党对军队绝对领导制度的法理性分析

胡锦涛总书记在去年“七一”重要讲话中强调，要“坚持党对军队绝对领导的根本原则和人民军队的根本宗旨”。坚持党对军队的绝对领导，是我军的根本领导制度和建军治军的根本原则，是中国革命和建设实践经验的结晶。当前意识形态领域斗争尖锐复杂，中国共产党直接执掌军权的合理性与合法性不断受到质疑。如何从理论和实践上回答党对军队绝对领导的合理性和合法性，是军队院校政治理论研究的重要课题。

圆面透视新画法

本文在对传统圆面透视三种画法利弊充分分析的基础上 ,创造出新的目测理性分析法 ,此方法在素描基础教学中运用广泛 ,具有较强的实用意义。

不确定型决策方法探索

决策是人们在社会经济中最常见的一种综合活动,为了实现一定的目标,运用科学的理论和方法,分析客观条件,提出不同的方案,并且从中选择最优方案的过程。目前,决策根据对未来结果的变动性大小分为确定型决策、风险型决策和不确定型决策。用于不确定型决策的方法主要有,悲观法、乐观法、折衷法、等概率法和最小最大后悔值法五种,但各自存在较大的局限性。在本文中作者提出了一种新的解决此类问题的方法——理性分析决策法。

AN ESTIMATION OF FUZZY RELIABILITY OF DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD IN PREDICTION OF SURFACE SUBSIDENCE DUE TO COAL MINING

The quantitative evaluation of errors involved in a particular numerical modelling is of prime importance for the effectiveness and reliability of the method. Errors in Distinct Element Modelling are generated mainly through three resources as simplification of physical model, determination of parameters and boundary conditions. A measure of errors which represent the degree of numerical solution 'close to true value' is proposed through fuzzy probability in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the reliability of Distinct Element Method in rock engineering practice by varying the parameters and boundary conditions. The accumulation laws of standard errors induced by improper determination of parameters and boundary conditions are discussed in delails. Furthermore, numerical experiments are given to illustrate the estimation of fuzzy reliability. Example shows that fuzzy reliability falls between 75%-98% when the relative standard errors of input data is under 10 %.

A two-stage flexible flow-shop scheduling problem with m identical parallel machines on one stage and a batch processor on the other stage

This paper considers a hybrid two-stage flow-shop scheduling problem with m identical parallel machines on one stage and a batch processor on the other stage. The processing time of job Jj on any of m identical parallel machines is aj≡a （j∈N）, and the processing time of job Jj is bj（j∈N） on a batch processorM. We take makespan （Cmax） as our minimization objective. In this paper, for the problem of FSMP-BI （m identical parallel machines on the first stage and a batch processor on the second stage）, based on the algorithm given by Sung and Choung for the problem of 1 ｜ri, BI｜Cmax under the constraint of the given processing sequence, we develop an optimal dynamic programming Algorithm H1 for it in max {O（nlogn）, O（nB）} time. A max {O（nlogn） , O（nB）}time symmetric Algorithm H2 is given then for the problem of BI-FSMP （a batch processor on the first stage and m identical parallel machines on the second stage）.

A new method determining safe thickness of karst cave roof under pile tip

Cave roofs are used to support pile foundation in many engineering projects. Accurate stability analysis method of cave roof under pile tip is important in order to ensure the safety of the pile foundation structure. Firstly the mechanical model to analysis the stability of cave roof under pile tip is founded aiming to solve the problems that the simplified mechanical model has. Secondly, the boundary of cave roof is simply supposed to be supported according to the integrity of the rock mass in the boundary of cave roof. Thirdly, based on the theory of plates and shells, the simplified model is calculated and the theoretical calculation formula to determine the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip can be obtained when the edges of the cave roof are simply supported. In the end, the analysis of the practical engineering project proves the feasibility and the rationality of the method which can be a new method to calculate the safe thickness of cave roof under pile tip.

