[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily determine the physiological mechanism of glyphosate resistance produced in wild soybean（Glycine soja） and further provide a basis for the breeding of glyphosate-resistan...[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily determine the physiological mechanism of glyphosate resistance produced in wild soybean（Glycine soja） and further provide a basis for the breeding of glyphosate-resistant soybean. [Method] First,a screening for glyphosate resistant varieties among sixty-seven wild soybean materials was done in a field trial; subsequently, physiological indexes of the screened resistant variety ZYD0685 and the sensitive variety ZYD0790 were studied. [Result]At the glyphosate dose of 1.23 kg a.i/hm2, glyphoaste resistance varied greatly among different wild soybean materials, with the highest survival rate of 87% and83% occurring in ZYD0685 and ZYD2405, respectively, and that of another seven accessions ranged from 2.7% to 38%, and all the remaining fifty-eight soybean materials died. After treatment with glyphoaste at different doses, there were no significant differences in chlorophyll content and shikimate content in the resistant ZYD0685, but there was an evident increase in the activity of gultathione-S-transferases（GSTs）; while in the sensitive ZYD0790, the content of shikimic acid increased significantly, and chlorophyll content decreased significantly, and GSTs activity revealed a slight change. [Conclusion] Therefore, lowering the amount of accumulated shikimic acid is the major physiological response to glyphosate in wild soybean.展开更多
Microsomal glutathion S-transferase(mGST) is one of the important detoxifcation enzymes in vivo,its modifying activation by drugs has been paid more attention to in pertinent field recently.This study was to explore t...Microsomal glutathion S-transferase(mGST) is one of the important detoxifcation enzymes in vivo,its modifying activation by drugs has been paid more attention to in pertinent field recently.This study was to explore the influence of paracetamol(Par) on mGST and its possible mechanism in vivo,and to further reveal the biological significance.Par is metabolized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine(NAPQI) by CYP2E1 and mGST is activated by sulfhydryl modification.展开更多
Oxidative stress, generated by chronic ethanol consumption, is a major cause of hepatotoxicity and liver injury. Increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals due to ethanol metabolism by CYP2E1 is principally ...Oxidative stress, generated by chronic ethanol consumption, is a major cause of hepatotoxicity and liver injury. Increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals due to ethanol metabolism by CYP2E1 is principally located in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria, which does not only injure liver cells, but also other vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. Therefore, there is a need for better treatment to enhance the antioxidant response elements. To date, there is no established treatment to attenuate high levels of oxidative stress in the liver of alcoholic patients. To block this oxidative stress, proteasome inhibitor treatment has been found to significantly enhance the antioxidant response elements of hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. Recent studies have shown in an experimental model of alcoholic liver disease that proteasome inhibitor treatment at low dose has cytoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and liver steatosis. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment against oxidative stress occurred because antioxidant response elements （glutathione peroxidase 2, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione synthetase, glutathione reductase, and GCLC） were upregulated when rats fed alcohol were treated with a low dose of PS-34Z （Bortezomib, Velcade）. This is an important finding because proteasome inhibitor treatment up-regulated reactive oxygen species removal and glutathione recycling enzymes, while ethanol feeding alone down-regulated these antioxidant elements. For the first time, it was shown that proteasome inhibition by a highly specific and reversible inhibitor is different from the chronic ethanol feeding-induced proteasome inhibition. As previously shown by our group, chronic ethanol feeding causes a complex dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which affects the proteasome system, as well as the ubiquitination system. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease are related to proteasome inhibitor reversibility and the rebound of proteasome activity 72 h post PS-341 administration.展开更多
