热点警务的犯罪学理论基础及实践评估

热点警务是在社区警务改革的宏观背景下出现的一种新的警务策略,它将警务工作的关注点从传统上的犯罪案件或犯罪人转向了犯罪地点。从概念上而言,犯罪热点是指规模更小的犯罪聚集地点,而不是指社区等较大的地理区域。在理论犯罪学视角下,日常活动理论、理性选择理论、犯罪型态理论为热点警务提供了必要的理论基础;此外,社会解组理论亦被初步证明适用于解释犯罪热点的有关规律。从实证角度而言,许多更加接近于科学标准的实验或准实验研究为热点警务的有效性提供了压倒性的经验支持。然而,尽管热点警务的发展基本上符合循证犯罪对策的科学化路径,但是它依然面临着一些伦理、法律和方法论上的质疑。因此,为了更好地将其与我国的社区警务战略加以整合,尚需深刻的警务理念转变和本土化的试点及评估。

宋以后“天人合一”之理路演化

天人合一命题在宋以后经历了一个变化发展的过程:以辟佛为目的,张载力主"明诚并进"的德修工夫,率先确立了方法论进路的"道德型态天人合一";秉承圣王一体的儒学理念,朱熹等人通过"灾异事应"的辨识总结了政治事件与自然现象的联系,从认识论的角度提出了"政治型态天人合一";激于明末空谈心性之疲敝,陆世仪以"阴阳五行"强调天人之间的实质联系,讨论的是本体论层面的"物质型态天人合一"。在此演化进程中,不同型态的天人合一逐渐塑就了共同的特质,此即现实关怀的精神与道德实践的指向。

儒学演变的轨迹、形态及其发展前景

本文对儒学的演变轨迹及其发展前景作了系统论述，并对儒学概念、儒学演变的历史进程及其理论形态，对新世纪的新儒学等问题提出了自己的看法。

Studies on stand dynamic growth model for larch in Jilin in China

The stand growth and yield dynamic models for Larch in Jilin Province were developed based on the forest growth theories with the forest continuous inventory data. The results indicated that the developed models had high precision, and they could be used for the updating data of inventory of planning and designing and optimal decision of forest management.

ENHANCED UNSTEADY AND NONLINEAR ROTOR WAKE MODEL FOR REAL-TIME FLIG HT SIMULATION

WT5 'BZThis paper presents an unsteady and nonlinear wake model based on th e widely used Peters He finite state dynamic wake model with improvements. The swirl component in the tip trace plane (TTP) can be predicted, nonlinear items are added into the linear theory, and the old small angle assumption use d in matrix prediction is removed. All of these enha ncements are aimed at the low speed flight phase and formulations for the induce d velocity field just in the TTP frame are derived. The corresponding FORTRAN pr ogram is tested and optimized for the real time applications on PCs.

Classification of VxOy^q Clusters by △=2y＋q-5x

Vanadium oxide clusters VxOy^q（x≤8, q=0, ±1） are classified according to the oxidation index （△=2y＋q-5x） of each cluster. Density functional calculations indicate that clusters with the same oxidation index tend to have similar bonding characters, electronic structures, and reactivities. This general rule leads to the findings of new possible ground state struc- tures for V206 and V3O6＋ clusters. This successful application of the classification method on vanadium oxide clusters proves that this method is very effective in studying the bonding properties of early transition metal oxide clusters.

Collapse Analysis of Imperfect Subsea Pipelines Based on 2D High-Order Nonlinear Model

To study the collapse of imperfect subsea pipelinos, a 2D high-order nonlinear model is developed. In this model, the large deformation of the pipes is considered by raiaining the high-order nonlinear terms of strain. In addi-tion, the J2 plastic flow theory is adopted to describe the elasioplastic constitutive relations of material. The quasi-static process of collapse is analyzed by the increment method. For each load step, the equations based on the principle of virtual work are presented and solved by the discrete Newton＇s method. Furthermore, finite element simulations and full-scale experiments were preformed to validate the results of the model. Research on the major influencing factors of collapse pressure, including D/t, material type and initial ovality, is also presented.

Different Types of Projective Synchronization in a Class of Time-Delayed Chaotic Systems Using Active Control Approach

We study different types of projective synchronization （projective-anticipating, projective, and projectivelag synchronization） in a class of time-delayed chaotic systems related to optical bistable or hybrid optical bistable devices. We relax some limitations of previous work, where the scaling factor a can not be any desired value. In this paper, we achieve projective-anticipating, projective, and projective-lag synchronization without the limitation of a. A suitable controller is chosen using active control approach. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, we derive the sufficient stability condition through theoretical analysis. The analytical results are validated by the numerical simulations using Ikeda model and Mackey-Glass model.

Analytic model of non-uniform corrosion induced cracking of reinforced concrete structure

In order to perfectly reflect the dynamic corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) cover in practical engineering,an analytic model of non-uniform corrosion induced cracking was presented based on the elastic-plastic fracture mechanics theory.Comparisons with the published experimental data show that the predictions given by the present model are in good agreement with the results both for natural exposed experiments and short-time indoor tests (the best difference is about 2.7%).Also it obviously provides much better precision than those models under the assumption of uniform corrosion (the maximal improved precision is about 48%).Therefore,it is pointed out that the so-called uniform corrosion models to describe the cover cracking of RC should be adopted cautiously.Finally,the influences of thickness of local rusty layer around the reinforcing steel bar on the critical corrosion-induced crack indexes were investigated.It is found that the thickness of local rusty layer has great effect on the critical mass loss of reinforcing steel,threshold expansion pressure,and time to cover cracking.For local rusty layer thickness with a size of a=0.5 mm,the time to cover cracking will increase by about one times when a/b (a,semi-minor axis;b,semi-major axis) changes from 0.1 to 1 mm.

