侨易学的观念

侨易学的观念,一方面追溯此概念的直接来源,强调李石曾发明"侨学"概念的历史贡献,另一方面更侧重《易经》在世界文化语境流传后所产生的多重意义发生,这既是一种学术史梳理,同时也凸显侨易学概念的重要资源。分两个层面阐述侨易学的观念,一是在广义的理论/哲学层面,所谓"理论"乃是指一种相对普适意义的概念运用,具有跨学科的学术宏观层面意义,而"哲学"则更是最高端的理论境界,即能尝试在最深刻的层次上解释人类、世界、宇宙的基本规律问题。建构起最基本的"乾元—坤贞"的二元结构,同时在各自的内部建立三维(上、中、下;始、中、终)、六步(起、承、持、转、合、极)的基本层次,强调"限止"、"断念"等核心概念;二则下降到学科/领域层面,即作为一般意义的侨易学,它也可以确立自己的学科界限和研究对象,提出学科概念、核心内容、基本原则。

Calculation of Quantum Probability in O（2,2） String Cosmology with a Dilaton Potential

The quantum properties of O（2,2） string cosmology with a dilaton potential are studied in this paper. The cosmological solutions are obtained on three-dlmensional space-time. Moreover, the quantum probability of transition between two duality universe is calculated through a Wheeler-De Witt approach.

A Conceptual Framework for Consciousness Based on a Deep Understanding of Matter

One of the main challenges in consciousness research is widely known as the hard problem of consciousness. In order to tackle this problem, I utilize an approach from theoretical physics, called stochastic electrodynamics （SED） which goes one step beyond quantum theory and sheds new light on the reality behind matter. According to this approach, matter is a resonant oscillator that is orchestrated by an all-pervasive stochastic radiation field, called zero-point field （ZPF）. The properties of matter are not intrinsic but acquired by dynamic interaction with the ZPF, which in turn picks up information about the material system as soon as an ordered state, i.e., a stable attractor, is reached. I point out that these principles apply also to macroscopic biological systems. From this perspective, long-range correlations in the brain, such as neural gamma synchrony, can be interpreted in terms of order phenomena induced and stabilized by the ZPF, suggesting that every attractor in the brain goes along with an information state in the ZPF. In order to build the bridge to consciousness, I employ additional input from Eastern philosophy. From a comparison between SED and Eastern philosophy I draw the conclusion that the ZPF is an appropriate candidate for the substrate of consciousness, implying that information states in the ZPF are associated with conscious states. On this basis I develop a conceptual framework for consciousness that is fully consistent with physics, neurophysiology, and Eastern philosophy. I argue that this conceptual framework has many interesting features and opens a door to a theory of consciousness. Particularly, it solves the problem of how matter and consciousness communicate in a causally closed functional chain, it gives a physical grounding to existing approaches regarding the connection between consciousness and information, and it gives clear direction to future models and experiments.

Luke 16：19-31： Intermediate State of the Soul

This study seeks to determine the meaning of Luke 16：19-31. The question of whether this passage teaches intermediate state of the disembodied soul after death has been a theological conundrum. In Lucan context, both thematic and linguistic considerations suggest that the passage can be a pre-resurrection tradition. Having studied the setting in which Jesus tells this parable and Lucan context, this study, employing a quasi-allegorical method, concludes that the presentation of the unseen world represents events and class of people in the eschatological judgment.

The Parable of the Chicken House： Charles S. Peirce, Complex/Dynamic Systems, and Environmental Science

This paper describes how scientist-philosopher Charles S. Peirce （1839-1914） develops theories that lead eventually to contemporary complex/dynamic systems. In both Peirce and complexity theory, possible bridges appear between analogical/reductionist representations and metaphorical/creative symbols. In complex/dynamic terms, Peirce＇s scientific theories become a conceptual egg that hatches a century later in complex systems, which is relevant in turn to environmental science and engineering.

The research on philosophy thought of quantum theory——The discussion about Bohr＇s and Heisenberg＇s natural science philosophy outlook

Analysises and resrarches into Bohr’s quantum dialectics of nature of mutual complement and Heisenberg’s quantumphilosophy outlook. It gets a deeper and more systematic comgnition and comprehension to quantum theory philosophy thought.

