This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,m...This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,mind wandering(MW),in the course of reading.Sixty first-year university non-English majors participated in the study.A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(text difficulty:difficult and simple)×2(WMC:high/large and low/small)was employed.Results revealed that 1)the main and interaction effects of WMC and text difficulty on voluntary MW were significant,whereas those on involuntary MW were not;2)while reading the easy texts,the involuntary MW of high-WMC individuals was less frequent than that of low-WMC ones,whereas while reading the difficult ones,the direct relationship between WMC and involuntary MW was not found;and that 3)high-WMC individuals had a lower overall rate of MW and better reading performance than low-WMC individuals did,but with increasing text difficulty,their rates of overall MW and voluntary MW were getting higher and higher,and the reading performance was getting lower and lower.These results lend support to WM theory and have pedagogical implications for the instruction of L2 reading.展开更多
The human beings can express the outside world and their mental feelings by languages, they know the materials＇ nature by comparing with their similarities. The languages are not only tools in understanding,communica...The human beings can express the outside world and their mental feelings by languages, they know the materials＇ nature by comparing with their similarities. The languages are not only tools in understanding,communication and thinking, but also one element of the cultures. Thinking is a kind of abstract skill, and the language is the vehicle of thinking, through which people can understand the human beings＇ thinking methods and cultural characters. The languages are decided by the culture. Reading comprehension is the readers＇ own behavior, during which the schema plays a key role and readers must combine the new information with their former cultural knowledge, rebuilding the new information so as to understand the deep meanings of the articles.展开更多
Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of co...Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings＇ experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.展开更多
Based on the interactive theory of reading, this study mainly explored the etlects ot topic familiarity and second language proficiency on IVA （Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition） of second language through reading. ...Based on the interactive theory of reading, this study mainly explored the etlects ot topic familiarity and second language proficiency on IVA （Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition） of second language through reading. By using two different measures （translation production and selection）, this study found： （1） Vocabulary can be acquired incidentally in reading passages; （2） There are no significant interactive effects of topic familiarity and second language proficiency on vocabulary acquisition, but the two independent variables of topic familiarity and second language proficiency exerted their positively significant effect on incidental vocabulary acquisition, and （3） As for the two vocabulary measures, learners can acquire more words in translation selection than in translation production.展开更多
Discontinuous and long-duration thunderstorm weather, which occurred at Guanghan in Sichuan Province, was analyzed and predicted using structural conversion of irregular information in phase-space from self-recording ...Discontinuous and long-duration thunderstorm weather, which occurred at Guanghan in Sichuan Province, was analyzed and predicted using structural conversion of irregular information in phase-space from self-recording “time sequence” records for predicting rain areas, as described in the “Non Destructive Information” method proposed by Professor OuYang Shoucheng. The results show that this method can reveal important changes of weather as well as, by using irregular self-recording information recorded every ten minutes, predict local thunderstorms with durations of only half an hour, and even predict intense convections 12 hours in advance. This is significant for civil and military aviation. It shows the necessity of full utilization of information from automatic weather stations and the necessity of improvements in recording modes in current automatic stations.展开更多
Geological radar probing technology finds wide application in engineering projects. The high-precision characteristics of geologic radar should be studied in connection with fine processing and interpretation. This ar...Geological radar probing technology finds wide application in engineering projects. The high-precision characteristics of geologic radar should be studied in connection with fine processing and interpretation. This article discusses such issues as (1) geologic radar noise source and (2) fine processing and interpretation of radar data. It is focused on how to achieve fine processing and interpretation.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate how proximal colon polyps interpreted as hyperplastic polyps in 2001 would be interpreted by expert pathologists in 2007.METHODS： ≥ 5 mm in interpreted pathologists 2007 by 3 GI Forty consecutive p...AIM： To evaluate how proximal colon polyps interpreted as hyperplastic polyps in 2001 would be interpreted by expert pathologists in 2007.METHODS： ≥ 5 mm in interpreted pathologists 2007 by 3 GI Forty consecutive proximal colon polyps size, removed in 2001, and originally as hyperplastic polyps by general at Indiana University, were reviewed in pathologists.CONCLUSION： Many polyps interpreted as hyperplastic in 2001 were considered sessile serrated lesions by GI pathologists in 2007, but there is substantial inter-observer variation amongst GI pathologists.展开更多
