钒酸盐管饲对STZ糖尿病大鼠OGTT和理糖激素的影响(英文)

目的研究一定剂量的钒酸盐的降糖作用与理糖激素变化的关系。方法采用管饲法喂饲Wistar大鼠20mg·kg-1 ·d-1 正钒酸钠(Va)共2wks ,观察口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)、胰岛素释放曲线、胰高血糖素(Glc)、皮质酮(Cor)、体重的变化。结果Va不影响正常大鼠的OGTT和血浆Glc和Cor水平 ,而抑制体重的增长 ;Va显著改善STZ糖尿病大鼠的OGTT ,并使升高的Glc和Cor正常化 ,而低体重和低水平的胰岛素释放曲线无明显改善。结论提示该剂量的Va可有效地降血糖 ,纠正糖尿病糖代谢和激素紊乱 ,但对体重仍有较明显的副作用。

实验性胆源性脓毒症时宿主血糖和理糖激素反应

于兔右侧叶肝管开口近端结扎肝总管，并向其近端肝管内注入２×１０￣８Ｅ·ｃｏｌｉ／０．２ｍｌ大肠杆菌菌液，从而诱发脓毒症。在伤后１２、２４和４８ｈ采取动脉血用糖氧化酶法测定血糖含量；用放免法测定血浆胰高糖素、皮质醇和胰岛素的浓度。伤后１２ｈ动物血糖显著升高，至伤后２４ｈ血糖转而持续降低。血乳酸水平进行性升高。血胰高糖素水平持续显著升高；血皮质醇水平在伤后１２～２４ｈ显著升高，至４８ｈ降至正常；而血胰岛素水平变化不显著。上述结果表明，兔胆源性脓毒症时血糖水平呈早期高血糖继以持续低血糖的双相反应；低血糖相不依赖于促进糖异生的激素环境和底物水平，可能是肝细胞水平上糖异生途径抑制的结果。

糖络理颗粒治疗糖尿病周围神经病变气阴两虚兼瘀证临床观察

目的:观察糖络理颗粒对糖尿病周围神经病变气阴两虚兼瘀证的临床疗效。方法:将120例糖尿病周围神经病变气阴两虚兼瘀证患者随机分为两组,治疗组60例,口服糖络理颗粒;对照组60例,口服甲钴胺片,尼莫地平片,两组均以糖尿病常规治疗控制血糖。结果:总有效率治疗组为88.3%,对照组为46.7%,两组疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:糖络理颗粒治疗糖尿病周围神经病变气阴两虚兼瘀证疗效显著。

岳仁宋运用椒芪连梅汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变经验

岳仁宋运用椒芪连梅汤治疗糖尿病周围神经病变具有丰富的经验,其认为脾弱胃强是糖尿病的核心病机。糖尿病周围神经病变是糖尿病日久而发病,素体脾肾阳虚,津液输布障碍,浊毒邪气郁积,从而发为麻木、冷痛。核心病机是阳气亏虚,毒损脉络,因此治疗当选择温阳通痹、理糖泄毒为法,温养阳气,宣通闭阻,调节精微输布,驱逐病理浊毒,用以花椒、黄芪、黄连、乌梅为主要药物的椒芪连梅汤治疗,临床疗效显著。并附验案1例,以资佐证。

动态血糖监测新技术在2型糖尿病的临床分析

目的观察动态血糖监测新技术在2型糖尿病中的临床应用效果。方法将该院收治的2型糖尿病患者86例作为样本,所有患者均采用3种方式监测血糖。结果动态血糖监测结果提示,患者空腹血糖、早餐后2 h、午餐后2 h、晚餐后2 h血糖,与指端毛细血管及静脉血糖监测结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。动态血糖监测时,患者的满意度为98.84%。与指端毛细血管及静脉血糖监测相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,患者FPG(6.80±0.02)mmol/L、2 h PBG(8.00±0.78)mmol/L。与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用辅理善瞬感扫描检测仪监测血糖,效率高、无痛苦,有助于提高患者的依从性及满意度,改善血糖控制效果,提高2型糖尿病治疗的有效率。

