28 (55%) exhibited syndecan-1 protein positive expression. Of 42 cases of adjacent non-tumor liver tissues, 23 (55%) exhibited positive expression.Positive snydecan-1 protein expression was associated with well differentiation (r = 0.491, P = 0.001), with no extra-hepatic metastasis (r = 0.346, P = 0.014). Of 51cases of HCC, 28 (55%) exhibited EMMPRIN protein positive expression. Of 42 cases of adjacent non-tumor liver tissues, 21 (50%) exhibited positive expression.Expression of EMMPRIN protein was not associated with serum AFP level, HBsAg status, presence of microsatellite nodule, tumor size, presence of cirrhosis and necrosis,differentiation, presence of portal vein thrombosis, extrahepatic metastasis, disease-free survival and overall survival (P＞0.05). Expression of paxillin protein was correlated conversely with the expression of syndecan-1protein in HCC (r = -0.366, P = 0.010).CONCLUSION: Expression of paxillin and syndecan-1proteins in HCC may affect its invasive and metastatic ability of the tumor. There may be a converse correlation between the expression of paxillin and syndecan-1 protein in HCC. Expression of EMMPRIN protein may be detected in HCC, but it may play little role in the invasion and metastasis of HCC.

Clinicopathological significance of FHIT protein expression in gastric adenocarcinoma patients

AIM： To investigate the expression of fragile histidine triad （FHIT） protein, and the possible relationship between FHIT expression and dinicopathological indices in gastric carcinoma. METHODS： FHIT protein expression was examined in 76 cases of gastric carcinoma, 58 cases of intraepithelial neoplasia, and 76 cases of corresponding normal mucosae by immunohistochemical method to analyze its relationship to histological grade, clinical stage, metastatic status and prognosis. RESULTS： The FHIT protein expression was positive in 28/76 （36.8%） cases of adenocarcinoma tissue, 22/58 （37.9%） cases of adjacent dysplastic tissue and 76/76 （100%） cases of distal normal gastric mucosa. There was a significant difference in the expression of FHIT protein between cancer or adjacent intraepithelial neoplasia and normal gastric mucosa （P = 0.000）. FHIT protein expression was found in 64.3% （18/28） of grades Ⅰ and Ⅲ cancers, and 20.8% （10/48） of grade Ⅲcancers （P = 0.000）, in 56.3% （18/32） of stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ cancers and 22.7% （10/44） of stages Ⅲ and IV cancers （P = 0.004）, and in 63.6% （14/22） of cancers without metastasis but only 25.9% （14/54） of those with metastasis （P = 0.003）. The significant difference in the expression of FHIT was found between histological grade, clinical stage and metastatic status of cancer. Follow-up data showed that there was a significant difference in median survival time between cancer patients with expression of FHIT （71 mo） and those without （33 mo, log rank = 20.78, P = 0.000）. CONCLUSION： FHIT protein is an important tumor suppressor protein. Loss of FHIT protein expression may be associated with carcinogenesis, invasion, metastasis and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. 2005 The WJG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Clinicopathological significance of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression in human pancreatic cancer

