王阳明“误读”朱熹格物论之重思——基于心性之理与万物之理关系的考察

王阳明批评朱熹格物论“析‘心’与‘理’而为二”是否为误读,可谓众说纷纭。朱熹既然强调“心具众理”且“万理具足”,则即心求理应属可行,且足够穷尽世间万理,但他却要求学者一定去即物穷理,似有自相矛盾、心理为二之嫌。然而,朱熹的即物穷理实有心中性理须即物而显、万物之理乃心性所立两个隐微前提。心中性理须即物而显,故虽“心具众理”,而穷理工夫必于事物情境之中展开;万物之理乃心性所立,则虽即物穷索,而所求亦乃即物而显的心性之理。因此,朱熹强调即物穷理,同时也是彻底坚持了“心具众理”“心与理一”的原则。然而,相关前提在朱熹哲学中虽天然内具,却未充分展开,直至阳明哲学才被明确诠释出来,从而正式澄清了格物工夫中物理与心理的合一问题。抛开误读问题,朱熹哲学天然内具却未充分展开的内容,到阳明哲学则被明确诠释而大放异彩,可说阳明格物论是对朱熹格物论逻辑一贯的发展与完善。

心理咨询来访者心理健康状况与个性特征的相关性分析

目的探讨心理咨询来访者的心理健康状况、个性特征状况及两者关系。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)测评570名心理咨询来访者。结果心理咨询来访者的SCL-90总分(201.12±45.76)分、阳性项目数(61.10±20.60)个和9个症状因子平均分(1.99～3.25)分,都高于国内常模(P<0.01)。来访者的EPQ的神经质维度与SCL-90总分及所有因子分呈正相关,精神质维度与SCL-90总分及7个因子分呈正相关,而掩饰性与内外向维度仅与抑郁等个别因子存在负相关。结论心理咨询来访者都存在负性心理,负性心理的出现在不同程度上受个性素质因素影响。

浅析朱熹哲学“理一分殊”思想

宋明理学因为其独特的风格和特点在我国封建社会后期成为官方哲学,统治时间达七百多年,对我国的政治经济社会文化产生了深远的影响。面对儒、释、道三家合流的冲击,为了恢复儒家作为合法地位,朱熹作为集大成者,建立以理为基础的客观唯心主义哲学。对由程颐提出"理一分殊"思想,朱熹进行了系统论述,并使之成为程朱理学的一个核心观点。它的思想包含着动静观、格物致知论、心性理欲论三个方面,在此之中,朱熹哲学实际上成为封建皇权的精神象征,并包含很多唯心主义成分。

论王船山《说文广义》之义理思想

王夫之为清初大思想家,著作等身,其关于文字学类唯一著作《说文广义》,内容虽是补《说文》之所未备,阐明文字之用,但同时亦展现出其义理思想之特点。本文从"理气心性""君子"等论题,讨论王氏思想之展现。王氏从对于字词本义的解读,延伸及"理气心性""君子"等义理论题,显露出其深厚的人文涵养,故能从一个字词的解释,引申说明立身处世之道理,可为研究船山思想之参考。

朱熹对孟子性善论的理学诠释

孟子是中国古代哲学史上第一个明确提出人性论的哲学家。孟子思想体系中的性善,是其人性学说建立的基础。朱熹在《孟子集注》中用其理本论体系重新诠释了孟子的性善论,将“理”“气”与“心性”结合起来,构筑了理气心性论。朱熹借助理学框架,重新讨论了“理”与“性”的关系问题,并将“性”分为“天命之性”和“气质之性”。朱子用以理言性代替了孟子的以心言性,并由此引出了与孟子尽心知性方法论完全不同的格物致知方法论。

Psychometric testing of the cross-culturally adapted Thai version of the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale version 3.0 in individuals with chronic illnesses