Research on the Three Forms of Education Philosophy and Its Enlightenment

Educational philosophy exists in three forms： philosophy of professional education, philosophy of public education, and philosophy of personal education, which are interrelated with their own unique features. Enlightenment： this knowledge helps avoid misunderstanding of educational philosophy, which is not only a type of theoretical philosophy, but also a practical philosophy; teachers need to construct a proper philosophy of personal education of their own and enhance their professionalism and specialism while improving their humanistic quality and professional sentiment; great efforts should be made to create an educational community to exert the influence of philosophy of public education, and to promote the healthy development of educational activities.

Neo-Empiricism and Intentionality

A revival of empiricist theories in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and philosophy has been led by figures such as Antonio Damasio （1994）, Lawrence Barsalou （1999）, George Lakoff （1987）, and Jesse Prinz （2002; 2004）. Their work has served to connect familiar empiricist approaches to thought and reason with contemporary cognitive psychology and neuroscience. The work of Prinz is of special philosophical significance since it aims to bring together the work of neo-empirically minded theorists in the cognitive and neuro-sciences with main themes found in contemporary philosophical theories of intentionality and reference. In this paper, I examine Prinz＇s efforts to synthesize a neo-empiricist theory of concepts with contemporary semantic theories of reference and intentionality. In part one, I analyze Prinz＇s approach in some depth. In part two, I raise a question concerning the origins of intentionality. Specifically, I am interested in examining the minimum cognitive prerequisites for intentionality within Prinz＇s theory of perception-based representation. In part three, I raise a problem case for Prinz＇s account of the requirements for intentionality, and propose an adjustment in Prinz＇s account to meet the challenge of the objection.

Methodology of the Relationship between Bioethics, Philosophy, and Law

One can distinguish three levels in the integrative unity of knowledge and norms （assessments）, which is termed bioethics. The first level is theoretical. It is connected with the facts and truths. The second level deals with establishing of certain standards and rules of conduct, with the monitoring of their implementation and the assessment of the results of implementation/violation of norms. The third level is associated with individual behavior, formed on the basis of relevant knowledge （or lack of it, as is evident from the table）, and the rules governing its application. Theoretical Bioethics is an integral part of Philosophy---the practical Bioethics is directly related to Law and applied Bioethics deals with the personal standards of specific behavior in concrete situations. Social need for regulatory control of any activity with living entities has led to rapid development of practical Bioethics, while its philosophical content developed more slowly. This creates a conflict of norms and values, hampering the adoption of individual decisions now in the field of applied Bioethics. Deontologization of Bioethics can lead to the fact that it will lose its philosophical content and become a specific area of Law. This, in turn, leads to the dehumanization of Bioethics. It is therefore necessary to conduct a methodological analysis of the relationship of Philosophy, Bioethics and Law, the results of which will focus the researchers on the synchronization of the axiological, praxeological and ethical components of scientific research in order to preserve the intellectual integrity of Bioethics.

Acting and Thinking as a Revolutionary Organ： The Case of the French Review Socialisme ou Barbarie （1948-1965）

The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of a radical left group in France that created a scission inside the Fourth International after World War II. The group founded a review Socialisme ou Barbarie that criticized Marxism and the Trotskyist interpretation of the status of the USSR. The rigorous description of this review reveals the mixture of strong theoretical views on bureaucratic societies and empirical investigations of reactions against those societies. The hypothesis is that this group failed to be a new political force. As a matter of fact, is it possible to depict the evolution of Socialisme ou Barbarie as an investigative journalism based on a strong political and philosophical theory？

The Intemal Implication of the Economic Ethics in the Alienated Labor Theory of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

Alienated labor, also known as labor alienation, was a concept with historical creativity, which was first raised in Marx＇ s Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844. The Manuscripts was important works of Marx, in which the social relations of capitalism private ownership were analyzed by Marx using the concept of alienated labor. A deep analysis was conducted by Marx from the specific historical facts, in which the rational kernel of the alienated problem in the social relations of capitalism was mentioned. Specifically, the alienated labor theory was analyzed from the relationship of laborers with their labor products and labor itself, human＇ s essence, and other people under the condition of the capitalist private ownership; the ＂ought to be＂ ethical characteristics of labors were expounded from the perspective of ethics, and the abnormal labor relations in the process of capitalist production were ethically reviewed and criticized. Therefore, rich economic ethics thoughts were contained in Marx＇ s analysis of the alienated labor theory.

