The microstructures of as-extruded and stabilizing heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffracti...The microstructures of as-extruded and stabilizing heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques.The change in structure after heat treatment and its effects on room temperature creep behavior were investigated by creep experiments at constant stress and slow strain rate tensile tests.The results show that after stabilizing heat treatment((350℃,30 min,water-cooling)+(100℃,12 h,air-cooling)),the amount of α+η lamellar structure decreases,while the amount of cellular and granular structure increases.The heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the as-extruded alloy,and the rate of steady state creep decreases by 96.9% after stabilizing heat treatment.展开更多
The microstructure, the content of compounds, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high vacuum die casting Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy (mass fraction, %) under T4 condition and T6 condition were investigated. Th...The microstructure, the content of compounds, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high vacuum die casting Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy (mass fraction, %) under T4 condition and T6 condition were investigated. The microstructure for the as-cast Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy mainly consists ofα-Mg and eutectic Mg24(Gd,Y)5 compound. After solution treatment, the eutectic compounds dissolve massively into the Mg matrix. The main composition of solution-treated alloys is supersaturated α-Mg and cuboid-shaped phase. The T4 heat treated samples have increasing cuboidal particles with the increase of heat treatment temperature, which turn out good mechanical properties. The optimum T4 heat treatment for high vacuum die cast Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy is 475 ℃, 2 h according to microstructure results. The optimum ultimate strength and elongation of solution-treated Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy are 222.1 MPa and 15.4%, respectively. The tensile fracture mode of the as-cast, and T6 heat treated alloys is transgranular quasi-cleavage fracture.展开更多
The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and fracture characteristics of bimodal microstructured Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy were investigated by isothermal tensile tests.Results reveal that flow softening is...The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and fracture characteristics of bimodal microstructured Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy were investigated by isothermal tensile tests.Results reveal that flow softening is caused by dynamic globularization of the bimodal microstructure,which also results in a relatively high stress exponent and thermal activation energy.The corresponding SEM,EBSD and TEM observations indicate that the dynamic globularization at750and800℃is accomplished by the formation ofα/αsub-grain boundary and penetration of theβphase.However,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is the main globularization mechanism at850℃,which was proved by the generation of fine grains with a necklace-like character due to the transformation of low-angle boundaries(LABs)into high-angle boundaries(HABs).With an increase in the deformation temperature or a decrease in the strain rate,the fracture mechanism changes from microvoid coalescence to intergranular fracture.展开更多
The microstructural evolution and creep deformation behavior which were adjusted and controlled by age treatment of a novel Ti-22Al-25Nb-1Mo-1V-1Zr-0.2Si(mole fraction,%)alloy,were investigated.The microstructures wer...The microstructural evolution and creep deformation behavior which were adjusted and controlled by age treatment of a novel Ti-22Al-25Nb-1Mo-1V-1Zr-0.2Si(mole fraction,%)alloy,were investigated.The microstructures were obtained at different heat treatment temperatures and analyzed by SEM and TEM techniques.The creep behavior of the alloy was studied at 650℃,150 MPa for 100 h in air.The results showed that the initial microstructure mainly contained lath-likeα2,B2,and O phases.The precipitated O phase was sensitive to aging temperature.With the aging temperature increasing,the thickness of the precipitated O phase was also increased,and the length was shortened.The creep resistance of this alloy was relevant to the morphology and volume faction of the lamellar O phase.The increase of lamellar O phase in thickness was the main reason for the improved creep properties.展开更多
Haemangiopericytoma(HPC) is a rare vascular tumor with borderline malignancy, considerable histological variability, and unpredictable clinical and biological behavior. HPC can present a diagnostic challenge because o...Haemangiopericytoma(HPC) is a rare vascular tumor with borderline malignancy, considerable histological variability, and unpredictable clinical and biological behavior. HPC can present a diagnostic challenge because of its indeterminate clinical, radiological, and pathological features. HPC generally presents in adulthood and is equally frequent in both sexes. HPC can arise in any site in the body as a slowly growing and painless mass. The precise cell type origin of HPC is uncertain. One third of HPCs occur in the head and neck areas. Exceptional cases of hemangioblastoma arising outside the head and neck areas have been reported, but little is known about their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features. This study reports on a case of a large sacro-anterior HPC in a 65-year-old male.展开更多
