朱熹理治社会核心价值论

宋以前传统礼治社会与宋明理治社会的儒家核心价值有明显区别。前者核心社会价值是"仁和",这与孔孟的"仁学"精神是一致的,也与中国传统文化的重要特征"和合"观念相吻合,追求一种"仁政"社会。"存天理、灭人欲"是以朱熹为代表的宋明理学理治社会核心价值的经典总结。"存天理,灭人欲"是道统圣人之言的体现,是人与自然、社会、万物的和谐统一,也是社会合理性的反映。"存天理,灭人欲"是政治警视批评性与平民世俗约束性的统一。

朱熹理治社会论

中国宋明社会与先秦汉唐社会是两个特征明显不同时期,宋明社会已经转向到"以理治国"为核心治国之道的"理治"社会时期。宋以后中国传统社会以朱子理学为宗,完成了由礼乐政刑向德礼政刑治理路径的转变,创立了儒家学说的"道统"体系,描绘了"天下平"理治社会的理想境界,并在此基础上建构起独具理论特色和现实价值的理治社会论。

后现代主义生态世界观的形成及其意义

后现代主义产生的历史条件是“现代性危机”,即德性传统失落所造成的意义危机和生态危机,其中建设性后现代主义流派企图为人类超越工业文明提供了一种自然—人类—社会有机复合的后现代生态世界观,是对现代性的辩证否定,也是对传统朴素的生态哲学尤其是中华传统道学的辩证回归。与后现代生态哲学相结合的中华道学智慧,可以解决中华民族的安身立命的信仰问题,指明了以生态哲学之“理”主导下的“后现代理治社会”的文明转型的理想前景。

ESG趋向下的公司治理现代化

近年来,ESG理念引起国际社会的广泛关注,域外也不乏将该理念纳入公司治理的制度实践。我国公司法早已确立公司社会责任要求,最近又呈现出将公司社会责任进一步明确化、法律化的立法趋势,但其具体要求和法律效力仍不明确。这一治理要求应兼具较低限度的强制性要求和较高限度的授权性规则的结合,强制要求公司决策时考虑公司行为的负外部性,并对公司机关作出更广泛的ESG授权,允许其偏离对股东利益最大化的追求。如此,既实现这一规范的制度目的,又赋予公司在ESG趋势下的更多决策空间,实现公司治理的现代化。

The Rational Man Model in Social and Political Studies： A Plea for Relevance

This paper examines the assumptions of the Rational Man （RM） model familiar in social and political studies. It is observed that the model is too restrictive in its explaining events and behavior in social and political situations. It is suggested that the assumptions of RM model should be relaxed using the familiar methods and techniques of elementary formal logic. The concept of relevance is then introduced to take account of a ＂weaker＂ formal requirement in an attempt to explain events and processes in human action and/or behavior. The concept of ＂justification by reasons＂ is then introduced as a necessary though not sufficient requirement of explaining events and processes in social and political studies

Tracing the Holistic Voice in Ecological Space： Exploring Theodore Roszak＇s Ecopsychology in Henri Lefebvre＇s ＂Differential Space＂

The goal of ecopsychology is to awaken the inherent sense of environmental reciprocity that lies within the ecological unconsciousness. Proclaiming the spirit of ecopsychology, Theodore Roszak argues that psychotherapy is an urban movement, but human beings can never heal themselves until they reconnect with nature. Other therapies aim at healing the alienation between person and person, person and family, person and society; ecopsychology intends to heal the more primary alienation between the person and the natural environment. Henri Lefebvre＇s work has revitalized urban studies, geography and planning via concepts like the social production of space. Lefebvre claims that space is not an inert, neutral, and pre-existing given, but rather, an on-going production of spatial relations. According to Lefebvre, space is produced by three types of practice： spatial practices of physical transformation of the environment, practices of representation of space, and everyday practices of representational space. Lefebvre further presents a ＂differential space,＂ named as such for its dialectical resistance to the forces of homogenization present in ＂abstract space.＂ The aim of this paper is to trace the ecological voice from Roszak＇s The Voice of the Earth in Henri Lefebvre＇s ＂differential space.＂ Roszak＇s ecopsychology has formed a differential space, acknowledging that the boundaries of dualism and separations such as mind and body, man and nature should be finally dissolved in terms of ecological sustainability. Within this space, a holistic approach and thinking are created and required to take into account perception of the inextricable relationship between all life and all phenomena.

