Classes are key software components in an object-oriented software system. In many industrial OO software systems, there are some classes that have complicated structure and relationships. So in the processes of softw...Classes are key software components in an object-oriented software system. In many industrial OO software systems, there are some classes that have complicated structure and relationships. So in the processes of software maintenance, testing, software reengineering, software reuse and software restructure, it is a challenge for software engineers to understand these classes thoroughly. This paper proposes a class comprehension model based on constructivist learning theory, and implements a software visualization tool (MFV-Class) to help in the comprehension of a class. The tool provides multiple views of class to uncover manifold facets of class contents. It enables visualizing three object-oriented metrics of classes to help users focus on the understanding process. A case study was conducted to evaluate our approach and the toolkit.展开更多
Hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 120) containing phosphorus was prepared by a one‐step post‐synthesis treatment involving controlled desilication and phosphorous modification. The hierarchically porous ZS...Hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 120) containing phosphorus was prepared by a one‐step post‐synthesis treatment involving controlled desilication and phosphorous modification. The hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 featured high thermal and hydrothermal stability. The obtained ZSM‐5zeolites were systematically characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption,and 27Al and 31P magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Theprepared ZSM‐5 displayed enhanced activity and prolonged lifetime toward hydrocarbon cracking.The high activity was attributed to improved coke tolerance owing to the presence of the highlystable mesoporous network of ZSM‐5 and acid sites introduced upon phosphorus modification.Additionally a mechanism of the stabilization of the zeolites by phosphorus was proposed and discussed.展开更多
The ability of achieving a semantic understanding of workspaces is an important capability for mobile robot. A method is proposed to categorize different places in a typical indoor environment by using a Kinect sensor...The ability of achieving a semantic understanding of workspaces is an important capability for mobile robot. A method is proposed to categorize different places in a typical indoor environment by using a Kinect sensors for mobile robot exploration. At first, the invariant feature based images stitching approach is adopted to form a panoramic image according to Kinect visual information, and the translation between Kinect depth information and obstacle distance information is performed to obtain virtual LIDAR data. Then, the semantic classifier is designed by using convolutional neural networks （CNN） for indoor place eategorization based on Kinect visual observations with panoramic view. At last, a frontier-based exploration method is applied to carry out indoor autonomous exploration of mo- bile robots, which integrates the CNN-based categorization approach. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on a real robot, and experiment results demonstrate the approach effective- ness on solving the semantic categorization problem for mobile robot exploration.展开更多
In the field of L2 （second language） reading, scholars generally agree that ER （extensive reading） improves L2 learners＇ reading speed and comprehension and enriches their L2 vocabulary （Grabe ＆ Stoller, 1997）...In the field of L2 （second language） reading, scholars generally agree that ER （extensive reading） improves L2 learners＇ reading speed and comprehension and enriches their L2 vocabulary （Grabe ＆ Stoller, 1997）. This teacher-inquiry type of paper presents a practical suggestion for supplementing ER activity with the element of CL （cooperative learning）. ER, theoretically speaking, focuses on the solitary task of silent reading. The CL technique used in this study was a book-talk activity. Forty-five freshmen from a course of children and young adult literatures were required to read at least 20 English books throughout a semester. CL was added to facilitate students＇ ER in young adult literature. After a semester, short-answer questions were asked regarding students＇ comments on ER as well as CL. Students overall agreed that when ER is supplemented with CL, reading in an L2 seems to be less intimidating.展开更多
Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution a...Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution and technical enhancement. Although artefacts are conceived as technical, we are now facing a relationship with Information Technology （IT） artefacts. IT artefacts include both hardware and software, as a two-sided entity. The definition of IT artefact corresponds with the Saussurean linguistic sign： a two-sided entity constituted by the signifier （hardware） and the signified （software）. I claim that IT artefacts share this ontological trait with the linguistic sign. I will show that IT artefacts are the result of design and planning, while language--which is an institution--is not the fabrication of one human but linked to collective human activity.展开更多
Most Mediterranean regions face a high risk to forest fires, estimation and anticipation of this risk modeled as a stochastic propagation process reproduces well some fire properties. This model needs information on t...Most Mediterranean regions face a high risk to forest fires, estimation and anticipation of this risk modeled as a stochastic propagation process reproduces well some fire properties. This model needs information on the behavior of the bio-physical properties of vegetation associated to combustion. An experimental study to analyze the structure of a leaf of Laurel shrub at different biological stages is presented; it allows following the structural exchanges induced on the leaf by the effect of increasing temperature. For this purpose, both dielectric and TGA （Thermogravimetric Analysis）/DTA （Differentialthermal Analysis） was performed to a better understanding of the pyrolysis phenomenon. The results obtained provide information on the process of thermal degradation caused by fire. The evolution of the leaf impedance as a function of the applied frequency characterizes the moisture loss in plant species during pyrolysis. The dielectric response confirms the proposition to the equivalent circuit of the leaf as a composite of liquid and solid parts. The TGA/DTA results detected the behaviour of the solid parts in the fire under a constant heating rate, and were able to show all the transformation subjected by the Laurel leaf until ignition and all the gases released during it.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973)of China (No. 2002CB312101)+4 种基金 the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (No. 60272031) Doctorate Research Foun-dation of the State Education Commission of China (No.20010335049) Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. ZD0212)
