The principal means of conserving water and utilizing hydropower in China is to exploit the use of a series of reservoirs in a cascade. This method and its inherent engineering safety problems are receiving increasing...The principal means of conserving water and utilizing hydropower in China is to exploit the use of a series of reservoirs in a cascade. This method and its inherent engineering safety problems are receiving increasing attention nowadays. In the field of engineering safety analysis, much work has focused on single reservoir projects in the past few years, but there is little research available on the safety risk analysis of cascade reservoirs, either within China or internationally. Therefore, a framework for risk analysis on the cascade reservoir system based on the theory of system engineering is constructed in this article. A cascading failure model is established and the connection degree factor discussed. In addition, the importance degree of the subsystem, which can be calculated by combining the analytical hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, is explained. According to brittleness theory of a complex system, brittle risk entropy is proposed as a performance index for measuring the collapse uncertainty of the cascade reservoir system. In addition, the brittle risk of the cascade reservoir system is predicted, which provides a reference for safety analysis in water conservation and hydropower construction projects in China.展开更多
Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper p...Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.2013BAB06B01)the Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Projects of Regular Institutions of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.CXZZ11_0439&CXZZ13_0236)
文摘The principal means of conserving water and utilizing hydropower in China is to exploit the use of a series of reservoirs in a cascade. This method and its inherent engineering safety problems are receiving increasing attention nowadays. In the field of engineering safety analysis, much work has focused on single reservoir projects in the past few years, but there is little research available on the safety risk analysis of cascade reservoirs, either within China or internationally. Therefore, a framework for risk analysis on the cascade reservoir system based on the theory of system engineering is constructed in this article. A cascading failure model is established and the connection degree factor discussed. In addition, the importance degree of the subsystem, which can be calculated by combining the analytical hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, is explained. According to brittleness theory of a complex system, brittle risk entropy is proposed as a performance index for measuring the collapse uncertainty of the cascade reservoir system. In addition, the brittle risk of the cascade reservoir system is predicted, which provides a reference for safety analysis in water conservation and hydropower construction projects in China.
基金Project (No. R1080363) supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment.