The Policy Evolution From Social Governance To the Holistic Pension Service

Amid the complex domestic and international environment, Chinese management of the country transits from control gradually to the governance, national governance modernization pattern have also entered the stage of implementation strategy. The fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the implementation strategy of the refinement of social governance, making the policy more operable in the implementation level. This paper mainly analyzes the policy evolution fTom the social governance to the holistic service of the aged.

Harmful and Needless Emission of Refrigerant and Countermeasures

Refrigerants used in refrigerators are an important source of ozone depleting substances released into the atmosphere, and can have a significantly negative effect on the hole in the ozone layer. But most emission of refrigerants is man-made, unrea-sonable and needless. Since in most emission cases the refrigerants are contained in the refrigerators, we can retrieve them by some technique that changes the 'manual emission' into manual retriev-ing. To promote the retrieval action and diminish the pollution, society can use economic, administrative and technical counter-measures, which can create a 'good-cycle' both 'harnessing pollu-tion and earning income simultaneously', reinforce the motive of retrieving, and retrieve most proportion of refrigerants used by all refrigerators. This 'good-cycle' method can be easily promoted, and also a valuable way to promote other forms of environmental protection. The three countermeasures have almost no social cost, even no cost at all.

Corporate Governance Viability： Theoretical Exploration

The purpose of this exploratory paper is to try to envision how corporate governance systems and practices are evolving and what eventually determines the forms they take and the functions they perform. Practical implications especially concern different consequences that recent global economic crisis has imposed on regulatory, business, and social aspects of corporate governance. In order to encompass different approaches to this ongoing issue, the author takes into account mainly theoretical contributions that address the issue from the following perspectives： interrelations between product market competition and corporate governance, assessment of capital market pressures on corporate governance; relation between labour market and corporate governance; and actors influencing corporate governance changes in national systems of corporate governance. Since the viability of any corporate governance system and practice, at national and international levels, depends on their ability to respond to both market pressure towards competitiveness and diversified requirements by influential social, political, and economic actors of change, the author suggests that all groups of factors should continue to be in the focus of future researches. On the other hand, as global economic crisis differently affects different countries and businesses, it is of particular importance for those that shape corporate governance policies and practices to be aware of the deep relatedness between corporate governance, on the one hand, and economic, social, and environmental aspects of growth and development, on the other hand.

For a Still “Social” Housing： The Fluent Governance

Network governance, widely used as theoretical model in investigations on social housing, is not free from critiques, first of all, for the fact that it has a uni-directionality of bottom-up processes, when oriented to public deliberation, or top-down when decision-makers are technical experts at the political level. Given the new complexity of the social housing issue and the considered limits of the network governance, this work aims at looking for a possible different theoretical framework able to give different tools to simplify decision making processes without any alteration of any basic decisional element. The contribution given by this work is the proposition of what has been called ＂fluent governance＂ as a framework of decision making able to represent the whole spectrum of interventions in the process, also taking into account aspects not captured by standard models. The paper reports an experimentation of the proposed model conducted in Italy in the field of renovating social housing policy.

Multinational company performance management -- general motors, for example

The pattern of economic integration in the world today international political, economic, cultural and social environment. multinational company human resources management is facing a complex This paper use the research method of qualitative analysis, investigation method, and the multinational corporation management environment, the analysis of the factors influencing factors of performance management of multinational companies, general motors, for example, combined with the actual situation of performance management in a multinational company, is advantageous to the multinational companies to develop human resources, improve business performance.

