Some Notable Chinese in Dublin in the Mid-Twentieth Century

The careers of three Chinese physicists,Hu Ning,Ma Shijun,and Peng Huanwu at the Dublin Institute for Advance Studies in the 1940s,and later,are described.A brief history of the foundation and operations of the institute,as well as the roles in it of Erwin Schrodinger,Walter Heitler,Max Born,and others are included.Some details are given of the works carried out there.The three men's post-institute careers are described,Ma eventually in Australia,and Hu and Peng in the People's Republic of China where they became distinguished leaders of theoretical physics research.

Template growth mechanism of spherical Ni(OH)_2

The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni（OH）2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni（OH）2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni（OH）2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model： the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.

Phosphorene-Based van der Waals Heterojunction for Solar Water Splitting

As a clean and renewable future energy source, hydrogen fuel can be produced via solar water splitting. Two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorene (black-P) can harvest visible light due to the desirable band gap, which promises it as a metal-free photocatalyst. However, black-P can be only used to produce hydrogen since the oxidation potential of water locates lower than the position of the valence band maximum. To improve the photocatalytic performance of black-P, here, using black-P and blue phosphorene (blue-P) monolayers, we propose a 2D van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction. Theoretical results, including the band structures, density of states, Bader charge population, charge density di erence, and optical absorption spectra, clearly reveal that the visible light absorption ability is obviously improved, and the band edge alignment of the proposed vdW heterojunction displays a typical type-II feature to effectively separate the photogenerated carriers. At the same time, the built-in interfacial electric field prevents the electron-hole recombination. These predictions suggest that the examined phosphorene-based vdW heterojunction is an efficient photocatalyst for solar water splitting.

Systems of equations for van der Waerden numbers

In this paper we transfer the van der Waerden problem into a problem of solving special systems of equations and give some properties of the solutions for the systems.

First Process of Hydrogen-Metal

Hydrogen-Metal pure at thousand thousandth in ingots is a superconductive metal. The sole ＂additive＂ which is bounding to the molecules and to the atoms of Hydrogen is an ＂inert＂ gas which is a new isotope of H and which is as the property of holding them together without modifying their characteristics, which means that the forces of Van der Waals and especially the forces of repulsion annihilate themselves： The molecules do not move apart from each other when pressure is lowering. That is the secret of the production of Hydrogen-Metal stable at High Pressure-Low Pressure and High Temperature 6-Low Temperature. In 2007, at the ICENES 2007 conference, it was supposed to be officially announced the existence of the first two Hydrogen-Metal ingots, pure at thousand thousandth and stable at ambient temperature. If in a certain scientific club this reality was communicated but since the strategic importance of such a discovery in the military as well as the financial domain and considering also its civil application, according to my will, it was not officially publicized until November 2007 at the INCANSE 2007 conference in Bandung.

遮蔽的罪恶:英军在第二次侵略西藏战争期间的劫掠行为

1903—1904年英军第二次入侵西藏期间,不顾1899年已经签署的《陆战法规和惯例公约》中战时不得劫掠平民财产的规定,大肆抢夺寺庙和平民财产,给西藏普通民众造成极大苦难。但是,由于战争期间、战争之后英方对相关报道和亲历者著述实施“净化”审查,真相被长期遮蔽,西方社会迄今仍坚信荣赫鹏率领的是“和平使团”。文章综合近年披露的各类史料,从有预谋的文物掠夺、放任军队抢劫寺庙和平民财产两个方面梳理了英军的劫掠行为,并就英方对劫掠行为的掩盖进行了初步探讨。

Transformation optics applied to van der Waals interactions

The van der Waals force originates from the electromagnetic interaction between quantum fluctuationinduced charges. It is a ubiquitous but subtle force which plays an important role and has a wide range of applications in surface related phenomena like adhesion, friction,and colloidal stability. Calculating the van der Waals force between closely spaced metallic nanoparticles is very challenging due to the strong concentration of electromagnetic fields at the nanometric gap. Especially, at such a small length scale, the macroscopic description of the dielectric properties no longer suffices. The diffuse nonlocal nature of the induced surface electrons which are smeared out near the boundary has to be considered. Here,we review the recent progress on using three-dimensional transformation optics to study the van der Waals forces between closely spaced nanostructures. Through mapping a seemingly asymmetric system to a more symmetric counterpart, transformation optics enables us to look into the behavior of van der Waals forces at extreme length scales,where the effect of nonlocality is found to dramatically weaken the van der Waals interactions.