Knowledge Discovery for Event Series Decision Based on Rough Set

To make decisions about event series is part of our life, and to discover knowledge from these decisions is of great significance in the field of controlling and decision-making. The paper takes event series as the exterior form of movements with the dynamic attributes, and gets the Markov transition probabilities matrix to express those attributes with statistics. First, according to the matrix, the decision table is constructed. Then, by reducing attributes based on rough set theory, the decision table is reduced, and the decision rules are acquired as well. Finally we make the decision through defining rule distance and taking the minimum rule distance as decision principle. Followed is an example, which proves that the algorithm is feasible and effective to the event series decision.

Phase Transitions in a Mixture of Hard-Sphere Dipoles and Neutral Hard Spheres

Using the reference hypernetted chain （RHNC） integral equation theory and a rigorous stability analysis method, we investigate the phase behavior of a mixture of hard-sphere dipoles and neutral hard spheres based on the correlations of the homogeneous isotropic phase. Lowering the temperature down to the points where the RHNC equations fail to have a solution, several ttuctuations strongly increase. At low densities our results indicate the onset of ／ chain formation, which is similar with the pure DHS system. At high densities, the results indicate the appearance of isotropic-to-ferroelectric transitions （small neutral hard spheres concentrations） and demixing transitions （large neutral hard spheres concentrations）.

High-resolution Absorption Spectra of Acetylene in 142.8-152.3 nm

The absorption spectra of acetylene molecules was measured under jet-cooled conditions in the wavelength range of 142.8-152.3 nm, with a tunable and highly resolved vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） laser generated by two-photon resonant four wave difference frequency mixing processes. Due to the sufficient vibrational and rotational cooling effect of the molecular beam and the higher resolution VUV laser, the observed absorption spectra exhibit more distinct spectral features than the previous works measured at room temperature. The major three vibrational bands are assigned as a C-C symmetry stretching vibrational progress （v2=0.2） of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. The observed shoulder peak at 148,2 nm is assigned to the first overtone band of the trans-bending mode V4 of the C^1Πu state of acetylene. Additionally, the two components, 4^20（μ^1Π） and 4^20（k^1Πu）, are suggested to exhibit in the present absorption spectra, due to their Renner-Teller effect and transition selection rule. All band origins and bandwidths are obtained subsequently, and it is found that bandwidths are broadened and lifetimes decrease gradually with the excitation of vibration.

Analysis on Cost and Profit in Farming Activity in Malaysia

There is an excessive dissimilarity between scholars in how to accumulate output costs. Worldwide farming advancement is concerned with yield enhancement instead of a holistic natural source management for food safety. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding the achievement of agriculture systems subject to natural and conventional management in tropical and subtropical areas is insufficient. Why do several farmers record less profit than other farmers？ Cost in agriculture activity influences the volume of profit gained by farmers. The number of respondents was 53. Data analysis was made using linear regression analysis to achieve the objective. The scatter diagram manifested a positive connection in cost and profit in agriculture activity from 2009 to 2013. For each cost increase in 2009-2012, the model forecasts a rise of returns for every year. The rate of profit earned by farmers every year shifts considerably in relation to the rate of cost in agriculture activity. This study recommends common accounting principles practices that exercise bookkeeping and managerial accounting to enhance farmstead management and profit. Future research may be conducted on the use of compost fertilizer in increasing agricultural income.

Theoretical Studies on the Fe-M Interactions and 31p NMR in Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2MX2 （X=NCS, SCN, CI; M=Zn, Cd, Hg）