Evolution of research methods in Psychology

psychology has more than 100 years developmwnt history, and make great success during this time. But in the after development, psychology met the unprecedented contradiction and conflict, facing division and broken, and in the embrassmed situation of divorced from society, positive psychology is emerge as the times requirement in this crisis. In order to better guide the development to positive psychology, providing philosophical theory and instructions on methodology,it is neeessary to discuss about the positive psycholog from a philosophical perspective. Since 1879 the western modern psychology come into being, the psychology of natural science orientation has been the mainstream of psychology. In addition, admit the uniqueness of man, attention to people＇s inner experience of humanistic psychology, also occupies a space in the confrontation with the reflection of the mainstream of scientific psychology, positive psychology from the research content to lead psychology to another port, but the research methods are not completely abandon the previous research methods of positivism psychology, but more introduced humanism based on the oositivism research method of scientific oriented.

Natural Science and the Evolution of Categorial Discourse

In the second half of the last century the problem of categories became less and less prominent in philosophical debates. This twilight of categorial discourse did not go unnoticed, and some authors offered different solutions for the revival of categorial theorizing in contemporary philosophy＇s repertoire. One of these authors is the American philosopher Stephen Pepper. The purpose of the present discussion is to offer yet another explanation for the decline of categorial theory, and to explore Pepper＇s view and its role in the transformation of categorial discourse. The main thesis which I will argue for is that traditional categories did not disappear altogether, but they have been replaced, gradually, by key empirical concepts from natural science. Even if such concepts do not satisfy the traditional requirements categories in shaping our for a categorial scheme, they are, nonetheless, fulfilling the same role as traditional worldviews.

Informal Logic： Between Logic and Epistemology

Nowadays researchers working in various fields study the issues of argument. They represent different approaches which distinguish with theoretical and practical comprehension of argument problems. Informal study of argument is one of the approaches. The key reason of its appearance was the criticism of formal logic in the late 20th century. Researchers consider the argument from the different point of view. Formal dialectics and pragma-dialectics were based on dialectics. Contemporary rhetorical theories of argument were created on the rhetorical grounds; theory of speech acts on the basis of practical philosophy etc.. This paper is devoted to some theoretical problems of informal logic which was formed on the logic background in the late 70＇s. In spite of numerous papers, books, and text-books on informal logic published over the last thirty years, logicians has not achieved consensus so far on many issues. Among the numerous problems are： what is the subject matter of informal logic？ Does informal logic belong to the realm of logic？ Is it applied epistemology？ What is a real argument？ And what are the criteria for evaluating of such arguments？

Features analysis of five-element theory and its basal effects on construction of visceral manifestation theory

OBJECTIVE:To study the Chinese ancient five-element theory,one of the philosophical foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory construction,from the perspective of comtemporary cognitive science,and to reveal the important functions of five-element theory in the construction of TCM theory.METHODS:The basic effects of five-element theory in the construction of TCM theory are intensively expounded and proved from the following aspects:embodiment of five-element theory in cognizing the world,quasi axiom of five-element theory in essence,classification thery of family resemblance and deductive inference pattern of five-element theory,and the openness and expansibility of five-element theory.RESULTS:If five-element theory is considered acognitive pattern or cognitive system related to culture,then there should be features of cognitive embodiment in the cognitive system.If five-element theory is regarded as a symbolic system,however,then there should be a quasi-axiom for the system,and inferential deduction.If,however,five-element theory is taken as a theoretical constructive metaphor,then there should be features of opening and expansibility for the metaphor.CONCLUSION:Based on five-element theory,this study provides a cognitive frame for the construction of TCM(a medicine that originated in China,and is characterized by holism and treatment based on pattern identification differentiation)theory with the function of constructing a concept base,thereby implying further research strategies.Useful information may be produced from the creative inferences obtained from the incorporation of five-element theory.