一种塑料盖理盖系统的设计

针对目前液体灌装行业应用最为广泛的封口材料——塑料盖,设计了一种新型自动理盖系统,介绍了该系统的结构及工作原理,对主要参数的确定进行了分析和计算。根据塑料盖具有重量轻的特点,在设计中采用了气路来实现瓶盖的快速输送和移动,采用两个光电检测点分别对料仓和滑道进行检测。该系统已在国内多个饮料灌装生产线上配套使用,效果良好。

胶囊罐装生产线中理盖技术的研究与探索

理盖技术胶囊自动罐装生产线上的重要组成部分,文章介绍三种通用的理盖技术,提升式理盖机、吹气式理盖机和振动式理盖机,并对他们的理盖技术进行了技术阐述。

果蔬汁灌装皇冠盖理盖器的设计

针对农副产品深加工的果蔬汁灌装生产需要,设计了一种皇冠盖理盖器。设计了采用磁力取盖的皇冠盖理盖器的主要结构,介绍了理盖工作过程,设计要点以及换向器工作原理。

一种泵头盖理盖装置设计

以泵头盖为研究对象,通过分析其结构特点,在初步试验的基础上探讨了一种适合该类瓶盖的整理供送装置主体设计方案。结合运动和受力理论分析,讨论了影响泵头盖理盖供送效果的主要工艺和结构参数。研究结果可为泵头盖的高速化整理供送装置设计及应用提供参考。

屋顶包饮品纸盒灌装机气动理盖机构的设计研究

该文主要进行全自动屋顶包饮品纸盒灌装机理盖机构的研究。通过对气动理盖机机械结构设计,保证了理盖机构的运行精度和可靠度。同时结合气体系统、可编程控制器的自动控制来实现屋顶包塑料盖子的理盖排盖、和输出。

旋盖机的主要工作机构分析

从旋盖机的理盖机构、上盖机构、旋盖机构3个方面,对旋盖机的主要工作机构进行了详细分析,通过不同的理盖、上盖、旋盖机构组合,可以构成不同结构的旋盖机,以便更好地完成旋盖封口工作。

塑料瓶药品包装机旋盖装置设计

根据现有药品包装水平及药品生产水平的调研,改进了药瓶旋盖装置的设计,大大提高了药品包装生产的效率,缩短了工作实效,节省了大量劳动力,减少了生产成本。设备主要包含四个部分装置,分别是:分瓶装置、上瓶装置、旋盖装置、理盖装置。设计主要完成理盖装置和旋盖装置的设计。

瓶盖垫片冲塞机的设计与研究

针对现有瓶盖垫片冲塞机所存在的生产能力不足的问题,提出一种新的设计方案。采用传送带取代传统的振动送料盘送盖,以大大提高理盖速度并降低噪声。利用盖口朝向不同的瓶盖重心位置上的差异进行瓶盖筛选,剔除盖口朝向不满足要求的瓶盖,方法简单而有效。将瓶盖垫片的冲裁和填塞进行合并,缩短了工序,可显著提高生产效率。通过更换不同型号的冲裁模、转盘和推杆,并调节送盖滑道两侧夹板的间距就能适应不同规格瓶盖的要求,为实现瓶盖的高速全自动生产奠定了基础。

胶囊灌装流水线的研究与设计

针对胶囊制药企业对自动化胶囊灌装生产线的需求,本文设计了胶囊灌装流水线上主要的功能设备,包括实现自动理瓶的理瓶机,自动完成胶囊数粒和灌装的数粒灌装机,以及后期工序的理盖、压紧、旋盖装置。并且通过分析各设备的结构和工作原理,提出了部分机构有待改进的方面,以更加完善胶囊灌装生产线上各设备的功能。

Effects of Land Cover on Soil Temperature,Humidity and Moisture in Phoebe bournei Forest