Sustainability of Urban Lakes： Role of Values in Lake Governance in Ahmedabad, India

Lakes have different social, economical, and ecological values at different periods of societal development, which make them vulnerable to change. One of the ongoing discussions in urban lake governance in India is the revitalization of the urban lakes. The core challenge documented in the governance of urban lakes is to address and find balance in the changing and competing value systems. Effectively addressing the change （or priority） in the values linked to the governance systems is a major step toward sustainability of the urban lakes. There is still limited understanding of how the values of urban lakes are progressively linked to the social, ecological and economic values of the urban developments. The paper looks at the interactions and outcomes of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban lakes systems especially the values that sustain the institutional and ecological memory. The focus is on the role of values in urban lake governance. The multitier framework for analyzing social-ecological systems CSES） which is in developmental phase at Elinor Ostrom＇s Workshop is used as the guiding framework to build understanding of the urban lake governance in Ahmedabad, India and at the same time contribute to the development of the SES framework.

Survey of Contemporary College Students＇ Political Participation

The network of political participation is relative to the traditional political participation, it takes the Internet as a carrier, with distinctive character, with a more convenient, fast, and even without time and space constraints advantage. Political participation has to be affected by the social and economic development, political system, social and environmental factors, countries generally believe that collaboration between the Government and social organizations, networks of enterprises, schools and other interested parties are currently the main mode of network governance. College students are the main power of the network of political participation, the university plays an important role in the political participation process. Therefore, this article takes online political participation of college students as a starting point, through questionnaires and case interviews and other methods to investigate the current status of college students online political participation, analyze network characteristics and problems of college students in political participation, to guide the college network path which provides reference for orderly participation in political studies.

传统社会语境下的法律价值取向

宋明理学语境下的传统社会息讼观是先秦儒家思想无讼观的发展,也是唐宋以后社会经济环境与文化背景的产物,反映当时社会心理与实际要求。宋明理学影响下的士大夫试图通过教之、调之、养之、限之、刑之以达到息讼。宋明理学息讼是在肯定健讼的现实存在前提下的观念,它作为社会现实追求目标更具有务实性,利于培养民众的法律意识,提高民事纠纷诉讼地位认识,完善法律体系,使传统法律更具情理性、公正性、程序科学性,以实现社会平衡。

Governance Logic and Basic Systems of the New “Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China”: a Focus on Social Co-Governance

To modernize food safety governance, we must carry out basic restructuring of its internal logic at the national level to reflect the features of contemporary Chinese society that shape food safety. This will entail establishing an overarching, macro-level conception of food safety that integrates ＂baseline safety＂, ＂hub safety＂, ＂co-constructed safety＂ and ＂endogenous safety＂. These four dimensions of safety represent four fundamental requirements of food safety governance in modern Chinese society, which is a ＂risk society＂（Beck 1992） and one that is also complex, open and pluralist. These requirements are： maximum legal liability, a unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system, a concept of social co-governance, and enterprises being the primary entities accountable for food safety. This article uses this analytical framework to interpret the basic contents of the newly revised Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China, and uses a focus on social co-governance to present the institutional highlights of this law and the transformation of the internal logic of food safety governance.

The Structure and Operating Mechanisms of Chinese Society with Rule of Law

"Society with rule of law"is a concept strongly marked by the distinctive features of Chinese practice.It refers to the introduction of"rule of law"in the life of society over and above the operating system of public power.Like a country with rule of law and a government with rule of law,a society with rule of law has its own independent sphere,constituting the"one body,two wings"of Chinese rule of law.The concrete context of a country’s ability to mobilize,its existing legal system,the foundation of social governance,the state of social contradictions,etc.,may encourage or limit the construction of a society with rule of law.Such construction should have strongly identifiable target guidelines:it should guide orderly public participation in the governance of society,maintain good order in material and cultural life,calibrate supply and demand for basic public services,and define the proper space for the activities of social organizations.The community level is the main field for the construction of a society with rule of law.We should confront grassroots constraints,focus on the main business of grassroots society,and make full use of the function of grassroots social organizations.At the same time,we should effectively integrate the important roles of government,social organizations,enterprises,lawyers and other players in the construction of a society with rule of law.