Learning strategies are usually regarded as one of the aspects of the cognitive psychology and reading is a cognitive process in which the reader engages in a conversation with the text or the author. Then is there an...Learning strategies are usually regarded as one of the aspects of the cognitive psychology and reading is a cognitive process in which the reader engages in a conversation with the text or the author. Then is there any relationship between learning strategies and reading comprehension？ To explore this, an experimental study is conducted in this paper. The conclusion is thereafter reached that reading comprehension is closely related to and greatly affected by learning strategies, especially cognitive and metacognitive strategies.展开更多
The teaching of English for Science and Technology （EST） is generally regarded as one of the most significant developments in English language pedagogy in recent years. EST is concerned with meeting the specific lan...The teaching of English for Science and Technology （EST） is generally regarded as one of the most significant developments in English language pedagogy in recent years. EST is concerned with meeting the specific language needs of learners in various scientific and technological fields. These needs should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing English language courses or specialized courses to students of science and technology. This research is an attempt to investigate some of the problems involved in the teaching and learning of EST and suggest possible solutions. The research will focus on the reading comprehension of scientific and technical texts written in English, the teaching and learning of functional grammar, and the teaching and learning of lexis. These are regarded as some of the most important skills and sub-skills to be acquired by the students of science and technology to help them gain scientific information in English and reach a satisfactory level of achievement in their academic studies. The contention here is that it is in need to adopt a new set of assumptions and criteria specifically relevant to EST instead of employing those of General-English courses being used in the foundation and non-foundation years. This is in line with the basic premise of ESP （English for Special Purpose） and foundation courses which are supposed to prepare students for longer and more difficult tasks in their relevant fields of study. It is hoped that the findings of this research paper will be fruitful and relevant to other ESP courses in addition to those of EST.展开更多
Reading is the main way of acquiring information and an important method of learning foreign language. But in the reading process, because of the affective and cognitive differences and the lack of knowledge about rea...Reading is the main way of acquiring information and an important method of learning foreign language. But in the reading process, because of the affective and cognitive differences and the lack of knowledge about reading patterns and methods, undergraduates＇ reading efficiency and speed are greatly influenced. This article analyzes the mode and strategies which can be adopted in English reading.展开更多
In psychology, the concept of interpretation has been namely associated to the subjectivist paradigm underpinning qualitative approaches, rather than the objectivist paradigm charactefising quantitative research. In t...In psychology, the concept of interpretation has been namely associated to the subjectivist paradigm underpinning qualitative approaches, rather than the objectivist paradigm charactefising quantitative research. In this article, we challenge this belief by showing how interpretation concerns psychology as a whole. To do this, the authors will first consider some dominant tendencies characterising the psychological field in general, such as the ＂empiricist illusion＂ and the ＂trap of scientism＂ （Vygotsky 1999）. Moreover, they will introduce the cultural perspective in psychology, pertinent to deconstruct several assumptions regarding research within the discipline. Stemming from this approach, ＂indirect methods＂ will be presented with regard to their potential to analyse psychological phenomena both qualitatively and scientifically. They will conclude by describing a set of principles that can be implemented when doing qualitative research as to ensure the quality and the adequacy of interpretation.展开更多
Starting from the illustration of the definition and concept of the architectural theory, the author established his unique understanding about the framework of the architectural theory and the innovation of the archi...Starting from the illustration of the definition and concept of the architectural theory, the author established his unique understanding about the framework of the architectural theory and the innovation of the architectural theory underlined by Chinese characteristics.展开更多