Under the condition of high temperature, the effects of five cover patterns （clean tillage, film mulching, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering） on soil properties in young Phoebe boumei forest were in- vestigated. The results showed that the five cover patterns all showed significant ef- fects on soil properties in young Phoebe bournei forest under the condition of high temperature. Land cover increased land temperature in Phoebe boumei forest. Un- der the film mulching, the land temperature was increased most rapidly with the largest increment. However, weed covering, branches and leaves covering and growing grass covering decreased land temperature. Among them, growing grass covering showed the best cooling effect. The film mulching, weed covering, branch- es and leaves covering and growing grass covering all increased land humidity. The film mulching showed the best moisture-preserving effect in the early period, but in the late period, the humidity in the film mulching treatment group was lower than that in the clean tillage treatment group. Among the five mulching patterns, moisture loss in the film mulching treatment group was slowest and least, followed by those in the weed covering and branches and leaves covering treatment groups, and moisture loss in the growing grass covering treatment group was fastest and most.

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Physical Characters of Soil and Yield and Yield Components of Sweet Potato

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of sweet potato. The results showed that plastic filming mulching increased soil temperature. Considering the soil temperature-increasing effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the warming effect of plastic film mulching was weakened. Black or white plastic film mulching was conducive to low T/R value, especially in the early growth stage of sweet potato. Plastic film mulching significantly improved the storage root yield of sweet potato. In terms of yield-improving effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. The storage root num- ber per plant showed a downward trend, but the weight of single storage root was increased.

瓶装中药丸剂包装机结构设计

本文通过分析,指出了影响包装质量和成本的关键部件,并对包装机结构设计进行了介绍。

The Growth and 1/4-Theorems for Spirallik Maps in l^P, B^P and Inner Product Space

The paper is made of two parts.In first part,We give the growth and 1/4-theorems for spiral like maps on the unit ball in l^p.Particularly,corresponding results were given in B^p.In the second part,we give the growth and 1/4-theorems for spirallike maps in an inner product space.We prove that the results is best.

Construction of overlay network based on P2P technology in Grid environment

Based on the advantages of both Grid and peer-to-peer （P2P） networks, an overlay network in the Grid environment is constructed by P2P technologies by a modified version of the Chord protocol. In this mechanism, different nodes＇ accesses to different resources are determined by their contribution. Therefore, the heterogeneous resources of virtual organizations in large-scale Grid can be effectively integrated, and the key node failure as well as system bottleneck in the traditional Grid environment is eliminated. The experimental results indicate that this management mechanism can achieve better average performance in the Grid environment and maintain the P2P characteristics as well.

Effects of Vegetation Coverage and Management Practice on Soil Nitrogen Loss by Erosion in a Hilly Region of the Loess Plateau in China

Soil erosion and nutrient loss due to erosion are world-wide problems. Similar to soil loss by erosion, soil nitrogen (N) loss by erosion in small catchments is affected by vegetation coverage. The practice of comprehensive management for catchments mainly by adjusting cropland, grassland and woodland areas was widely adopted to reduce soil and water loss in catchments of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Three experiments under natural and artificial rainfall conditions on N loss by erosion for a model catchment and for an actual catchment in Zhifanggou of Ansai County in China was performed to determine the relationships between comprehensive management and N loss by runoff in small catchments. The results for vegetation coverage of 60%, 40%, 20% and 0 show that runoff loss of ammonium, nitrate, and total N were 87.08, 44.31, 25.16, 13.71 kg/km(2); 85.50, 74.06, 63.95, 56.23 kg/km(2); and 0.18, 1.18, 1.98, 7.51 t/ km(2), respectively. Due to reduction in the size of cropped area on steeply sloping land, soil N loss by erosion in the catchments was decreased by 15.8% as compared with that in 1992, i.e., from 8 758.5 kg in 1992 to 7 562.2 kg in 1998. Whereas, catchments act as a filter for ammonium and nitrate in rain, the catchment filtering effects on nitrate is remarkably higher than that on ammonium. The enrichment of < 20 mum aggregate in sediment results in the enrichment of organic matter and total N in flood sediment. Greater vegetation coverage can effectively decrease soil erosion and total N loss. However, soil mineral N loss increased as vegetation coverage increased.