AIM: To assess the clinicopathological significance of the expression of the apoptosis-inhibitory Bcl-2 protein (pBcl-2) and the apoptosis-promoting Bax protein (pBax) in human invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the pancreas. METHODS: Fifty-nine surgical specimens of IDCs of the pancreas were stained immunohistochemically to detect pBcl-2 and pBax expressions whose correlation to tumor classification, staging, and prognosis was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The expression of pBcl-2 and pBax was detected in 21 of 59 (35.6%) and in 29 of 59 (49.2%) patients with IDCs of the pancreas, respectively. Neither pBcl-2 nor pBax alone was correlated to TIMM staging and differentiation degree of IDCs of the pancreas according to univariate analysis. By Mantel-Cox test, the median survival time after surgery for pBcl-2(+) and pBcl-2(-) groups were 14.3 and 7.3 mo, respectively (x^2=9.357, P=0.002) and that for pBax(+) and pBax(-) groups were 12.9 and 10.2 mo, respectively (x^2=0.285, P＞0.05). Contingency coefficient between pBcl-2 and pBax expression was 0.298, indicating that there was correlation between them (x^2=5.74, P＜0.05). The median survival time after surgery for pBcl-2(+)pBax(+) and pBcl-2(+)pBax(-) groups were 14.3 and 14.1 mo, respectively, and that for pBcl-2 (-)pBax(+) and pBcl-2(-)pBax(-) groups were 5.9 and 9.9 mo, respectively. There was a significant difference between pBd-2(+)pBax(+) and pBd-2(-)pBax(+) (x^2=5.06, P＜0.05), such was the case for pBcl-2(+)pBax(+) and pBd-2(-)pBax(-) (x~ 2=7.18, P＜0.01). Cox proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis was applied, indicating that pBcl-2, TNM staging, age and pBax were high risk factors of post-surgical survival time. CONCLUSION: Both pBcl-2 and pBax have high expression in IDCs of the pancreas, indicating that co-expression of pBcl-2 and pBax is a good indicator of favorable prognosis in IDCs of the pancreas.

Genetic instability of BRCA1 gene at locus D17S855 is related to clinicopathological behaviors of gastric cancer from Chinese population

AIM： To investigate genetic instability of gene BRCA1 at locus D17S855, and their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in Chinese population. METHODS： Microsatellite instability （MSI） and loss of heterozygosity （LOH） of gene BRCA1 at locus D17S855 were compared between 37 samples of gastric cancer and corresponding non-cancerous gastric tissue. RESULTS： MSI at locus D17S855 was positive in 7 of 37 samples of gastric cancer （18.95%）. MSI had a close relationship with TNM staging but no relation with lymph node metastasis, histological type or tumor differentiation. MSI positive frequency in TNM Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ （31.58%, 6/19） was much higher than that in TNM Ⅲ＋ Ⅳ （5.56%, 1/18）, （P 〈 0.05）. LOH positive rate was 18.92% （7/37）. LOH had no relationship to histological type, tumor differentiation or lymph node metastasis, but LOH positive rate in TNM Ⅲ＋ Ⅳ was 33.33% （6/18）, much higher than that in TNM Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ （ 5.26%, 1/19）, （P 〈 0.05）. BRCA1 protein was expressed in 14 of 37 samples of gastric cancer. The positive rates of BRCA1 protein in TNM Ⅰ ＋ Ⅱ and TNM Ⅲ＋ Ⅳ were 57.89% and 16.67%, respectively, （P 〈 0.05）. The positive rate of BRCA1 protein was 77.78% in high differentiation samples, 30.77% in middle differentiation and 12.50% in lower differentiation samples, （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： MSI of BRCA1 gene could be used as a molecular marker in early phases of sporadic gastric cancer in Chinese population. LOH occurs at later period of gastric cancer, therefore, it could be used as prognostic factor.

Expressions of claudin-4 and claudin-1 in endometrial cancer and their significance

Objective:To observe the expressions of claudin-4 and claudin-1 in endometrial cancer and explore their correlations with clinicopathological parameters of endometrial cancer.Methods:Immunohistochemical methods(SP) were used to detect the expressions of claudin-4 and claudin-1 in 52 tissue samples of endometrial cancer,24 of atypical hyperplasia,20 of pericancerous endometrium,and 19 of endometrium at proliferative phase.And then the expressions were analyzed statistically to find out the correlations with clinicopathological parameters of endometrial cancer.Results:Positive rate of claudin-4 was 36.8%,70.8% and 90.4% in endometrium at proliferative phase,atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer,respectively,with significantly differences between them(P<0.05),and it was statistically different between pericancer endometrium and endometrial cancer(P<0.05).Positive rate of claudin-1 was 89.5%,66.7% and 63.5%,respectively showing a descending tendency and significantly differences between endometrium at proliferative phase and endometrial caner(P<0.05),and it was also statistically significantly different between pericancer endometrium and endometrial cancer(P<0.05).The high expression rate of claudin-4 was related to invasion depth,but not to histological grading,pathological staging or lymph node metastasis of endometrial cancer,and the low expression of claudin-1 in endometrial cancer was not associated with histological grading,pathological staging,invasion depth or lymph node metastasis.Conclusion:The expression levels of claudin-4 and claudin-1 are correlated with onset and development of endometrial cancer.