A 240-day growth experiment in a re-circulating water system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary menadione on the growth and antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Triplicate grou...A 240-day growth experiment in a re-circulating water system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary menadione on the growth and antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Triplicate groups of juvenile abalone (initial weight: 1.19 ± 0.01 g; shell length: 19.23 ± 0.01 mm) were fed to satiation with 3 semi-purified diets containing 0, 10, and 1 000 mg menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)/kg, respectively. Results show that there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain or in the daily increment in shell length of abalone among different treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in viscera were significantly decreased with dietary menadione. However, activities of these enzymes except for GPX in muscle were increased. Therefore, antioxidant responses of abalone were increased in muscle and decreased in viscera by dietary menadione.展开更多
To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in ...To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment.展开更多
Objective Chemotherapy may cause drug-induced liver damage and studying the effectiveness of hepatoprotective substances in the clinical context is still warranted. We assessed the effectiveness of three commonly use...Objective Chemotherapy may cause drug-induced liver damage and studying the effectiveness of hepatoprotective substances in the clinical context is still warranted. We assessed the effectiveness of three commonly used natural substances for liver protection in East Asia. Methods： Retrospectively, we collected all medical records during a period of three years of cancer patients that underwent chemotherapy treatment and received glutathione, magnesium isoglicyrrhyzinate or polyene phosphatidylcholine at a Chinese integrative medicine hospital. Liver enzymes before and after one treatment cycle were detected. Paired t-test, chi-square, Snedcor＇s F distribution and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Results： 98 individuals were eligible for inclusion. After treatment, in the glutathione group, there were lower values in alanine aminotransferase （P 〈 0.05） and aspartate aminotransferase （P 〈 0.05）. There was also a lower level of liver injury in patients （P 〈 0.05）. In the magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate group there were lower values in total protein （P 〈 0.05）, alkaline phosphatase （P 〈 0.05） and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase values （P 〈 0.05）. There was also a lower level of liver injury in patients after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. In the polyene phosphatidylcholine group, there were no lower values of interest, including those of liver injury in patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Glutathione and magnesium isoglicyrrhyzinate may be similarly effective in preserving liver function and preventing drug-induced liver injury in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Polyene phosphatidylcholine may have no significant activity in protecting liver function and preventing drug-induced liver injury in advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Since elevated glutathione levels may increase the antioxidant capacity and the resistance to oxidative stress by cancer cells, it is plausible to conclude that maintenance of high intracellular levels of glutathione could be critical for metastatic cells growth.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30971834)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to preliminarily determine the physiological mechanism of glyphosate resistance produced in wild soybean（Glycine soja） and further provide a basis for the breeding of glyphosate-resistant soybean. [Method] First,a screening for glyphosate resistant varieties among sixty-seven wild soybean materials was done in a field trial; subsequently, physiological indexes of the screened resistant variety ZYD0685 and the sensitive variety ZYD0790 were studied. [Result]At the glyphosate dose of 1.23 kg a.i/hm2, glyphoaste resistance varied greatly among different wild soybean materials, with the highest survival rate of 87% and83% occurring in ZYD0685 and ZYD2405, respectively, and that of another seven accessions ranged from 2.7% to 38%, and all the remaining fifty-eight soybean materials died. After treatment with glyphoaste at different doses, there were no significant differences in chlorophyll content and shikimate content in the resistant ZYD0685, but there was an evident increase in the activity of gultathione-S-transferases（GSTs）; while in the sensitive ZYD0790, the content of shikimic acid increased significantly, and chlorophyll content decreased significantly, and GSTs activity revealed a slight change. [Conclusion] Therefore, lowering the amount of accumulated shikimic acid is the major physiological response to glyphosate in wild soybean.
文摘Microsomal glutathion S-transferase(mGST) is one of the important detoxifcation enzymes in vivo,its modifying activation by drugs has been paid more attention to in pertinent field recently.This study was to explore the influence of paracetamol(Par) on mGST and its possible mechanism in vivo,and to further reveal the biological significance.Par is metabolized to N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine(NAPQI) by CYP2E1 and mGST is activated by sulfhydryl modification.