“World Risk Society” Governance: The Paradigm of Complexity and Chinese Participation

The world is entering a highly uncertain“risk society.”Risk is a major feature of contemporary society,changing society’s operational logic and rules;society’s values and modes of behavior are being systematically reconstructed,and global governance is evolving into the governance of a“world risk society.”At present,global risk governance is highly fragmented and inefficient,and the existing modes of public management and international governance are still unsuited to the requirements of risk society governance.Modern society is an intricate system of endogenous complexity,unpredictability and fragility.Complexity is the fundamental mechanism driving the formation of global risk society,a society whose governance rests on the paradigm of complexity and on Chinese participation.Research on the complexity mechanism behind the formation of world risk society and the construction of values,culture and mechanisms that address its governance is significant for both theory and practice,enabling us to develop synergetic governance and an antifragile capacity that will identify and overcome risks.

Synergetic Innovation in Social Governance in a Complex Network Structural Paradigm

Society is in essence a complex network system that is open, evolving and adaptable and possesses a coupling function. Social governance is a large-scale and complex systems engineering project. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the environment and social affairs, the traditional government-led linear management model cannot provide effective interpretations and responses to complex social issues, and it is thus necessary to introduce the complexity scientific paradigm. Complexity science, especially complex system theory, has an intrinsic correspondence with social governance, and can reveal the inherent occurrence mechanism and rules brought about by the complexity of social governance. It indicates that the more complex a system is, the greater will be its requirements for systemic coordination and the more apparent its synergetic effects. A complex social network system is small-world and scale-free, with a community structure, preferential attachment and a topological structure characterized by the duality of virtuality and actuality. All of these have a direct and profound effect on social governance. To strengthen and innovate social governance, it is necessary to analyze the social system＇s complex network structure and characteristics, establish synergetic and innovative mechanisms and institutional arrangements for social governance, and carry out synergetic social governance.

The Social Governance Community in Transforming Neighborhoods:A Spatial Reconstruction Perspective

The strategies of rapid urbanization and rural revitalization have fostered the emergence of transforming neighborhoods. Using a framework integrating multiple spatial attributes that embeds the administrative nature of space in its social nature and raises the level of its governance, this paper provides theoretical generalizations for the social governance communities of transforming neighborhoods on the basis of a typology that divides them into four types: social governance communities of individually constructed neighborhoods, social governance communities in post-demolition constructed neighborhoods, social governance communities in immigrant constructed neighborhoods, and social governance communities in collectively constructed neighborhoods. Social governance communities of transforming neighborhoods emerge in the course of spatial reconstruction and redevelopment of production. At the stage of space reconstruction, the administrative nature of space plays its part in developing differentiated spatial governance features, while the social nature of space takes effect through the establishment of four types of social governance community social networks: the loosely connected network, the multiple components network, the close interest network and the highly associated network. At the stage of space production, the social nature of space is embedded in governance and takes effect through the integration of top-down administrative control and bottom-up resident autonomy. Consequently, we see the generation of four governance strategies of administration that adjust the autonomy of social governance communities: 'control-superficial governance,' 'guidance-deliberative governance,' 'support-collaborative governance,' and 'leading-governance by the people.' In terms of theory, this study conducts a theoretical dialogue with the existing 'controlled autonomy' and 'autonomy with administrative elimination,' and in terms of practice, it has implications for strengthening popular rule by neighborhood social governance communities and filling the ability gap in such communities.

The Resolution of Social Contradictions and Attainment of Societal Governance through the Justice System at the Present Stage——Using the Analytical Framework of Rational Choice Theory

The reality that social contradictions are intensifying in some parts of China has revealed some inescapable defects in the current stage of our criminal justice system and has presented new challenges to criminal justice. Justice is a crucial factor in effective linkages between social governance and the path to the rule of law, and the attainment of good social governance through justice is a basic marker of a rule of law society. Using the rational choice framework to examine representative individual cases, we can see that theories of participatory governance, self-governance and polycentric governance provide an approach to the interpretation of extreme social contradictions and the reduction of social conflicts, thus constituting a theoretical support and guiding direction for the reform of the judicial system. This will enable us to create a dispute resolution mechanism consistent with the concept of societal governance and judicial principles.