Clinicopathological and prognostic implications of endoglin (CD105) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma and its adjacent non-tumorous liver

AIM: The expression pattern of endoglin (CD105) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported so far. We hypothesized that CD105 could differentially highlight a subset of microvessels in HCC, and intratumoral microvessel density (IMVD) by CD105 immunostaining (IMVD-CD105) could provide better prognostic information than IMVD by CD34 immunostaining (IMVD-CD34).METHODS: Paraffin blocks of tumor and adjacent nontumorous liver tissues from 86 patients who underwent curative resection of HCC were used for this study. Serial sections were stained for CD105 and CD34, respectively,to highlight the microvessels. IMVD was counted according to a standard protocol.RESULTS: In the HCC tissues, CD105 was either negatively or positively stained only in a subset of microvessels. In contrast, CD34 showed positive and more extensive microvessel staining in all cases examined. However, in the adjacent non-tumorous liver sections, CD105 showed a diffuse pattern of microvessel staining in 20 of 86 cases,while CD34 showed negative or only focal staining of the sinusoids around portal area. Correlation with clinicopathological data demonstrated that lower scores of IMVD-CD105 were found in larger sized tumors [mean 41.4/0.74 mm2 (＞5 cm tumor) vs 65.9/0.74 mm2(≤ 5 cm tumor), P = 0.043] and more aggressive tumors,as indicated by venous infiltration [36.8/0.74 mm2 (present)vs 64.2/0.74 mm2 (absent), P = 0.020], microsatellite nodules [35.1/0.74 mm2 (present) vs 65.9/0.74 mm2(absent), P = 0.012], and advanced TNM tumor stage [38.8/0.74 mm2 (stage 3 or 4) vs 68.3/0.74 mm2 (stage 1or 2), P = 0.014]. No prognostic significance was observed when median values were used as cut-off points using either IMVD-CD105 or IMVD-CD34. However, the presence of the diffuse pattern of CD105 expression in the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues predicted a poorer disease-free survival (median 8.6 vs 21.5 mo, P = 0.026).CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that a lower IMVDCD105 is associated with larger and more aggressive tumors. In this study, IMVD-CD105 did not provide significant prognostic information. However, active angiogenesis as highlighted by diffuse CD105 staining of the microvessels in the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues is predictive of early recurrence.

Relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expression and clinicopathological and urokinase-type plasminogen activator system parameters and prognosis in human gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression and clinicopathologic and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system parameter and prognosis in human gastric cancer. METHODS: Expression of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA, and uPA-R mRNA in tumor tissues and ≥5 cm adjacent normal tissues from 67 cases of gastric cancer was studied using RT-PCR and Northern blot respectively.Survival analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The expression rates of MMP-2 mRNA,uPA and uPA-R mRNA in tumor tissues (31%,41%,and 51%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in ≥5 cm adjacent tissues (19%, 11%, and 9%; X2=4.59,43.58, and 53.24 respectively, P<0.05,0.0001,and 0.0001, respectively). Expression of MMP-2 mRNA was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (metastasis: 61.9%, no metastasis: 39.1%, X2= 7.61, P<0.05),Lauren's classification of diffuse/mixed types:54.2%,intestinal type: 26.3%,X2 = 4.25, P<0.05, expression of uPA and uPA-R mRNA (uPA+: 55.1%, uPA-: 22.2% and uPA-R+: 54.9%, uPA-R-: 18.8%, X2=5.72 and 6.40 respectively, P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of MMP-2 mRNA expression did not show significant difference in all 67 cases, but revealed an association of the expression of MMP-2 mRNA, uPA, and uPA-R mRNA with worse prognosis (P= 0.0083, 0.0160, and 0.0094, respectively). CONCLUSION: MMP-2 may play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.

