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论单纯语言符号与合成语言符号的理据差异 被引量:1
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作者 楼捷 《浙江外国语学院学报》 2014年第6期27-33,共7页
理据性是单纯符号与合成符号的第一共同属性。但是,两类符号的理据存在差异:合成符号的理据远远比单纯符号的理据复杂。因此,有必要区分对待和探寻两类不同符号的理据。文章主张以探寻"象似造词"等方法获得单纯符号理据。而... 理据性是单纯符号与合成符号的第一共同属性。但是,两类符号的理据存在差异:合成符号的理据远远比单纯符号的理据复杂。因此,有必要区分对待和探寻两类不同符号的理据。文章主张以探寻"象似造词"等方法获得单纯符号理据。而合成符号理据经常是多层次的,需要分解综合考证。此外,相对于单纯符号而言,合成符号的理据研究对加深母语的解释性和提高二语语块习得效率具有更大的现实意义。 展开更多
关键词 单纯符号 合成符号 理据差异
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Italian Asset Managers' Behavior: Evidence on Overconfidence, Risk Taking and Gender
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作者 Daniela Beckmann Torben Lutje Luca Rebeggiani 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2011年第12期1368-1385,共18页
This paper offers new insights into the Italian mutual fund industry. Surveying Italian professionals, we do not only reveal typical gender differences but also detect divergence to their German counterparts. While di... This paper offers new insights into the Italian mutual fund industry. Surveying Italian professionals, we do not only reveal typical gender differences but also detect divergence to their German counterparts. While disclosing Italian professionals' overly positive self-assessment in general, we find evidence for male overconfidence in particular--though without being accompanied by excessive control illusion of the own information level. Asset managers' risk taking reveals further differences: Italian female professionals do not only assess themselves as more risk averse than their male colleagues, they also prefer a more passive portfolio management compared to the level they are allowed to. Moreover, in a tournament scenario near the end of the investment period female asset managers do not try to become the ultimate top performer when they have outperformed their peer group so far. However, in case of underperformance, the risk of deviating from the benchmark makes especially female professionals willing to seize a chance of catching up. Overall, compared to their German counterparts, we find Italian asset managers to be slightly more risk averse. Matching bounded former results on Italian mutual funds, we discuss interdependencies as well as impact of our findings at the individual asset managers' level on trading activity, management style and performance. 展开更多
关键词 institutional investors GENDER OVERCONFIDENCE risk taking tournament behavior
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