消渴病从湿论治的机制探析

基于一元论的朴素哲学思想,探究消渴病的主要病因,进而为中医消渴病及其并发症的防治探索方向。从"湿"的来源及分类着手,区分湿气与湿邪。在湿的代谢及转化中分析湿气与血糖的关系。以气化理论为基础,在"湿"与"气"的形气转化中,探索物质转化与能量代谢。从中医之"毒"的本质着手,结合糖毒的致病特点,探索湿毒与糖毒的关系、湿邪与其他病理产物的关系,进而指导临床。

Study on the Fermentation Conditions of a Mucopolysaccharide-producing Bacterium LV-1

bacterium LV-1 which isolated from soil sample were studied bacterium was isolated by serial dilution method, the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, the initial pH and temperature on producing polysaccharide by it were discussed to confirm the optimum fermentation conditions. [ Result] The physicochemical properties showed that the polysaccharide was water-soluble, but insoluble in organic solvents including ethanol, butanol, and chloroform. It was neutral polysaccharide with negative charge and without reducing terminal. The pH of its solution was pH =7.5. There were no protein, fructose, uronic acid, sulphate and starch-like structure included in po/ysacchadde molecules. The optimum fermentation conditions for po/ysaccharide produc- tion were 3% mannitol as carbon source, 0.25% yeast extract as nitrogen source, culture temperature 28 ~（3 and pH =7.5. [Coadu^en] The re- search could provide basis for development and utilization of LV-1 and industrialized production of mucopolysaccharide.

Characterization of an Estrus-Associated Glycoprotein in Oviductal Fluid of Sheep

Estrus-associated glycoprotein (EGP) is a special protein in oviductal fluid which appears before ovulation and fertilization and disappears after the embryo passes into the uterus. One-and two dimensional SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with monoclonal antibody or peanut agglutinin were used to characterize the glycoprotein,The specificity of the marking agents enabled the study to proceed without purification. EGP was found to include two proteins: one is acidic with a pH of 4.5 while the other is basic with a pH of 8.0 The molecular weights of their subunits are the same, that is 110 kD. This study may shed light on the mechanism of reproductive Process and be helpful to the development of a more cffective culture medium for in vitro culture of early embryo.

Advances in Toxicology of Nε-(carboxymethyl)-lysine(CML)

Advanced glycation end-products （AGEs） are products of non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, lipids or nucleic acids and other macromolecules. To be spe- cific, Nε-（carboxymethyl）-Iysine （CML） is one of the most important components of AGEs, which is wildly distributed in the body and can be formed in vivo or in food processing and heating processes. Previous studies have shown that CML is a ma- jor immunological epitope in AGEs and plays an important role in diabetes and its complications, as well as in the development and progression of aging. This review summarized recent advances in major source, toxicological hazard and control mea- sures of CML.

Roles of galectins in inflammatory bowel disease

Protein/carbohydrate interactions through specific protein families termed lectin control essential biological processes. Galectins, a family of animal lectins defined by shared amino acid sequence with affinity for β-galactosides, appear to be functionally polyvalent in a wide range of biological activity. Recent studies have identified immunoregulatory roles of galectins in intestinal inflammatory disorders. Galectin-1 and galectin -2 contribute to the suppression of intestinal inflammation by the induction of apoptosis of activated T cells, whereas galectin-4 is involved in the exacerbation of this inflammation by specifically stimulating intestinal CD4+ T cells to produce IL-6. We review how different members of the galectins provide inhibitory or stimulatory signals to control intestinal immune response under intestinal inflammation.

Research on Physical and Chemical Properties of Corynebacterium glutamicum in Fermentation Process of the Glucose of Wheat Starch

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the physical and chemical char- acteristic of Corynebacterium glutamicum in fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch. [Method] The purity of glutamic acid in fermentation period, optical density and cell viability of bacteria were detected as indicators for regression com- parison and analysis. [Result] The relative error d=-3.316 6% within the experimental range of Warburg trace breathing apparatus and double function analyzer. The linear relationship was s1=（1-d）s2. During the fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch, the average cell activity was 6.24 μA and the maximum cell activity was 6.61 μA. [Conclusion] Compared with optical density, cell viability can more accurate- ly reflect the physical and chemical properties of Corynebacterium glutamicum in fermentation process of the glucose of wheat starch. There was certain correlation between cell membrane phospholipids and cell viability.

