利用激光超声测量H型钢梁的残余应力

介绍了利用激光超声和瑞利波测量残余应力的方法及主要的测量装置 ,描述了采用这种方法对轧制H型钢梁残余应力的测量过程 ,并对测量结果进行了分析 .

Nonlinear Dynamics of Rayleigh Taylor Instabilities Studied with a Lattice Boltzmann Method

Multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method is employed to study the later stages of Rayleigh Taylor instabilities. A heavy fluid is placed over an immiscible lighter fluid in an unstable equilibrium. Various initial disturbances are used to initiate the flow. The D2Q9 lattice arrangement is employed on the computational domain. The density distribution function is determined for both fluids, and a coloring function is used to highlight the two fluids. Interactive forces and body forces are modelled by using the Shah and Chert model. Three different initial disturbances are studied, and their late stages are examined. The classic mushroom structure can be seen on all three cases. Distortions of the mushroom structures are seen due to the effects of the boundary and the influence of the initial disturbance.

Rayleigh Wave Tomography of Ningxia and Its Adjacent Areas Based on Ambient Noise

In this article,the vertical components of the continuous waveform data of 90 seismic stations in Ningxia and its adjacent regions recorded from January 2012 to December 2013 are used to obtain the Rayleigh surface wave group velocity dispersion images in the study area( 101°- 112°E,31°-42°N) according to the method of noise imaging,with period between 6s - 50s and resolution of 0.5°. The Yinchuan basin in the 6s - 26 s period obviously shows a low velocity anomaly,which is not uniform and has a tendency to gradually weaken; the Guanzhong Basin in 6 s-22s shows a strip of low velocity anomaly and demonstrates a transverse inhomogeneity,where velocity in the southeast is slightly faster than that in the northwest. In the 30s - 50s period it shows that in the Yinchuan graben basin and its southern area,there is a large low velocity anomaly area,which moves from northeast to southwest. It shows that between the main active tectonic zones,like mountains and basins,there are obvious geomorphologic boundaries. For example,the deep fault near Liupan Mountain is the dividing line between two large tectonic units of eastern and western of China. The inversion results have good correlation with the geological structure and the stratigraphic landform. The results are consistent with the results of artificial seismic section tomography across the basin. It provides an important basis for the dynamics of active tectonic zones and the mechanism of earthquake occurrence in this area.

Rayleigh wave phase velocity tomography and strong earthquake activity on the southeastern front of the Tibetan Plateau

To investigate the relationship between velocity structure and earthquake activity on the southeastern front of the Tibetan Plat- eau, we make use of continuous observations of seismic ambient noise data obtained at 55 broadband stations from the regional Yunnan Seismic Network. These data are used to compute Rayleigh wave Green＇s Functions by cross-correlating between two stations, extracting phase velocity dispersion curves, and finally inverting to image Rayleigh wave phase velocity with periods between 5 and 34 s by ambient noise tomography. The results tie structures in the studied region. Phase velocity anomalies show significant lateral variations in crustal and uppermost man- at short periods （5-12 s） are closely related to regional tectonic features such as sediment thickness and the depth of the crystalline basement. The Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, enclosed by the Honghe, Xiaojiang and Jianchuan faults, emerges as a large range of low-velocity anomalies at periods of 16-26 s, that in- verts to high-velocity anomalies at periods of 30-34 s. The phase velocity variation in the vicinity of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block suggests that the low-velocity anomaly area in the middle-lower crust may correspond to lower crustal channel- ized flow of the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of strong earthquakes since 1970 reveals that the Yunnan region is inhomogeneous and shows prominent characteristics of block motion. However, earthquakes mostly occur in the upper crust, with the exception of the middle-Yunnan block where earthquakes occur at the interface zone between high and low velocity as well as in the low-velocity zones, with magnitudes being generally less than 7. There are few earthquakes of magnitude 5 at the depths of 15-30 km, where gather earthquakes of magnitude 7 or higher ones which mainly occur in the interface zone between high and low velocities with others extending to the high-velocity abnormal zone.