Innovation is a process results in new products, methods of production and forms of business organization. Innovation can vastly improve the welfare of consumers, investors, firms and the economy. However, there is re...Innovation is a process results in new products, methods of production and forms of business organization. Innovation can vastly improve the welfare of consumers, investors, firms and the economy. However, there is relatively limited evidence of how corporate governance affects corporate innovation. In this study, the author theoretically demonstrates how internal governance mechanisms interact to affect innovation, such as internal control, monitoring and compensation contracts. Governance mechanisms are determined by firm characteristics. The "best" governance structures that can be adopted universally do not exist. However, innovative firms often share similar characteristics, and they adopt similar governance mechanisms to facilitate innovation. The ultimate purpose of such internal governance mechanism that facilitates innovation is to prevent managers' myopia, and this paper concludes 5 different roles in internal governance mechanism that facilitate corporate innovation behavior.展开更多
Inspired by the swarm intelligence in self-organizing behavior of real ant colonies, various ant-based algorithms were proposed recently for many research fields in data mining such as clustering. Compared with the pr...Inspired by the swarm intelligence in self-organizing behavior of real ant colonies, various ant-based algorithms were proposed recently for many research fields in data mining such as clustering. Compared with the previous clustering approaches such as K-means, the main advantage of ant-based clustering algorithms is that no additional information is needed, such as the initial partitioning of the data or the number of clusters. In this paper, we present an adaptive ant clustering algorithm ACAD. The algorithm uses a digraph where the vertexes represent the data to be clustered. The weighted edges represent the acceptance rate between the two data it connected. The pheromone on the edges is adaptively updated by the ants passing it. Some edges with less pheromone are progressively removed under a threshold in the process. Strong connected components of the final digraph are extracted as clusters. Experimental results on several real datasets and benchmarks indicate that ACAD is conceptually simpler, more efficient and more robust than previous research such as the classical K-means clustering algorithm and LF algorithm which.is also based on ACO展开更多
基金Project(2009BAE71B00) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period
文摘The microstructures of as-extruded and stabilizing heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloys were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,electron probe microanalysis and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques.The change in structure after heat treatment and its effects on room temperature creep behavior were investigated by creep experiments at constant stress and slow strain rate tensile tests.The results show that after stabilizing heat treatment((350℃,30 min,water-cooling)+(100℃,12 h,air-cooling)),the amount of α+η lamellar structure decreases,while the amount of cellular and granular structure increases.The heat-treated Zn-10Al-2Cu-0.02Ti alloy exhibits better creep resistance than the as-extruded alloy,and the rate of steady state creep decreases by 96.9% after stabilizing heat treatment.
基金Projects(51171113,51301107)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2012M511089,2013T60444)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProjects(2011BAE22B02,2011DFA50907)supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘The microstructure, the content of compounds, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of high vacuum die casting Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy (mass fraction, %) under T4 condition and T6 condition were investigated. The microstructure for the as-cast Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy mainly consists ofα-Mg and eutectic Mg24(Gd,Y)5 compound. After solution treatment, the eutectic compounds dissolve massively into the Mg matrix. The main composition of solution-treated alloys is supersaturated α-Mg and cuboid-shaped phase. The T4 heat treated samples have increasing cuboidal particles with the increase of heat treatment temperature, which turn out good mechanical properties. The optimum T4 heat treatment for high vacuum die cast Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy is 475 ℃, 2 h according to microstructure results. The optimum ultimate strength and elongation of solution-treated Mg-8Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy are 222.1 MPa and 15.4%, respectively. The tensile fracture mode of the as-cast, and T6 heat treated alloys is transgranular quasi-cleavage fracture.
