在建立了稳定的胀果甘草细胞悬浮培养体系的基础上,分析了体系中细胞生长、基质消耗及产物合成的动态变化,利用Excel 2013和Origin Pro 8.0软件处理实验数据,拟合出模型参数,建立了相应的非结构动力学模型.模型模拟值与试验值的拟合度良...在建立了稳定的胀果甘草细胞悬浮培养体系的基础上,分析了体系中细胞生长、基质消耗及产物合成的动态变化,利用Excel 2013和Origin Pro 8.0软件处理实验数据,拟合出模型参数,建立了相应的非结构动力学模型.模型模拟值与试验值的拟合度良好,相关系数分别为0.968 46、0.964 17、0.975 64,表明建立的动力学模型能很好地预测甘草细胞的悬浮培养过程,对指导反应器放大培养甘草细胞具有重要意义,同时为植物细胞生物反应器的设计提供理论依据.展开更多
Aniso-dose glycyrrhiza polysaccharide was injected into abdominal cavity of mice. The effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance and immune ruction of mice was determined. The results showed that the g...Aniso-dose glycyrrhiza polysaccharide was injected into abdominal cavity of mice. The effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance and immune ruction of mice was determined. The results showed that the growth performance and immune function of mice were improved and there were significant differences among the treatment groups and control group.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on proliferation inhibition, apop totic induction, and the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in human breast...Objective:To study the effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on proliferation inhibition, apop totic induction, and the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Methods: After MCF-7 cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 50 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L for 24 h, cell viability of proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. After the cells were treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L GA for 24 h, the rates of cell apoptosis were examined by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling method and flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescent stain. After the cells treated with 150 μmol/L GA for 24 h, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by Fure-2 fluorescein load method. Results: After the cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 100 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L, the rates of proliferative inhibition were increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) in a dose dependent fashion. IC50 of the proliferation inhibition was 234.33 μmol/L. Treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L, the rates of cell apoptosis were increased significantly (P<0.01). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration after treatment with GA was higher evidently than that of control (P<0.05). Conclusion: 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid has the effects of the proliferation inhibition and the apoptotic induction on MCF-7 cells. The rise of intracellular Ca2+ level may be depended on apoptosis induced by GA in MCF-7 cells.展开更多
AIM： To examine how High-mobility group box I （HMGB1） regulates hepatocyte apoptosis and, furthermore, to determine whether glycyrrhizin （GL）, a known HMGB1 inhibitor, prevents HMGBl-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
Metabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO）, a major biologically active nitric oxide （NO） species, is catalyzed by the evolutionally conserved GSNO reductase （GSNOR）. Previous studies showed that the Arabidopsis ...Metabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO）, a major biologically active nitric oxide （NO） species, is catalyzed by the evolutionally conserved GSNO reductase （GSNOR）. Previous studies showed that the Arabidopsis GSNOR1/ HOT5 gene regulates salicylic acid signaling and thermotolerance by modulating the intracellular S-nitrosothiol level. Here, we report the characterization of the Arabidopsisparaquat resistant2-1 （par2-1） mutant that shows an anti-cell death phenotype. The production of superoxide in par2-1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants when treated by paraquat （1,1＇-dimethyl-4,4＇-bipyridinium dichloride）, suggesting that PAR2 acts downstream of superoxide to regulate cell death. PAR2, identified by positional cloning, is shown to be identical to GSNOR1/HOT5. The par2-1 mutant carries a missense mutation in a highly conserved glycine, which renders the mutant protein unstable. Compared to wild type, par2-1 mutant has a higher NO level, as revealed by staining with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Consistent with this result, wild-type plants treated with an NO donor display resistance to paraquat. Interestingly, the GSNOR1/HOT5/PAR2 protein level, other than its steady-state mRNA level, is induced by paraquat, but is reduced by NO donors. Taken together, these results suggest that GSNOR1/HOT5/PAR2 plays an important role in regulating cell death in plant cells through modulating intracellular NO level.展开更多
The intestinal permeability of two flavonoid compounds liquiritin （LQ） and isoliquiritin （ILQ） was investigated using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. In order to evaluate the permeability and predict the absorpti...The intestinal permeability of two flavonoid compounds liquiritin （LQ） and isoliquiritin （ILQ） was investigated using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. In order to evaluate the permeability and predict the absorption mechanism of the two compounds, the study on bidirectional permeability from the apical （AP） side to the basolateral （BL） side as well as from the BL side to the AP side was carried out. The determination was performed by HPLC-UV method. And the permeability parameters, especially the apparent permeability coefficients （Papp）, were then calculated. The Papp values of LQ and ILQ are （5.40±0.16）× 10^-7 and （8.69±0.15）× 10^-7 cm/s, respectively. The results of time- and concentration-dependent transport experiments indicate that both LQ and ILQ are poor absorbed mainly through passive diffusion.展开更多