Objective:To assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the Self-Care Self-Efficacy Scale version 3.0(SCSES-v3.0)in individuals with chronic illnesses.Although originally developed and tested in a Western context,its applicability in Asian populations,including Thailand,remains inadequately explored.Methods:Psychometric tests were guided by COSMIN principles.This included the translation of the English version into Thai based on the ISPOR framework.Nine nursing experts evaluated the content validity.Data were obtained from a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted between July and November 2022.This study included individuals with chronic conditions from 16 primary care centers in Thailand.We tested the structural validity using exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),and concurrent validity in relation to the Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory version 4.c(SC-CII-v4.c).We tested the scale’s reliability with McDonald’s u,Cronbach’s a,and the intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).Results:The Thai SCSES-v3.0 demonstrated excellent content validity(k¼1.00).Thefinal analysis included a total of 385 participants.The EFA with thefirst split-half subsample(n¼193)extracted a twofactor structure.One reflected SCSES for maintenance and monitoring behaviors and another captured SCSES for management behaviors(item 6e10).CFA with the second split-half subsample(n¼192)and the overall sample(n¼385)supported the scale’s two-factor model with high factor loadings.Each dimension and the overall SCSES-v3.0 positively correlated with each scale and the overall SC-CII-v4.c.McDonald’s u and Cronbach’s a(both ranged 0.91e0.94)and ICC(ranged 0.95e0.96),indicated excellent internal reliability and test-retest reliability,respectively.Conclusions:The identification of a valid and reliable two-factor model for the Thai SCSES-v3.0 renders it a valuable tool for clinicians and investigators,facilitating the assessment of self-efficacy in self-care across diverse contexts.

Text Difficulty,Working Memory Capacity and Mind Wandering During Chinese EFL Learners’Reading

This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,mind wandering(MW),in the course of reading.Sixty first-year university non-English majors participated in the study.A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(text difficulty:difficult and simple)×2(WMC:high/large and low/small)was employed.Results revealed that 1)the main and interaction effects of WMC and text difficulty on voluntary MW were significant,whereas those on involuntary MW were not;2)while reading the easy texts,the involuntary MW of high-WMC individuals was less frequent than that of low-WMC ones,whereas while reading the difficult ones,the direct relationship between WMC and involuntary MW was not found;and that 3)high-WMC individuals had a lower overall rate of MW and better reading performance than low-WMC individuals did,but with increasing text difficulty,their rates of overall MW and voluntary MW were getting higher and higher,and the reading performance was getting lower and lower.These results lend support to WM theory and have pedagogical implications for the instruction of L2 reading.

宋明儒学“一系两派”说——以内圣外王为视角

宋明理学是儒学哲学化过程的高级形态,历来对其分系的划分见仁见智。冯友兰、张岱年及牟宗三等在此问题上以西套中,对宋明理学分系有强求逻辑义理一贯彻底性的流弊。由于中西文化思维相去甚远,宋明时期的儒学的复杂性及特殊性,和中国哲学固有特点联系密切。故宋明理学的分系研究,应回归于中国传统儒学思想"内圣外王"这一视角,方可收"一斑可窥全豹"之效。

罗钦顺性论新诠——《明儒学案》商兑

黄宗羲的《明儒学案》是中国第一部学术史专著,对明代儒学研究有着重要的参考价值。黄宗羲认为罗钦顺的心性论与其理气论相矛盾,后学研究罗钦顺多依从这一"矛盾"说。亦有部分学者对于这一看法提出疑问,但缺乏对罗钦顺思想的内在构造,尤其对其性论的学理分析。若重新检视罗钦顺的《困知记》,则发现在他的理论框架里性乃受气而生者,其心性论与他的理气论有着内在的统一性。理解罗钦顺应该回到他的思想本身,摆脱《学案》所建构的思想谱系。

朱熹对张载思想的继承与发展

张载唯心主义的二元论思想有着丰富的内容。朱熹在许多方面继承和发展了张载的思想,具体包括:从"太虚"到"理"的发展、"一"与"两"的朴素辩证法思想、读书之法、性说、"理一分殊"和"天人合一"等。朱熹成就的取得与张载思想对他的深刻影响分不开。

The psychological teaching approach to basic foreign language teaching

Basic foreign language teaching for language majors plays a significant role in the process of foreign language teaching and is also a crucial stage in the training of foreign language talents. During the stage teachers should learn about students＇ learning motives and the beginners＇ psychological state to rouse students＇ interest and mobilize their initiatives so that students can change from passive learning to active learning. The teaching effects will thereby be substantially enhanced.