To study the Fe-M interactions and their effects on 31p NMR, the structures of Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2 1, Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2M（NCS）2 （2： M=Zn, 3： M=Cd, 4： M=Hg） and Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2CdX2 （5： X=C1, 6： X=SCN） were investigated by density functional theory （DFT） PBE0 method. The stabilities S of complexes follow S（2）〉S（3）〉S（4） and S（3）,.~S（6）〉S（5）, indicating that 6 is stable and may be synthesized. The complexes with thiocyanate are more stable than that with chloride in Fe（CO）3（EtPhPpy）2CdX2. The strength I of Fe-M interactions follows I（2）≈I（3）〈I（4）. The Fe-Cd interactions of 3 and 6, which contain thiocyanate, are stronger than that of 5 with chloride. The charge-transfer, which enhances with the increasing of Fe-M interaction strength, comes from Et, Ph, py, CO groups towards P, Fe, and M atoms. Because the delocalization of thiocyanate disperses the charge of M2＋, the charge-transfer of the complexes with thiocyanate is stronger than that with chloride. There is a a-bond between Fe and Hg atoms in 4. However, in binuclear complexes except 4, the Fe-M interactions act as nFe→nM, σP-Fe→nM and σC-Fe→nM delocalization, and the N-M interactions mainly act as nN→nM delocalization. In binuclear complexes, due to the Fe→M interactions, the strong σFe--C→σ＊Fe--p or σFe-Hg→σ＊Fe--I2 delocalization and the charge-transfer, the electron density on P nucleus is increased, and thus upfield 31p chemical shifts are caused （compared with mononuclear complex 1）.

A rapid analysis of coal with furnace under controlled multiple temperature areas

A novel thermogravimetric analyzer system of furnace with multiple temperature controller was described,which mainly decreased the analysis cycle duration down to 20 min.Furthermore,the present C591 rapid analyzer system under software can monitor and control some coal physical and chemical properties like change of coal,control com- bustion regulation,operation of coal mixture,and improvement of the turnover rate of the transportation facilities as well.

Manufacture of Flax Reinforced PP Laminates and Research on the Tensile Properties

Flax fiber was used to reinforce Polypropylene （PP） owing to its lower impact on environment and suitable mechanical behaviors. To overcome the difficulty of penetrating fibers due to the high viscosity of thermo-plastic resin, PP filaments wrapping around the linen yam produced commingled yams, which were woven into fabrics as preforms to make laminates by optimum hot-pressing technology. The effects of fiber volume fraction, fabric density and structure on tensile properties of composites were researched through analyzing the tensile test results and the scanning electronic microscope （SEM） micrographs of fracture surface. Conclusions are drawn that the properties of laminates with fiber volume fraction of 0.50 are better than those with the other two fractions. For plain structure, the tensile properties in warp direction decrease according to the increase of weft density while in weft direction increase. For different fabric structures, properties of laminates with structures of plain 3, twill 2/2 and twill 3/1 increase gradually. And properties in weft direction are prior to those in warp direction for each laminate.

Application of cusp catastrophe theory to reliability analysis of slopes in open-pit mines

A method of slope reliability analysis was developed by imposing a state equation on the limit equilibrium theory, given the basis of a fixed safety factor technique. Among the many problems of reliability analysis, the most important problem is to find a performance function. We have created a new method of building a limit state equation for planar slip surfaces by applying the mathematical cusp catastrophe theory. This new technique overcomes the defects in the traditional rigid limit equilibrium theory and offers a new way for studying the reliability problem of planar slip surfaces. Consequently, we applied the technique to a case of an open-pit mine and compared our results with that of the traditional approach. From the results we conclude that both methods are essentially consistent, but the reliability index calculated by the traditional model is lower than that from the catastrophic model. The catastrophe model takes into consideration two possible situations of a slope being in the limit equilibrium condition, i.e., it may or may not slip. In the traditional method, however, a slope is definitely considered as slipping when it meets the condition of a limit equilibrium. We conclude that the catastrophe model has more actual and instructive importance compared to the traditional model.

Pharmacological management of neuropathic pain in patients with vestibular schwannomas:Experience of the Atlantic Lateral Skull Base Clinic

Neuropathic pain is chronic pain generated by disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system, including skull base tumours. A skull base tumour can be any type of tumour that forms in the skull base, and this includes vestibular schwannomas which arise from the sheath of the inner ear vestibulocochlear nerve(eighth cranial nerve). Growth of the tumour, surgical resection, and/or stereotactic radiotherapy may result incompression and/or irritation of the fifth cranial nerve(trigeminal nerve) resulting in facial pain and/or numbness. Non-trigeminal afferent input may contribute to the wide constellation of symptoms seen in orofacial pain patients. The purpose of this report was to develop a decision tool to guide the recognition and treatment of neuropathic pain in this specialized population. Recommendations for treatment are based on evidence presented in Canadian and international neuropathic treatment guidelines. Algorithms are included for assessment and treatment of adult patients with agents that are recognized to have analgesic efficacy within the broad context of neuropathic pain.