基金Project (LQ18E050007) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject (20120006110017) supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China
文摘The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and fracture characteristics of bimodal microstructured Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy were investigated by isothermal tensile tests.Results reveal that flow softening is caused by dynamic globularization of the bimodal microstructure,which also results in a relatively high stress exponent and thermal activation energy.The corresponding SEM,EBSD and TEM observations indicate that the dynamic globularization at750and800℃is accomplished by the formation ofα/αsub-grain boundary and penetration of theβphase.However,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is the main globularization mechanism at850℃,which was proved by the generation of fine grains with a necklace-like character due to the transformation of low-angle boundaries(LABs)into high-angle boundaries(HABs).With an increase in the deformation temperature or a decrease in the strain rate,the fracture mechanism changes from microvoid coalescence to intergranular fracture.
基金Project(51601146) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017M613234) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The microstructural evolution and creep deformation behavior which were adjusted and controlled by age treatment of a novel Ti-22Al-25Nb-1Mo-1V-1Zr-0.2Si(mole fraction,%)alloy,were investigated.The microstructures were obtained at different heat treatment temperatures and analyzed by SEM and TEM techniques.The creep behavior of the alloy was studied at 650℃,150 MPa for 100 h in air.The results showed that the initial microstructure mainly contained lath-likeα2,B2,and O phases.The precipitated O phase was sensitive to aging temperature.With the aging temperature increasing,the thickness of the precipitated O phase was also increased,and the length was shortened.The creep resistance of this alloy was relevant to the morphology and volume faction of the lamellar O phase.The increase of lamellar O phase in thickness was the main reason for the improved creep properties.
文摘Haemangiopericytoma(HPC) is a rare vascular tumor with borderline malignancy, considerable histological variability, and unpredictable clinical and biological behavior. HPC can present a diagnostic challenge because of its indeterminate clinical, radiological, and pathological features. HPC generally presents in adulthood and is equally frequent in both sexes. HPC can arise in any site in the body as a slowly growing and painless mass. The precise cell type origin of HPC is uncertain. One third of HPCs occur in the head and neck areas. Exceptional cases of hemangioblastoma arising outside the head and neck areas have been reported, but little is known about their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features. This study reports on a case of a large sacro-anterior HPC in a 65-year-old male.
文摘Innovation is a process results in new products, methods of production and forms of business organization. Innovation can vastly improve the welfare of consumers, investors, firms and the economy. However, there is relatively limited evidence of how corporate governance affects corporate innovation. In this study, the author theoretically demonstrates how internal governance mechanisms interact to affect innovation, such as internal control, monitoring and compensation contracts. Governance mechanisms are determined by firm characteristics. The "best" governance structures that can be adopted universally do not exist. However, innovative firms often share similar characteristics, and they adopt similar governance mechanisms to facilitate innovation. The ultimate purpose of such internal governance mechanism that facilitates innovation is to prevent managers' myopia, and this paper concludes 5 different roles in internal governance mechanism that facilitate corporate innovation behavior.
基金This project is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (60673060), Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2005047).
文摘Inspired by the swarm intelligence in self-organizing behavior of real ant colonies, various ant-based algorithms were proposed recently for many research fields in data mining such as clustering. Compared with the previous clustering approaches such as K-means, the main advantage of ant-based clustering algorithms is that no additional information is needed, such as the initial partitioning of the data or the number of clusters. In this paper, we present an adaptive ant clustering algorithm ACAD. The algorithm uses a digraph where the vertexes represent the data to be clustered. The weighted edges represent the acceptance rate between the two data it connected. The pheromone on the edges is adaptively updated by the ants passing it. Some edges with less pheromone are progressively removed under a threshold in the process. Strong connected components of the final digraph are extracted as clusters. Experimental results on several real datasets and benchmarks indicate that ACAD is conceptually simpler, more efficient and more robust than previous research such as the classical K-means clustering algorithm and LF algorithm which.is also based on ACO