Effect of Lead Stress on Growth Characteristics and Physiological Indexes of Alternanthera philoxeroides

[Objective] The paper aimed to discuss effects of different concentrations of lead stress on Alternanthera philoxeroides growth and physiological indices,to explore phytoremediation methods for removal of lead pollution. [Method] A. philoxeroides in water culture was treated with different concentration of lead,and then,its external injury was observed,its growth and physiological indexes were measured. [Result] A. philoxeroides biomass and chlorophyll content decreased; conductivity and malonaldehyde （MDA ） content were increased; the SOD,POD and CAT activities showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with increase in concentration of lead stress. [Conclusion] With increase in lead concentration,the cell membrane permeability increased and MDA had a higher accumulation,antioxidant enzymes activity decreased,the normal oxidative metabolism of A. philoxeroides was severely affected,leading it to wilt.

ON THE RELEVANCE OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUE AND ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY

The psychotherapeutic technique plays an important role in acupuncture therapy. In the present paper, the authors explain the relevance of psychotherapeutic technique and curative effect of acupuncture from （1）connection between psychologic factors and curing disease, （2）specialty of acupuncture therapy, and （3）influence of psychologic factors on acupuncture therapy, etc. Finally bring forward how to make good use of the technique during the course of acupuncture.

Resilience of patients with coronary heart diseases in Jordan:A cross-sectional study

Objectives This study aimed to assess the level of resilience and related factors among patients with coronary heart disease.Methods A cross-sectional was used to determine the factors associated with the level of resilience.A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit 134 patients with coronary heart disease who attended the out-patients cardiology clinics at two leading public hospitals in Jordan from July to September 2017.The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)was used to collect the data via a face-to-face structured interview.Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal Wallis test were used to analyze the data.Results The results showed a moderate level of resilience among patients with coronary heart diseases.Patients who reported having no history of a cardiac procedure reported a higher total resilience score(69.50[63.25,75.00]vs.65.50[58.00,72.00])and a higher score in dimension 1,“personal competence,high standards,and tenacity”than their counterparts(22.00[18.50,26.00]vs.21.00[15.75,23.00])(P<0.05).Dimension 3“positive acceptance of change and secure relationships”score was higher for employed patients than retired patients(15.00[14.00,16.00]vs.14.00[12.00,15.00])(P<0.05).However,no significant associations were found between other socio-demographic characteristics and resilience levels across the five dimensions.Conclusion Identifying the resilience level and related factors among patients with cardiac problems should be integrated into the comprehensive plan of care to improve patient quality of life,enhance effective coping strategies,improve mental health and well-being,and prevent further disease complications.

Psychometrics of the chronic liver disease questionnaire for Southern Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

AIM： To test the psychometric properties of a Chinese [（Hong Kong） HK] translation of the chronic liver disease questionnaire （CLDQ）. METHODS： A Chinese （HK） translation of the CLDQ was developed by iterative translation and cognitive debriefing. It was then administered to 72 uncomplicated and 78 complicated chronic hepatitis B （CriB） patients in Hong Kong together with a structured questionnaire on service utilization, and the Chinese （HK） SF-36 Health Survey Version 2 （SF-36v2）. RESULTS： Scaling success was ≥ 80% for all but three items. A new factor assessing sleep was found and items of two （Fatigue and Systemic Symptoms） subscales tended to load on the same factor. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities ranged from 0.58-0.90 for different subscales. Construct validity was confirmed by the expected correlations between the SF-36v2 Health Survey and CLDQ scores. Mean scores of CLDQ were significantly lower in complicated compared with uncomplicated CHB, supporting sensitivity in detecting differences between groups.CONCLUSION： The Chinese （HK） CLDQ is valid, reliable and sensitive for patients with CHB. Some modifications to the scaling structure might further improve its psychometric properties,

A unitary caring science resilience-building model:Unifying the human caring theory and research-informed psychology and neuroscience evidence