Stability analysis for natural slope by kinematical approach

The stability of natural slope was analyzed on the basis of limit analysis. The sliding model of a kind of natural slope was presented. A new kinematically admissible velocity field for the new sliding model was constructed. The stability factor formulation by the upper bound theorem leads to a classical nonlinear programming problem, when the external work rate and internal energy dissipation were solved, and the constraint condition of the programming problem was given. The upper bound optimization problem can be solved efficiently by applying a nonlinear SQP algorithm, and stability factor was obtained, which agrees well with previous achievements.

Adaptive and local analysis of climate data

This paper focuses on how to extract physically meaningful information from climate data,with emphases placed on adaptive and local analysis. It is argued that many traditional statistical analysis methods with rigorous mathematical footing may not be efficient in extracting essential physical information from climate data;rather,adaptive and local analysis methods that agree well with fundamental physical principles are more capable of capturing key information of climate data. To illustrate the improved power of adaptive and local analysis of climate data,we also introduce briefly the empirical mode decomposition and its later developments.

Recent advances of TCM treatment of childhood atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a common and frequently encountered disease, which frequently appears in children. According to statistics, the percentage of AD patients between ages of 6 to 20 in dermatology clinics is 30%^1, and the incidence in school-age children is 2%-3%^2. AD has no corresponding nomenclature in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. According to the initial time of attack in early childhood, it cma be classified as NaiXuan and TaiXuan; according to the location of the disease （elbow fossa and popliteal fossa）, it can be classified as SiWanFeng; according to the specific cases of different characteristics of lesions, it can be classified as ShiChuang, JinYinchuang, XueFengChuang. In TCM, the etiology of AD is complicated. It is generally considered that the pathogenesis of AD is spleen deficiency and damp-heat^3. When children suffer from pathogenic wind, pathogenic dampness, pathogenic heat, or insufficient natural endowment, damp-heat is produced and it injures patients＇ skin. Also latent damp-heat can deplete the blood and succus in the body, dry the skin and lead to AD. In short, AD can be divided into 3 syndrome types in TCM： syndrome of spleen deficiency, syndrome of damp-heat, syndrome of blood deficiency. At present, the clinical study of AD treated by TCM is increasing, but the study of children＇s treatment is still rare. This article aims to make a summary of clinical studies of children＇s AD treated with TCM in recent years.

从法庭裁定方法的选择看美国反垄断政策的演变

从1890年美国国会通过《谢尔曼法》开始,美国的反垄断政策已有了百余年的历史,留下了一系列具有里程碑性质的法庭判例。在各个不同的历史时期,受当时的宏观经济环境、政府经济哲学以及经济理论界观点的影响,美国的反垄断政策及执法经历了严厉和宽松相间的发展过程,这突出反映为条文分析法和理性分析法交替成为法庭在反垄断诉讼中的主导裁定方法。进入20世纪90年代以后,在芝加哥学派及其后续学说的推动下,美国的反垄断政策及法庭裁定方法又出现了一系列的新变化。

The Decoupling Relationship between the Expansion of Urban Construction Land and Economic Growth in Jilin Province

In order to explore the relationship between urban construction land and economic development, this paper uses a decoupling model to analyze the decoupling relationship between expansion of urban construction land and economic growth in Jilin Province. The results show that from 2000 to 2015, the decoupling of urban construction land expansion and economic growth in Jilin province tended to be reasonable. The paper divides urban decoupling into three categories. The first type consists of ideal cities, including Liaoyuan and Baishan. The second type includes basic ideal cities like Changchun, Tonghua, Songyuan, Baicheng, and Yanbian. The third type consists of non-ideal cities, including Jilin and Siping. This paper puts forward relevant measures to promote the further decoupling of construction land expansion and economic growth in order to realize the sustainable use of land resources.