六硝基六氮杂异戊兹烷自催化分解特性与热安全性研究

六硝基六氮杂异戊兹烷(CL-20)是一种十分重要的新型单质炸药,其热分解安全性一直备受关注。利用动态差示扫描量热(DSC)仪进行实验,初步研究了CL-20的热行为;利用中断回归法、瑞士方法研究了CL-20的自催化反应特性,并用等温DSC实验进行了验证;基于CL-20的动态DSC曲线数据,采用Friedman法求得其活化能E_α与ln[Af(α)]值随转化率α的变化曲线,并结合热平衡方程计算了其绝热诱导期TMR_(ad).结果表明:CL-20的起始分解温度为233.5~255.7℃,其分解反应为自催化反应,热履历显著降低了其起始分解温度和峰温;在反应的不同阶段,CL-20具有不同的活化能,其绝热诱导期8 h和24 h对应的温度T_(D8)和T_(D24)分别为162.3℃和152.8℃.

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮自催化分解反应特性与热安全性研究

通过动态差示扫描量热实验研究了3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)的热行为,得到其热分解反应曲线。利用中断回归法、瑞士方法研究了NTO的自催化热分解反应特性,并通过等温实验进行验证。基于NTO的热分解反应曲线数据,采用Friedman法求得其活化能Eα与ln[Af(α)]值随转化率α的变化曲线,并结合热平衡方程计算了其绝热诱导期TMRa.结果表明:在升温速率分别为2℃/min、5℃/min、10℃/min、20℃/min条件下,NTO的起始分解温度为249.4~271.2℃,其分解反应为自催化反应,热履历显著降低了其起始分解温度和峰值温度;在反应不同阶段,NTO具有不同的活化能,其绝热诱导期为8 h和24 h时对应的温度T8和T24分别为166.1℃和152.1℃.

ELF Interactions Among Chinese, Greek, and Swiss Speakers of English

The paper concerns the issue of ELF （English as a lingua franca） in the European and Asian context. The authors start from a brief conceptual perspective to shed light on salient aspects related to ELF. Then, this paper discusses the study investigating the interactions among NNS （non-native speakers） of English in the naturalistic settings, namely in Zhangjiajie （China）, Masouri （Kalymnos/Greece）, and Unterwasser （Switzerland）. The main objective of the research based on the qualitative methodology was to analyze the ELF interactions from the linguistic point of view focusing on lexicogrammar and pragmatic features. The secondary objective was to establish whether the identified ELF features contributed to communication intelligibility. The obtained results indicated a few significant similarities with the Seidlhofer＇s list of the ELT characteristics. Furthermore, it was established in the study that the ELF features did not interfere with effective communication between interlocutors