Space-confined and substrate-directed synthesis of transition-metal dichalcogenide nanostructures with tunable dimensionality

Atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenide(TMDC) nanostructures are predicted to exhibit novel physical properties that make them attractive candidates for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, TMDCs tend to grow in the form of two-dimensional nanoplates(NPs) rather than one-dimensional nanoribbons(NRs) due to their native layered structure. Herein, we have developed a space-confined and substrate-directed chemical vapor deposition strategy for the controllable synthesis of WS2, WSe2, MoSe2, MoS2, WS2(1-x)Se2x NPs and NRs. TMDC NRs with lengths ranging from several micrometers to 100 μm have been obtained and the widths of TMDC NRs can be effectively tuned.Moreover, we found that TMDC NRs show different growth behaviors on van der Waals(vdW) and nonvd W substrates. The micro-nano structures, optical and electronic properties of synthesized TMDC NRs have been systematically investigated. This approach provides a general strategy for controllable synthesis of TMDC NRs, which makes these materials easily accessible as functional building blocks for novel optoelectronic devices.

Quantum precision measurement of two-dimensional forces with 10^(-28)-Newton stability

High-precision sensing of vectorial forces has broad impact on both fundamental research and technological applications such as the examination of vacuum fluctuations and the detection of surface roughness of nanostructures.Recent years have witnessed much progress on sensing alternating electromagnetic forces for the rapidly advancing quantum technology-orders of magnitude improvement has been accomplished on the detection sensitivity with atomic sensors,whereas such high-precision measurements for static electromagnetic forces have rarely been demonstrated.Here,based on quantum atomic matter waves confined by a two-dimensional optical lattice,we perform precision measurement of static electromagnetic forces by imaging coherent wave mechanics in the reciprocal space.The lattice confinement causes a decoupling between real-space and reciprocal dynamics,and provides a rigid coordinate frame for calibrating the wavevector accumulation of the matter wave.With that we achieve a stateof-the-art sensitivity of 2.30(8)×10^(-26) N/√Hz.Long-term stabilities on the order of 10^(-28) N are observed in the two spatial components of a force,which allows probing atomic Van der Waals forces at one millimeter distance.As a further illustrative application,we use our atomic sensor to calibrate the control precision of an alternating electromagnetic force applied in the experiment.Future developments of this method hold promise for delivering unprecedented atom-based quantum force sensing technologies.

Van der Waals epitaxial growth of two-dimensional PbSe and its high-performance heterostructure devices

Inspired by the great success of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)layered crystals,more and more attention is being paid to preparing 2D nanostructures from non-layered materials.They can significantly enrich the 2D materials and 2D heterostructures family,extend their application prospects,and bring us distinct properties from their bulk counterparts due to the strong 2D confinement effect.However,the realization of 2D non-layered semiconductors with strong light-harvesting capability and the ability to construct high-performance 2D heterostructures is still a critical challenge.Herein,we successfully synthesized 2D PbSe semiconductors with a large lateral dimension and ultrathin thickness via van der Waals epitaxy.The fabricated 2D PbSe device exhibits good electrical conductivity and superior multi-wavelength photoresponse performance with high responsivity(∼10^(3) A/W)and impressive detectivity(∼2×10^(11) Jones).Furthermore,we demonstrate that 2D PbSe nanosheets can serve as component units for constructing high-performance heterostructure devices.With our strategy,ultrahigh current on/off ratio(∼10^(8))and rectification ratio(∼10^()6),as well as high responsivity(∼3×10^(3) A/W)and detectivity(∼7×10^(12) Jones),can be achieved in PbSe/MoS_(2) back-gated transistors.These results indicate that 2D PbSe nanosheets and their heterostructures have tremendous applications potential in electrical and optoelectronic devices.