Littoral-cell angioma of the spleen:a case report

Littoral-cell angioma(LCA), a primary angioma which clinically belongs to splenic hemangioma, can be mostly found in normal spleen red sinus shore cells of reticuloendothelial cell system. The cells of LCA strongly express endothelial and tissue cell associated antigens that indicate a dual differentiation characteristic; whereas only endothelial cell markers are positive in normal spleen red sinus shore cells. Diagnosis of LCA relies on histopathology. Regular follow-up is needed to monitor recurrence and metastasis.

EXPRESSION OF MASPIN AND KAI1 AND THEIR CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN CARCINOGENESIS AND PROGRESSION OF GASTRIC CANCER

To investigate the roles of maspin and kai1 expression in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Methods Maspin and kai1 expressions were detected in normal gastric mucosa (n = 182), gastric dysplasia (n = 69), and gastric cancer (n = 113) by immunohisto-chemistry. Their expressions were compared with clinicopathological parameters of tumors. Relationship between maspin and kai1 expression was also concerned in gastric cancer. Results The positive rates of maspin expression were 79.8% (145/182), 75.4% (52/69), and 50.4% (57/113) in normal gastric mucosa, gastric dysplasia, and gastric cancer, while those of kai1 expression were 81.9% (149/182), 65.2% (49/69), and 58.4% (66/113) in corresponding tissues respectively. Gastric cancer less frequently expressed maspin than the normal gastric mucosa and gastric dysplasia (P < 0.05), while dysplasia and cancer showed less frequent expression of kai1 than normal mucosa (P < 0.05). Maspin expression showed negative association with invasive depth, metastasis, Lauren’s and histological classifications (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size, Borrmann’s classification, growth pattern or TNM staging (P > 0.05). Kai1 expression was negatively correlated with invasive depth, metastasis, growth pattern, Lauren’s and histo-logical classifications (P < 0.05), but not with tumor size, Borrmann’s classification or TNM staging (P > 0.05). Maspin and kai1 were collaboratively expressed in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Conclusions Down-regulated expressions of maspin and kai1 play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Abnormal expression of maspin and kai1 might have inhibitory effects on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and act as an effe-ctive and objective marker to indicate the pathobiological behaviors of gastric cancer.

Fas ligand expression in colon cancer:A possible mechanism of tumor immune privilege

AIM: To detect the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in colon cancer tissues and cell lines and analyze the function of FasL-expressing colon cancer cells in inducing Fas-sensitive T lymphocyte apoptosis. METHODS: Ninety surgically resected colon cancer tissues and 15 hepatic metastasis specimens were investigatedby immunohistochemical method with normal colon mucosa and colon adenoma as control. The relationship between FasL expression and pathologic features was also analyzed.FasL expression of 4 colon cancer cell lines, SW620, Lovo, LS-174T and SW1116, were detected by Western blotting assay. The function of FasL expressed on colon cancer cells was determined by coculture assay with Jurkat T lymphocytes, the apoptotic rate of which was detectedby flow cytometry assay.RESULTS: Fifty-six (62.22%) cases of all the 90 colon cancer tissues and all (100%) the liver metastasis specimens expressed FasL, significantly higher than normal colon mucosa and colonic adenoma. Higher expression of FasL was found in more advanced stage of colon cancer and in cancer tissues with lymphatic or hepatic metastasis.All the colon cancer cell lines were found to express FasL.After coculture with the SW1116 cells for 24 h with an effector: target ratio 10:1, the rate of apoptosis of Jurkat cells rose from 1.9% to 21.0%.CONCLUSION: The expression of FasL is upregulated in colon cancer and the functionally expressed FasL can induce apoptosis of Fas-expressing T lymphocytes.