Black Hole Hair in Higher Dimensions

We study the property of matter in equilibrium with a static, spherically symmetric black hole in D- dimensional spacetime. It requires that this kind of matter has an equation of state ω≡pr/ρ = -n/（n ＋ 2k）, k, n ∈ N （where n 〉 1 corresponds to a mixture of vacuum matter and ＂hair＂ matter）, which seems to be independent of D. However, when we associate this result with specific models, we find that these hairy black holes can live only in some special dimensional spacetime： （i） D = 2 ＋ 2k/n while the black hole is surrounded by cosmic strings, which requires D is even or D ∈ N, depending on the value of n, this is consistent with some important results in superstring theory, it might reveal the relation between cosmic string and superstring in another aspect; （ii） the black hole can be surrounded by linear dilaton field only in 4-dimensional spacetime. In both cases, D = 4 is special. We also present some examples of such hairy black holes in higher dimensions, including a toy model with negative energy density.

Static-deformation based fault diagnosis for damping spring of large vibrating screen

Based on the statics theory, a novel and feasible twice-suspended-mass method(TSMM) was proposed to deal with the seldom-studied issue of fault diagnosis for damping springs of large vibrating screen(LVS). With the static balance characteristic of the screen body/surface as well as the deformation compatibility relation of springs considered, static model of the screen surface under a certain load was established to calculate compression deformation of each spring. Accuracy of the model was validated by both an experiment based on the suspended mass method and the properties of the 3D deformation space in a numerical simulation. Furthermore, by adopting the Taylor formula and the control variate method, quantitative relationship between the change of damping spring deformation and the change of spring stiffness, defined as the deformation sensitive coefficient(DSC), was derived mathematically, from which principle of the TSMM for spring fault diagnosis is clarified. In the end, an experiment was carried out and results show that the TSMM is applicable for diagnosing the fault of single spring in a LVS.

Modeling and simulation of dynamic performance of horizontal steam-launch system

Based on theory of variable-mass system thermodynamics, the dynamic mathematic models of each component of the horizontal steam-launch system were established, and by the numerical simulation of the system launching process, the thermodynamics and kinetics characteristics of the system with three valves of different flow characteristics were got. The simulation results show that the values of the peak-to-average ratios of dimensionless acceleration with the equal percentage valve, the linear valve and the quick opening valve are 1.355, 1.614 and 1.722, respectively, and the final values of the dimensionless velocities are 0.843, 0.957 and 1.0, respectively. In conclusion, the value of the dimensionless velocity with the equal percentage valve doesn't reach the set value of 0.90 when the dimensionless displacement is 0.82, while the system with the linear valve can meet the launching requirement, as well as the fluctuation range of dimensionless acceleration is less than that of the quick opening valve. Therefore, the system with the linear valve has the best performance among the three kinds of valves.

ASYMPTOTICS OF MEAN TRANSFORMATION ESTIMATORS WITH ERRORS IN VARIABLES MODEL

This paper addresses estimation and its asymptotics of mean transformation θ = E[h（X）] of a random variable X based on n lid. observations from errors-in-variables model Y = X＋ v, where v is a measurement error with a known distribution and h（.） is a known smooth function. The asymptotics of deconvolution kernel estimator for ordinary smooth error distribution and expectation extrapolation estimator are given for normal error distribution respectively. Under some mild regularity conditions, the consistency and asymptotically normality are obtained for both type of estimators. Simulations show they have good performance.

Advances in thin film lubrication(TFL): From discovery to the aroused further researches

Thin film lubrication(TFL) is known as a mode of fluid-film lubrication regime bridging the gap between elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) and boundary lubrication(BL). Since the first recorded literature published in 1995, TFL has become one of the landmarks in the development of lubrication theory over the last twenty years. This article presents an overview of the advances in the research of TFL regime. We first begin with a brief introduction of the discovery of the phenomenon, followed by the discussion of the relevant essential aspects, such as the performing approach, theory and physical model. The state-of-the-art studies on both the theoretical and experimental fields are also presented, also latter with emphasis on the review of researches in several promising applications.

Approximate Controllability of Neutral Functional Differential Systems with State-Dependent Delay

This paper deals with the approximate controllability of semilinear neutral functional differential systems with state-dependent delay. The fractional power theory and α-norm are used to discuss the problem so that the obtained results can apply to the systems involving derivatives of spatial variables. By methods of functional analysis and semigroup theory, sufficient conditions of approximate controllability are formulated and proved. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the applications of the obtained results.

Inducible competitors and adaptive diversification

Identifying the causes of diversification is central to evolutionary biology. The ecological theory of adaptive diversi- fication holds that the evolution of phenotypic differences between populations and species--and the formation of new spe- cies-stems from divergent natural selection, often arising from competitive interactions. Although increasing evidence suggests that phenotypic plasticity can facilitate this process, it is not generally appreciated that competitively mediated selection often also provides ideal conditions for phenotypic plasticity to evolve in the first place. Here, we discuss how competition plays at least two key roles in adaptive diversification depending on its pattern. First, heterogenous competition initially generates heterogeneity in resource use that favors adaptive plasticity in the form of ＂inducible competitors＂. Second, once such competitively induced plas- ticity evolves, its capacity to rapidly generate phenotypic variation and expose phenotypes to alternate selective regimes allows populations to respond readily to selection favoring diversification, as may occur when competition generates steady diversifying selection that permanently drives the evolutionary divergence of populations that use different resources. Thus, competition plays two important roles in adaptive diversification---one well-known and the other only now emerging--mediated through its effect on the evolution ofphenotypic plasticity