基金Supported by NIH/NIAAA 8116 and by a Pilot Project Funding from the Alcohol Center Grant on Liver and Pancreas P50-011999
文摘Oxidative stress, generated by chronic ethanol consumption, is a major cause of hepatotoxicity and liver injury. Increased production of oxygen-derived free radicals due to ethanol metabolism by CYP2E1 is principally located in the cytoplasm and in the mitochondria, which does not only injure liver cells, but also other vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. Therefore, there is a need for better treatment to enhance the antioxidant response elements. To date, there is no established treatment to attenuate high levels of oxidative stress in the liver of alcoholic patients. To block this oxidative stress, proteasome inhibitor treatment has been found to significantly enhance the antioxidant response elements of hepatocytes exposed to ethanol. Recent studies have shown in an experimental model of alcoholic liver disease that proteasome inhibitor treatment at low dose has cytoprotective effects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and liver steatosis. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment against oxidative stress occurred because antioxidant response elements （glutathione peroxidase 2, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione synthetase, glutathione reductase, and GCLC） were upregulated when rats fed alcohol were treated with a low dose of PS-34Z （Bortezomib, Velcade）. This is an important finding because proteasome inhibitor treatment up-regulated reactive oxygen species removal and glutathione recycling enzymes, while ethanol feeding alone down-regulated these antioxidant elements. For the first time, it was shown that proteasome inhibition by a highly specific and reversible inhibitor is different from the chronic ethanol feeding-induced proteasome inhibition. As previously shown by our group, chronic ethanol feeding causes a complex dysfunction in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, which affects the proteasome system, as well as the ubiquitination system. The beneficial effects of proteasome inhibitor treatment in alcoholic liver disease are related to proteasome inhibitor reversibility and the rebound of proteasome activity 72 h post PS-341 administration.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30972262)
文摘A 240-day growth experiment in a re-circulating water system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary menadione on the growth and antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Triplicate groups of juvenile abalone (initial weight: 1.19 ± 0.01 g; shell length: 19.23 ± 0.01 mm) were fed to satiation with 3 semi-purified diets containing 0, 10, and 1 000 mg menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)/kg, respectively. Results show that there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain or in the daily increment in shell length of abalone among different treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in viscera were significantly decreased with dietary menadione. However, activities of these enzymes except for GPX in muscle were increased. Therefore, antioxidant responses of abalone were increased in muscle and decreased in viscera by dietary menadione.
基金Supported by the Taishan Scholar Programthe Marine Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of China(No.201105013)+2 种基金the Basic Scientific Fund of the First Institute of Oceanography,State Oceanic Administration,China(No.2010T04)the Natural Science Foundation of State Oceanic Administration of China(No.2012534)the China Maritime Surveillance Operational Fund
文摘To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment.
文摘Objective Chemotherapy may cause drug-induced liver damage and studying the effectiveness of hepatoprotective substances in the clinical context is still warranted. We assessed the effectiveness of three commonly used natural substances for liver protection in East Asia. Methods： Retrospectively, we collected all medical records during a period of three years of cancer patients that underwent chemotherapy treatment and received glutathione, magnesium isoglicyrrhyzinate or polyene phosphatidylcholine at a Chinese integrative medicine hospital. Liver enzymes before and after one treatment cycle were detected. Paired t-test, chi-square, Snedcor＇s F distribution and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Results： 98 individuals were eligible for inclusion. After treatment, in the glutathione group, there were lower values in alanine aminotransferase （P 〈 0.05） and aspartate aminotransferase （P 〈 0.05）. There was also a lower level of liver injury in patients （P 〈 0.05）. In the magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate group there were lower values in total protein （P 〈 0.05）, alkaline phosphatase （P 〈 0.05） and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase values （P 〈 0.05）. There was also a lower level of liver injury in patients after treatment （P 〈 0.05）. In the polyene phosphatidylcholine group, there were no lower values of interest, including those of liver injury in patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Glutathione and magnesium isoglicyrrhyzinate may be similarly effective in preserving liver function and preventing drug-induced liver injury in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Polyene phosphatidylcholine may have no significant activity in protecting liver function and preventing drug-induced liver injury in advanced cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Since elevated glutathione levels may increase the antioxidant capacity and the resistance to oxidative stress by cancer cells, it is plausible to conclude that maintenance of high intracellular levels of glutathione could be critical for metastatic cells growth.