Wind tunnel test for wind pressure characteristics on a saddle roof

The wind pressure characteristics on a saddle roof at wind direction along the connection of the low points are systematically studied by the wind tunnel test. First, the distributions of the mean and the fluctuating pressures on the saddle roof are provided. Through the wind pressure spectra, the process of generation, growth and break down of the vortex on the leading edge is presented from a microscopic aspect and then the distribution mechanism of the mean and fluctuating pressures along the vulnerable leading edge is explained. By analysis of the wind pressure spectra near the high points, it can be inferred that the body induced turbulence reflects itself as a high-frequency pressure fluctuation. Secondly, the third-and fourth-order statistical moments of the wind pressure are employed to identify the non-Gaussian nature of the pressure time history and to construct an easy tool to localize regions with a non-Gaussian feature. The cause of the non-Gaussian feature is discussed by virtue of the wind pressure spectra. It is concluded that the non-Gaussian feature of the wind pressure originates from the effects of flow separation and body-induced turbulence, and the former effect plays an obvious role.

On Growth and Covering Theorem for Spiallike Mapping of Type β with Order α

In this paper, we consider growth and covering theorem for f（x）, where f（x） is spiallike mapping of type β with order α defined on unit ball B of complex Banach space, and x=0 is zero of order k＋1 for f（x）-x. We also dicate that the estimation is precise when β=0 and still give growth upper bound and distortion upper bound for subordinate mapping. This result include some results known.

A generalized cover renewal strategy for multiple crack propagation in two-dimensional numerical manifold method

Partition of unity based numerical manifold method can solve continuous and discontinuous problems in a unified framework with a two-cover system,i.e.,the mathematical cover and physical cover.However,renewal of the topology of the two-cover system poses a challenge for multiple crack propagation problems and there are few references.In this study,a robust and efficient strategy is proposed to update the cover system of the numerical manifold method in simulation of multiple crack propagation problems.The proposed algorithm updates the cover system with a bottom-up process:1)identification of fractured manifold elements according to the previous and latest crack tip position;and 2)local topological update of the manifold elements,physical patches,block boundary loops,and non-persistent joint loops according to the scenario classification of the propagating crack.The proposed crack tracking strategy and classification of the renewal cases promote a robust and efficient cover renewal algorithm for multiple crack propagation analysis.Three crack propagation examples show that the proposed algorithm performs well in updating the cover system.This cover renewal methodology can be extended for numerical manifold method with polygonal mathematical covers.

On Growth and Covering Theorem for Almost Spiallike Mapping of Type β with Order α

Let f（x） be an almost spirallike mapping of type β with order B on unit ball B of complex Banach space X. In this paper, we consider the growth and covering theorems for f（x）, we also prove that the estimation is precise when β=0 and still give growth upper bound and distortion upper bound for subordinate mapping. This result include some results known.

Variations of Snow Temperature and their Influence on Snow Cover Physical Parameters in the Western Tianshan Mountains,China

This article discussed about snow temperature variations and their impact on snow cover parameters. Automatic temperature recorders were used to sample at lo-minute intervals at the Tianshan Station for Snow-cover and Avalanche Research, Chinese snow temperature Academy of Sciences. lo-layer and the snow cover parameters were measured by the snow property analyzer （Snow Fork） in its Stable period, Interim period and Snow melting period. Results indicate that the amplitude of the diurnal fluctuation in the temperature during Snow melting period is 1.62 times greater than that during Stable period. Time up to the peak temperature at the snow surface lags behind the peak solar radiation by more than 2.5 hours, and lags behind the peak atmospheric temperature by more than 0.2 hours during all three periods. The optimal fitted function of snow temperature profile becomes more complicated from Stable period to Snow melting period. 22 h temperature profiles in Stable period are the optimal fitted by cubic polynomial equation. In Interim period and Snow melting period, temperature profiles are optimal fitted by exponential equation between sunset and sunrise, and by Fourier function when solar radiation is strong. The vertical gradient in the snow temperature reaches its maximum value at the snow surface for three periods. The peak of this maximum value occurs during Stableperiod, and is 4.46 times greater than during Interim period. The absolute value of temperature gradient is lower than 0.1℃ cm-1 for 30 cm beneath snow surface. Snow temperature and temperature gradient in Stable period-Interim period indirectly cause increase （decrease） of snow density mainly by increasing （decreasing） permittivity. While it dramatically increases its water content to change its permittivity and snow density in Snow melting period.