Response of BRCA1-mutated gallbladder cancer to olaparib: A case report

gallbladder cancer(gbc), although considered as a relatively rare malignancy, is the most common neoplasm of the biliary tract system. the late diagnosis and abysmal prognosis present challenges to treatment. the overall 5-year survival rate for metastatic gbc patients is extremely low. BRC A1 and BRCA2 are the breast cancer susceptibility genes and their mutation carriers are at a high risk for cancer development, both in men and women. Olaparib, an oral poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European commission for the treatment of ovarian cancer with any BRCA1/2 mutations. the first case of BRCA1-mutated gbc patient who responded to olaparib treatment is reported here.

Protective effect and mechanism of stronger neo-minophagen C against fulminant hepatic failure

AIM： To investigate the protective effect of stronger neo-minophafen C （SNMC） on fulminant hepatic failure （FHF） and its underlying mechanism. METHODS： A mouse model of FHF was established by intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine （D-Gal N） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS）. The survival rate, liver function, inflammatory factor and liver pathological change were obtained with and without SNMC treatment. Hepatoo/te survival was estimated by observing the stained mitochondria structure with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate fluorescence nick end labeling （TUNEL） method and antibodies against cytochrome C （Cyt-C） and caspase-3. RESULTS： The levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α）, nitric oxide （NO）, ET-1, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and the degree of hepatic tissue injury were decreased in the SNMC-treated groups compared with those in the model group （P 〈 0.01）. However, there were no differences after different dosages administered at different time points. There was a significant difference in survival rates between the SNMC-treated groups and the model group （P 〈 0.01）. The apoptosis index was 32.3% at 6 h after a low dose of SNMC, which was considerably decreased from 32.3% ± 4.7% vs 5% ± 2.83% （P 〈 0.05） to 5% on d 7. The expression of Cyt-C and caspase-3 decreased with the prolongation of therapeutic time. Typical hepatocyte apoptosis was obviously ameliorated under electron microscope with the prolongation of therapeutic time. CONCLUSION： SNMC can effectively protect liver against FHF induced by LPS/D-Gal N. SNMC can prevent hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting inflammatory reaction and stabilizing mitochondria membrane to suppress the release of Cyt-C and sequent activation of caspase-3.

Preventive effect of a pectic polysaccharide of the common cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos L. on acetic acid-induced colitis in mice

AIM： To study isolation and chemical characterization of pectin derived from the common cranberry Vaccin/um oxycoccos L. （oxycoccusan OP） and the testing of its preventive effect on experimental colitis. METHODS： Mice were administrated orally with OP two days prior to a rectal injection of 5% acetic acid and examined for colonic damage 24 h later. Colonic inflammation was characterized by macroscopical injury and enhanced levels of myeloperoxidase activity measured spectrophotometrically with o-phenylene diamine as the substrate. The mucus contents of the colon were determined by the Alcian blue dye binding method. Vascular permeability was estimated using 4% Evans blue passage after i.p. injection of 0.05 mol/L acetic acid. RESULTS： In the mice treated with OP, colonic macroscopic scores （1.1 ± 0.4 vs 2.7, P 〈 0.01） and the total square area of damage （10 ± 2 vs 21 ± 7, P 〈 0.01） were significantly reduced when compared with the vehicle-treated colitis group. OP was shown to decrease the tissue myeloperoxidase activity in colons （42 ± 11 vs 112 ± 40, P 〈 0.01） and enhance the amount of mucus of colitis mice （0.9 ± 0.1 vs 0.4 ± 0.1, P 〈 0.01）. The level of colonic malondialdehyde was noted to decrease in OP-pretreated mice （3.6 ± 0.7 vs 5.1 ± 0.8, P 〈 0.01）. OP was found to decrease the inflammatory status of mice as was determined by reduction of vascular permeability （161 ± 34 vs 241 ± 21, P 〈 0.01）. Adhesion of peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages was also shown to decrease after administration of OP （141 ± 50 vs 235 ± 37, P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Thus, a preventive effect of pectin from the common cranberry, namely oxycoccusan OP, on acetic acid-induced colitis in mice was detected. A reduction of neutrophil infiltration and antioxidant action may be implicated in the protective effect of oxycoccusan.