The training of reading skill is the focal point of college English teaching. Psychological linguistics provides a new point of view for college English teaching. From the aspect of psychological linguistics theory th...The training of reading skill is the focal point of college English teaching. Psychological linguistics provides a new point of view for college English teaching. From the aspect of psychological linguistics theory this paper discusses some issues, including how to train students to complete the reading process independently, how to build the schema to achieve integrated discourse comprehension, how to choose the most appropriate reading model, in order to improve the English reading skill and provide some enlightenment for college English reading teaching.展开更多
文摘This experimental study investigated how text difficulty and different working memory capacity(WMC)affected Chinese EFL learners’reading comprehension and their tendency to engage in task-unrelated thoughts,that is,mind wandering(MW),in the course of reading.Sixty first-year university non-English majors participated in the study.A two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(text difficulty:difficult and simple)×2(WMC:high/large and low/small)was employed.Results revealed that 1)the main and interaction effects of WMC and text difficulty on voluntary MW were significant,whereas those on involuntary MW were not;2)while reading the easy texts,the involuntary MW of high-WMC individuals was less frequent than that of low-WMC ones,whereas while reading the difficult ones,the direct relationship between WMC and involuntary MW was not found;and that 3)high-WMC individuals had a lower overall rate of MW and better reading performance than low-WMC individuals did,but with increasing text difficulty,their rates of overall MW and voluntary MW were getting higher and higher,and the reading performance was getting lower and lower.These results lend support to WM theory and have pedagogical implications for the instruction of L2 reading.
文摘The human beings can express the outside world and their mental feelings by languages, they know the materials＇ nature by comparing with their similarities. The languages are not only tools in understanding,communication and thinking, but also one element of the cultures. Thinking is a kind of abstract skill, and the language is the vehicle of thinking, through which people can understand the human beings＇ thinking methods and cultural characters. The languages are decided by the culture. Reading comprehension is the readers＇ own behavior, during which the schema plays a key role and readers must combine the new information with their former cultural knowledge, rebuilding the new information so as to understand the deep meanings of the articles.
文摘Language teaching is a highly complex phenomenon so that it is closely related with philosophy of education, theoretical linguistics and cognitive science. The language system is constructed by adopting a series of cognitive strategies within human beings＇ experiences. On the basis of outlook of experience, reading and comprehension can be regarded as a process of prediction, perception, reasoning and retrieving, in which the reader is an experiencing individual. Thus, experience is a clue in the reading process.
文摘Based on the interactive theory of reading, this study mainly explored the etlects ot topic familiarity and second language proficiency on IVA （Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition） of second language through reading. By using two different measures （translation production and selection）, this study found： （1） Vocabulary can be acquired incidentally in reading passages; （2） There are no significant interactive effects of topic familiarity and second language proficiency on vocabulary acquisition, but the two independent variables of topic familiarity and second language proficiency exerted their positively significant effect on incidental vocabulary acquisition, and （3） As for the two vocabulary measures, learners can acquire more words in translation selection than in translation production.
基金The project is funded by Youth Scientific Research Foundation of CAFUC (Q2003-23).
文摘Discontinuous and long-duration thunderstorm weather, which occurred at Guanghan in Sichuan Province, was analyzed and predicted using structural conversion of irregular information in phase-space from self-recording “time sequence” records for predicting rain areas, as described in the “Non Destructive Information” method proposed by Professor OuYang Shoucheng. The results show that this method can reveal important changes of weather as well as, by using irregular self-recording information recorded every ten minutes, predict local thunderstorms with durations of only half an hour, and even predict intense convections 12 hours in advance. This is significant for civil and military aviation. It shows the necessity of full utilization of information from automatic weather stations and the necessity of improvements in recording modes in current automatic stations.
基金This project is sponsored by The Special Fund of Scientific Instruments of National Natural Science Foundation of China(50127402) and The Geophysical Responses to The High-resolution Exploration for Coal-methane of 973 Program(2002CB211707).