Resilience is the psychological capability to recover from difficulties quickly.Healthcare professionals are especially vulnerable to job-related stress and burnout.Unitary Caring Science is the framework for Watson’s Human Caring Theory,providing a philosophy of practice in healthcare.With the high rates of clinician burnout and psychological issues,it will be significant to unify the human caring theory with research-informed psychological and neuroscience evidence to develop clinicians’resilience-building strategies.The purpose of this article is to introduce a Unitary Caring Science Resilience Model and explain the science behind the core strategies based on Unitary Caring Science philosophy and the psychological and neuroscience research.This model includes six strategies:Embracing loving-kindness for self and others;Nurturing interpersonal and intersubjective connections/relations;Deepening a creative use of self and sense of belonging;Balancing self-learning,self-awareness,and an evolved selfconsciousness;Valuing forgiveness and releasing negativity;Inspiring and maintaining faith-hope.The caring-theory guided resilience-building strategies are proven to alleviate the depletion of clinicians’energy and emotions.Healthcare practices are challenging but rewarding.Clinicians can be emotionally,psychologically,and physically exhausted if they always consider themselves‘giving’and‘doing’institutional tasks without a sense of purpose or fulfillment.The practice can be rewarding if it becomes more aligned with clinicians’value to serve humanity.Through the unitary caring science resilience strategies,clinicians can build resilience as an antidote to clinician burnout and depletion.

Analysis of the psychological conditions and related factors of breast cancer patients

Sufferers of breast cancer are often plagued by various psychological problems. Mastectomy, which has a serious influence on the female sex characteristics, can bring about especially serious psychological problems. These problems affect not only the patients’ quality of life but also the beginning, development, and end of the disease. This paper reviewed the relationships between the patients’ personal factors, the disease itself, treatment factors, and other socio-psychological factors and psychological conditions so as to provide new ideas for the psychological intervention on breast cancer patients, comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and cure.

Resilience of nurses at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon

Objective:The study aimed to investigate the level and factors associated with the resilience of nurses practicing at the main COVID-19 referral center in Lebanon.Methods:The study utilized a cross-sectional survey design.Data were collected electronically in the spring of 2020 from 265 nurses.The questionnaire included five sections:demographic characteristics,job satisfaction,turnover intentions,exposure to violence,and resilience levels.Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors associated with resilience.Results:Results showed that the overall score of resilience among nurses was 66.91±13.34.Most nurses were satisfied with their job(67.8%),and most nurses reported that it is unlikely for them to quit their present work in the coming year(76.2%).Over the last year,three-quarters of nurses(74.7%)reported being ever exposed to a form of occupational violence.The resilience of nurses was directly associated with job satisfaction and male gender and inversely associated with intention-to-quit and exposure to violence(P<0.05).Conclusions:Enhancing the resilience of nurses at the frontline of the COVID-19 pandemic improves their job satisfaction and retention and would help support the effectiveness and efficiency of care services.Nurse managers can regularly investigate the resilience of nurses and offer interventions that would strengthen it,especially at times of crisis.

廖纪的学术思想探析

廖纪推崇儒家经典之"古本",对程朱理学进行了扬弃和批判。他在人性论上,坚持人性源于天命的一元论;在心性论上主张心、性、理合一,并将中庸之道诠释为涵养心性、治国、平天下的大道,并在此基础上,提出了德为本,财为末的"明德亲民"思想。廖纪的思想反映出他理性、严谨的学术态度和批判、创新的精神。

A meta-analytic review of the approach-avoidance achievement goals and performance relationships in the sport psychology literature

Purpose： To summarize the approach-avoidance achievement goal and performance in the sport psychology literature.Methods： A total of 17 published studies, two of which provided two samples, were located. Accepted meta-analytic procedures were used with Hedges g as the effect size metric. From the 17 studies, 73 effect sizes were calculated.Results： Results based on a random effects model indicated that the performance goal contrast had the largest facilitative impact on performance followed by the mastery and performance approach goals. Both of the avoidance goals performance and mastery had small non-significant and detrimental effects on performance. The homogeneity statistics revealed significant heterogeneity for the approach and avoidance performance goals. Categorical moderator variables were examined for study sex composition（male, female, or mixed）, mean age of sample（〈18 years or 18 years）, study setting（lab or naturalistic）, and nature of performance variable（objective or subjective）.Conclusion： The performance goal contrast holds value for sport performance research. Contrary to approach-avoidance predictions, the mastery-approach goal and performance effect size was significant and of equal magnitude as the performance approach goal and performance effect size. Thus, future research should closely test the efficacy of both the mastery- and performance contrasts in impacting performance of sport tasks. Last, the significant effect sizes reported in this review are in stark contrast to contemporary meta-analytic findings in education.Differences in the approach-avoidance goals in sport and education relative to performance should be researched further.