Convection in the Rayleigh-Bénard Flow with all Fluid Properties Variable

In the present paper, the effect of variable fluid properties （density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat） on the convection in the classical Rayleigh-Benard problem is investigated. The investigation concerns water, air, and engine oil by taking into account the variation of fluid properties with temperature. The results are obtained by numerically solving the governing equations, using the SIMPLE algorithm and covering large temperature differences. It is found that the critical Rayleigh number increases as the temperature difference increases considering all fluid properties variable. However, when the fluid properties are kept constant, calculated at the mean temperature, and only density is considered variable, the critical Rayleigh number either decreases or remains constant.

Measurements of heat transport by turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in rectangular cells of widely varying aspect ratios

High-precision measurements of the Nusselt number Nu for Rayleigh-B6nard （RB） convection have been made in rectangular cells of water （Prandtl number Pr ≈ 5 and 7） with aspect ratios （F~, Fy） varying between （1, 0.3） and （20.8, 6.3）. For each cell the data cover a range of a little over a decade of Rayleigh number Ra and for all cells they jointly span the range 6x105 〈 Ra 〈1011. The two implicit equations of the Grossmann-Lohse （GL） model together with the empirical finite conductivity cor- rection factorf（X） were fitted to obtain estimates of Nu∞ in the presence of perfectly conducting plates, and the obtained Nu∞ is independent of the cells＇ aspect ratios. A combination of two-power-law, Nu∞= O.025Ra0.357＋O.525Ra0.168, can be used to de- scribe Nu∞（Ra）. The fitted exponents 0.357 and 0.168 are respectively close to the predictions 1/3 and 1/5 of the 11μ. and 1Vμ re- gimes of the GL model. Furthermore, a clear transition from the II. regime to the IVμ regime with increasing Ra is revealed.

Study of Optical Fibers Strain-Temperature Sensitivities Using Hybrid Brillouin-Rayleigh System

In this paper, the most recent progress as well as challenges of distributed optical fiber sensing （DOFS） in industrial applications is discussed. Compared to the vast market of sensors used to measure strain or temperature, the success of distributed optical fiber sensing （DOFS） at the industrial level is very limited, at best. One of the reasons for this lack of the wider acceptance is the mismatch between the commercially available systems and actual industrial requirements, especially for the spatial resolution and precision. These requirements are organized and clarified in the paper. It also describes the hybrid Brillouin-Rayleigh system, which exhibits capabilities surpassing those of strain gauges. The principles of the system are illustrated considering the fiber calibration methodology. Formulas required for determining strain, temperature, and hydro-pressure are derived and discussed. Finally, the examples of applications are presented.

Rayleigh backscattering minimization in single fiber colorless WDM-PON using intensity remodulation technique

The performance of colorless wavelength-division multiplexed passive optical network(WDM-PON) systems suffers from the transmission impairments mainly due to Rayleigh backscattering(RB).In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a single fiber colorless WDM-PON which enhances the tolerance to RB induced noise.The high extinction ratio in both return-to-zero(RZ)-shaped differential phase shift keying(DPSK) downstream(DS) data signal and intensity-remodulated upstream(US) data signal helps to improve the tolerance to RB induced noise.Simulation results show that downstream and upstream signals can achieve error-free performance at 10 Gbit/s with negligible penalty and improve the tolerance to RB induced noise over 25 km standard single-mode fiber.

Optical trapping of metallic Rayleigh particle by combined beam

Radiation forces and trapping stability of metallic （i.e. gold） Rayleigh particle by combined beam are analyzed, and the combined beam is formed by superimposing two partially coherent off-axis fiat-topped beams. The dependences of radiation forces on off-axis distance parameter, correlation length and particle radius are illustrated by numerical examples. The results show that there exist critical values d0,c and or σ0,c for the combined beam. For 0〈d ≤ d0,c or 0〈σ0 ≤ σ0,c the Gaussianlike intensity profile takes place at the geometrical focal plane, so that the transverse gradient force can act as restoring force. As the off-axis distance parameter increases or the correlation length decreases, the maximal intensity, the radiation force and trapping stiffness become smaller, while the transverse and longitudinal trapping ranges become larger. In comparison with a single beam, the combined beam is more favourable for trapping metallic Rayleigh particle owing to the stronger trapping stiffness and the larger trapping range.