Basal physiological parameters in domesticated tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

Establishing non-human primate models of human diseases is an efficient way to narrow the large gap between basic studies and translational medicine. Multifold advantages such as simplicity of breeding, low cost of feeding and facility of operating make the tree shrew an ideal non-human primate model proxy. Additional features like vulnerability to stress and spontaneous diabetic characteristics also indicate that the tree shrew could be a potential new animal model of human diseases. However, basal physiological indexes of tree shrew, especially those related to human disease, have not been systematically reported. Accordingly, we established important basal physiological indexes of domesticated tree shrews including several factors: (1) body weight, (2) core body temperature and rhythm, (3) diet metabolism, (4) locomotor rhythm, (5) electroencephalogram, (6) glycometabolism and (7) serum and urinary hormone level and urinary cortisol rhythm. We compared the physiological parameters of domesticated tree shrew with that of rats and macaques. Results showed that (a) the core body temperature of the tree shrew was 39.59±0.05 °C, which was higher than that of rats and macaques; (b) Compared with wild tree shrews, with two activity peaks, domesticated tree shrews had only one activity peak from 17:30 to 19:30; (c) Compared with rats, tree shrews had poor carbohydrate metabolism ability; and (d) Urinary cortisol rhythm indicated there were two peaks at 8:00 and 17:00 in domesticated tree shrews, which matched activity peaks in wild tree shrews. These results provided basal physiological indexes for domesticated tree shrews and laid an important foundation for diabetes and stress-related disease models established on tree shrews.

Microwave Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Different Pentose Carbohydrates as Reducing Agents

A fast, green and readily reproducible microwave-based method for the production of high quality silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） in high yield is presented. Starch is used as a stabilizing agent with few pentose different reducing carbohydrates as D-ribose, D-arabinose and L-arabinose. From the UV-vis peak profile spectra of the solutions of the silver nanoparticles, the authors have investigated the size of the NPs together with the average diameter, shape, and aggregation state of the colloidal AgNPs. TEM measurements and EDX analysis have confirmed the morphology of our AgNPs.

Study of Resistin gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell and its gene polymorphism in a small range population

Objective: To observe the expression of Resistin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its gene poly-morphism in coding region in a small range population in Zhejiang Province of China. Methods: Eighty-three cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 53 healthy people were included. The expression of Resistin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by RT-PCR and semi-quantitative PCR assay. The sequencing work was done in Resistin cDNA and gene poly-morphism was analyzed. Results: At the same condition, in 83 diabetes patients, Resistin mRNA was detected in 23 cases (11 males and 12 females). There was no Resistin mRNA expression in 53 healthy people. The ratio of PCR products between Resistin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was from 0.564 to 1.238, averaging 0.804±0.436. The sequence of Resistin cDNA is almost identical with each other and with that in GenBank with no single nucleotide polymorphism being found. Conclusion: Resistin mRNA is expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in some type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its expression is at a low level. Among the experiment population we did not find polymorphism phenomenon in Resistin coding region. The different individual’s Resistin coding region is highly coincident.

Homologous recombination in DNA repair and DNA damage tolerance

Homologous recombination （HR） comprises a series of interrelated pathways that function in the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks （DSBs） and interstrand crosslinks （ICLs）. In addition, recombination provides critical support for DNA replication in the recovery of stalled or broken replication forks, contributing to tolerance of DNA damage. A central core of proteins, most critically the RecA homolog Rad51, catalyzes the key reactions that typify HR： homology search and DNA strand invasion. The diverse functions of recombination are reflected in the need for context-specific factors that perform supplemental functions in conjunction with the core proteins. The inability to properly repair complex DNA damage and resolve DNA replication stress leads to genomic instability and contributes to cancer etiology. Mutations in the BRCA2 recombination gene cause predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer as well as Fanconi anemia, a cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by a defect in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks. The cellular functions of recombination are also germane to DNA-based treatment modalities of cancer, which target replicating cells by the direct or indirect induction of DNA lesions that are substrates for recombination pathways. This review focuses on mechanistic aspects of HR relating to DSB and ICL repair as well as replication fork support.