文摘Geological radar probing technology finds wide application in engineering projects. The high-precision characteristics of geologic radar should be studied in connection with fine processing and interpretation. This article discusses such issues as (1) geologic radar noise source and (2) fine processing and interpretation of radar data. It is focused on how to achieve fine processing and interpretation.
文摘AIM： To evaluate how proximal colon polyps interpreted as hyperplastic polyps in 2001 would be interpreted by expert pathologists in 2007.METHODS： ≥ 5 mm in interpreted pathologists 2007 by 3 GI Forty consecutive proximal colon polyps size, removed in 2001, and originally as hyperplastic polyps by general at Indiana University, were reviewed in pathologists.CONCLUSION： Many polyps interpreted as hyperplastic in 2001 were considered sessile serrated lesions by GI pathologists in 2007, but there is substantial inter-observer variation amongst GI pathologists.
文摘Learning strategies are usually regarded as one of the aspects of the cognitive psychology and reading is a cognitive process in which the reader engages in a conversation with the text or the author. Then is there any relationship between learning strategies and reading comprehension？ To explore this, an experimental study is conducted in this paper. The conclusion is thereafter reached that reading comprehension is closely related to and greatly affected by learning strategies, especially cognitive and metacognitive strategies.
文摘The teaching of English for Science and Technology （EST） is generally regarded as one of the most significant developments in English language pedagogy in recent years. EST is concerned with meeting the specific language needs of learners in various scientific and technological fields. These needs should be taken into consideration when planning and implementing English language courses or specialized courses to students of science and technology. This research is an attempt to investigate some of the problems involved in the teaching and learning of EST and suggest possible solutions. The research will focus on the reading comprehension of scientific and technical texts written in English, the teaching and learning of functional grammar, and the teaching and learning of lexis. These are regarded as some of the most important skills and sub-skills to be acquired by the students of science and technology to help them gain scientific information in English and reach a satisfactory level of achievement in their academic studies. The contention here is that it is in need to adopt a new set of assumptions and criteria specifically relevant to EST instead of employing those of General-English courses being used in the foundation and non-foundation years. This is in line with the basic premise of ESP （English for Special Purpose） and foundation courses which are supposed to prepare students for longer and more difficult tasks in their relevant fields of study. It is hoped that the findings of this research paper will be fruitful and relevant to other ESP courses in addition to those of EST.
文摘Reading is the main way of acquiring information and an important method of learning foreign language. But in the reading process, because of the affective and cognitive differences and the lack of knowledge about reading patterns and methods, undergraduates＇ reading efficiency and speed are greatly influenced. This article analyzes the mode and strategies which can be adopted in English reading.
文摘In psychology, the concept of interpretation has been namely associated to the subjectivist paradigm underpinning qualitative approaches, rather than the objectivist paradigm charactefising quantitative research. In this article, we challenge this belief by showing how interpretation concerns psychology as a whole. To do this, the authors will first consider some dominant tendencies characterising the psychological field in general, such as the ＂empiricist illusion＂ and the ＂trap of scientism＂ （Vygotsky 1999）. Moreover, they will introduce the cultural perspective in psychology, pertinent to deconstruct several assumptions regarding research within the discipline. Stemming from this approach, ＂indirect methods＂ will be presented with regard to their potential to analyse psychological phenomena both qualitatively and scientifically. They will conclude by describing a set of principles that can be implemented when doing qualitative research as to ensure the quality and the adequacy of interpretation.
文摘Starting from the illustration of the definition and concept of the architectural theory, the author established his unique understanding about the framework of the architectural theory and the innovation of the architectural theory underlined by Chinese characteristics.
文摘The training of reading skill is the focal point of college English teaching. Psychological linguistics provides a new point of view for college English teaching. From the aspect of psychological linguistics theory this paper discusses some issues, including how to train students to complete the reading process independently, how to build the schema to achieve integrated discourse comprehension, how to choose the most appropriate reading model, in order to improve the English reading skill and provide some enlightenment for college English reading teaching.