文摘Classes are key software components in an object-oriented software system. In many industrial OO software systems, there are some classes that have complicated structure and relationships. So in the processes of software maintenance, testing, software reengineering, software reuse and software restructure, it is a challenge for software engineers to understand these classes thoroughly. This paper proposes a class comprehension model based on constructivist learning theory, and implements a software visualization tool (MFV-Class) to help in the comprehension of a class. The tool provides multiple views of class to uncover manifold facets of class contents. It enables visualizing three object-oriented metrics of classes to help users focus on the understanding process. A case study was conducted to evaluate our approach and the toolkit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21403070, 21573073)National Key Technology Research and De-velopment Program (2012BAE05B02)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B409)~~
文摘Hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 (SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 120) containing phosphorus was prepared by a one‐step post‐synthesis treatment involving controlled desilication and phosphorous modification. The hierarchically porous ZSM‐5 featured high thermal and hydrothermal stability. The obtained ZSM‐5zeolites were systematically characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption, NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption,and 27Al and 31P magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Theprepared ZSM‐5 displayed enhanced activity and prolonged lifetime toward hydrocarbon cracking.The high activity was attributed to improved coke tolerance owing to the presence of the highlystable mesoporous network of ZSM‐5 and acid sites introduced upon phosphorus modification.Additionally a mechanism of the stabilization of the zeolites by phosphorus was proposed and discussed.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB035503)
文摘The ability of achieving a semantic understanding of workspaces is an important capability for mobile robot. A method is proposed to categorize different places in a typical indoor environment by using a Kinect sensors for mobile robot exploration. At first, the invariant feature based images stitching approach is adopted to form a panoramic image according to Kinect visual information, and the translation between Kinect depth information and obstacle distance information is performed to obtain virtual LIDAR data. Then, the semantic classifier is designed by using convolutional neural networks （CNN） for indoor place eategorization based on Kinect visual observations with panoramic view. At last, a frontier-based exploration method is applied to carry out indoor autonomous exploration of mo- bile robots, which integrates the CNN-based categorization approach. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on a real robot, and experiment results demonstrate the approach effective- ness on solving the semantic categorization problem for mobile robot exploration.
文摘In the field of L2 （second language） reading, scholars generally agree that ER （extensive reading） improves L2 learners＇ reading speed and comprehension and enriches their L2 vocabulary （Grabe ＆ Stoller, 1997）. This teacher-inquiry type of paper presents a practical suggestion for supplementing ER activity with the element of CL （cooperative learning）. ER, theoretically speaking, focuses on the solitary task of silent reading. The CL technique used in this study was a book-talk activity. Forty-five freshmen from a course of children and young adult literatures were required to read at least 20 English books throughout a semester. CL was added to facilitate students＇ ER in young adult literature. After a semester, short-answer questions were asked regarding students＇ comments on ER as well as CL. Students overall agreed that when ER is supplemented with CL, reading in an L2 seems to be less intimidating.
文摘Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution and technical enhancement. Although artefacts are conceived as technical, we are now facing a relationship with Information Technology （IT） artefacts. IT artefacts include both hardware and software, as a two-sided entity. The definition of IT artefact corresponds with the Saussurean linguistic sign： a two-sided entity constituted by the signifier （hardware） and the signified （software）. I claim that IT artefacts share this ontological trait with the linguistic sign. I will show that IT artefacts are the result of design and planning, while language--which is an institution--is not the fabrication of one human but linked to collective human activity.
文摘Most Mediterranean regions face a high risk to forest fires, estimation and anticipation of this risk modeled as a stochastic propagation process reproduces well some fire properties. This model needs information on the behavior of the bio-physical properties of vegetation associated to combustion. An experimental study to analyze the structure of a leaf of Laurel shrub at different biological stages is presented; it allows following the structural exchanges induced on the leaf by the effect of increasing temperature. For this purpose, both dielectric and TGA （Thermogravimetric Analysis）/DTA （Differentialthermal Analysis） was performed to a better understanding of the pyrolysis phenomenon. The results obtained provide information on the process of thermal degradation caused by fire. The evolution of the leaf impedance as a function of the applied frequency characterizes the moisture loss in plant species during pyrolysis. The dielectric response confirms the proposition to the equivalent circuit of the leaf as a composite of liquid and solid parts. The TGA/DTA results detected the behaviour of the solid parts in the fire under a constant heating rate, and were able to show all the transformation subjected by the Laurel leaf until ignition and all the gases released during it.
