The 1997 economic crisis faced by many East Asian economies has generated a substantial amount of debate largely focused on issues such as the roles and functions of good corporate governance （CG）. Lack of transpare...The 1997 economic crisis faced by many East Asian economies has generated a substantial amount of debate largely focused on issues such as the roles and functions of good corporate governance （CG）. Lack of transparency has been singled out as the major culprit of the crisis and it has been alleged to cause management to indulge themselves in unhealthy activities such as income smoothing （IS） act. The paper extends Nasuhiyah, Hian, Sob and WEI （1994） by incorporating contextual variables that proxy for CG, ownership structure and audit quality. The empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of Bursa Malaysia listed companies for a period between 1991 and 2000. The main intention of taking this time span is to observe to what extend has previous business operations inculcated the feature of CG in the running of their companies＇ activities despite not being obligatory for them to uphold. The results showed that the existence of non-executive directors and the presence of brand name auditors to be significant in hindering the management from indulging in IS. The study opens the way for a richer understanding of the links among CG, ownership structure, audit quality and IS in Malaysia.展开更多
It is generally accepted that because of conflicts of interest, the public accounting firms provide auditing services combined with consulting services to their clients may be one of the main causes of financial repor...It is generally accepted that because of conflicts of interest, the public accounting firms provide auditing services combined with consulting services to their clients may be one of the main causes of financial reporting fraud. Separating the consulting services from the auditing services becomes a general trend at present. It is indispensable to determine the boundary of auditing and consulting, and simultaneously regulating the internal control within their respective fields. On the premise of transparency of financial information, the auditing service has been separated in some countries, in order to improve the credibility of accounting information. Relevant measures include measures conducted by the management officials to ensure the quality of financial report, enhancement of the responsibilities of the auditors, and the standard formulated by the government to evaluate the auditing process and auditing opinion. Statement on conceptual framework related to assurance engagement, proposed by the Japanese government （below called ＂statement proposed by the Japanese government for short）, which verifies the credibility of financial information, is an example of the above-mentioned trend. Compared with Japan, China has different regulations and laws in relation to the assurance engagement.展开更多
This paper develops a hypothesis of the four factors from the cause of fraudulent financial reporting in terms of thoughts, culture, motive, opportunity and economic trade-off. Then tests whether independent directors...This paper develops a hypothesis of the four factors from the cause of fraudulent financial reporting in terms of thoughts, culture, motive, opportunity and economic trade-off. Then tests whether independent directors monitor and improve the quality of financial report on the basis of 1 170 firms in China by means of OLS regression. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis.展开更多
In this paper, a quantum model for the binomial market in finance is proposed. We show that its risk-neutral world exhibits an intriguing structure as a disk in the unit ball of R^3, whose radius is a function of the ...In this paper, a quantum model for the binomial market in finance is proposed. We show that its risk-neutral world exhibits an intriguing structure as a disk in the unit ball of R^3, whose radius is a function of the risk-free interest rate with two thresholds which prevent arbitrage opportunities from this quantum market. Furthermore, from the quantum mechanical point of view we re-deduce the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial option pricing formula by considering Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics of the system of N distinguishable particles.展开更多
文摘The 1997 economic crisis faced by many East Asian economies has generated a substantial amount of debate largely focused on issues such as the roles and functions of good corporate governance （CG）. Lack of transparency has been singled out as the major culprit of the crisis and it has been alleged to cause management to indulge themselves in unhealthy activities such as income smoothing （IS） act. The paper extends Nasuhiyah, Hian, Sob and WEI （1994） by incorporating contextual variables that proxy for CG, ownership structure and audit quality. The empirical analysis is conducted on a sample of Bursa Malaysia listed companies for a period between 1991 and 2000. The main intention of taking this time span is to observe to what extend has previous business operations inculcated the feature of CG in the running of their companies＇ activities despite not being obligatory for them to uphold. The results showed that the existence of non-executive directors and the presence of brand name auditors to be significant in hindering the management from indulging in IS. The study opens the way for a richer understanding of the links among CG, ownership structure, audit quality and IS in Malaysia.
文摘It is generally accepted that because of conflicts of interest, the public accounting firms provide auditing services combined with consulting services to their clients may be one of the main causes of financial reporting fraud. Separating the consulting services from the auditing services becomes a general trend at present. It is indispensable to determine the boundary of auditing and consulting, and simultaneously regulating the internal control within their respective fields. On the premise of transparency of financial information, the auditing service has been separated in some countries, in order to improve the credibility of accounting information. Relevant measures include measures conducted by the management officials to ensure the quality of financial report, enhancement of the responsibilities of the auditors, and the standard formulated by the government to evaluate the auditing process and auditing opinion. Statement on conceptual framework related to assurance engagement, proposed by the Japanese government （below called ＂statement proposed by the Japanese government for short）, which verifies the credibility of financial information, is an example of the above-mentioned trend. Compared with Japan, China has different regulations and laws in relation to the assurance engagement.
文摘This paper develops a hypothesis of the four factors from the cause of fraudulent financial reporting in terms of thoughts, culture, motive, opportunity and economic trade-off. Then tests whether independent directors monitor and improve the quality of financial report on the basis of 1 170 firms in China by means of OLS regression. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis.
文摘In this paper, a quantum model for the binomial market in finance is proposed. We show that its risk-neutral world exhibits an intriguing structure as a disk in the unit ball of R^3, whose radius is a function of the risk-free interest rate with two thresholds which prevent arbitrage opportunities from this quantum market. Furthermore, from the quantum mechanical point of view we re-deduce the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein binomial option pricing formula by considering Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics of the system of N distinguishable particles.