This study investigated the protective effect of the compatibility of hypaconitine （HA） and glycyrrhetinic acid （GA） on H9c2 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation （OGD）-induced injury, and the possible mech...This study investigated the protective effect of the compatibility of hypaconitine （HA） and glycyrrhetinic acid （GA） on H9c2 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation （OGD）-induced injury, and the possible mechanisms. We found that HA＋GA significantly improved pathology and morphology of the nucleus and ultrastructure of H9c2 cells under OGD as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） tests. It also reduced the releases of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme （CK-MB）, and aspartate transaminase （AST） from the cultured supernatant of H9c2 cells, which were tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay （ELISA） kits. In addition, it lessened the apoptotic rate as determined by a fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V/propidium iodide （FITC-AV/PI） double staining assay. It was also found that HA＋GA might regulate the protein expression associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, the study demonstrated that HA＋GA protected H9c2 cells against OGD-induced injury, and the signaling mechanism might be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.展开更多
Objective： Salmonella enterica remains a major cause of food-borne disease in humans, and Salmonella Typhimurium （ST） contamination of poultry products is a worldwide problem. Since macrophages play an essential ro...Objective： Salmonella enterica remains a major cause of food-borne disease in humans, and Salmonella Typhimurium （ST） contamination of poultry products is a worldwide problem. Since macrophages play an essential role in controlling Salmonella infection, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid （GA） on immune function of chicken HD11 macrophages. Methods： Chicken HD11 macrophages were treated with GA （0, 12.5 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 pg/ml） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS, 500 ng/ml） for 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Evaluated responses included phagocytosis, bacteria-killing, gene expression of cell surface molecules （cluster of differentiation 40 （CD40）, CD80, CD83, and CD197） and antimicrobial effectors （inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, NADPH oxidase-1 （NOX-1）, interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α factor （LITAF）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-IO）, and production of nitric oxide （NO） and hydrogen peroxide （H202）. Results： GA increased the internalization of both fiuorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）-dextran and ST by HD11 cells and markedly decreased the intracellular survival of ST. We found that the messenger RNA （mRNA） expression of cell surface molecules （CD40, CDSO, CD83, and CD197） and cytokines （IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10） of HD11 cells was up-regulated following GA exposure. The expression of iNOS and NOX-1 was induced by GA and thereby the productions of NO and H202 in HD11 cells were enhanced. Notably, it was verified that nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathways were responsible for GA-induced synthesis of NO and IFN-γ gene expression. Conclusions： Taken together, these results suggested that GA exhibits a potent immune regulatory effect to activate chicken macrophages and enhances Salmonella-killing capacity.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Educational Committee(2003230110)Key Research Foundation of Henan Institute of Science and Techonology~~
文摘Aniso-dose glycyrrhiza polysaccharide was injected into abdominal cavity of mice. The effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance and immune ruction of mice was determined. The results showed that the growth performance and immune function of mice were improved and there were significant differences among the treatment groups and control group.
文摘Objective:To study the effects of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on proliferation inhibition, apop totic induction, and the relationship between GA-induced apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cells. Methods: After MCF-7 cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 50 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L for 24 h, cell viability of proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. After the cells were treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L GA for 24 h, the rates of cell apoptosis were examined by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling method and flow cytometry with Annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescent stain. After the cells treated with 150 μmol/L GA for 24 h, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by Fure-2 fluorescein load method. Results: After the cells were treated with GA at the concentrations from 100 μmol/L to 250 μmol/L, the rates of proliferative inhibition were increased significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01) in a dose dependent fashion. IC50 of the proliferation inhibition was 234.33 μmol/L. Treated with 100 μmol/L, 150 μmol/L, and 200 μmol/L, the rates of cell apoptosis were increased significantly (P<0.01). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration after treatment with GA was higher evidently than that of control (P<0.05). Conclusion: 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid has the effects of the proliferation inhibition and the apoptotic induction on MCF-7 cells. The rise of intracellular Ca2+ level may be depended on apoptosis induced by GA in MCF-7 cells.
基金Supported by Samsung Biomedical Research Institute grant,No.SBRI C-A8-219-1
文摘AIM： To examine how High-mobility group box I （HMGB1） regulates hepatocyte apoptosis and, furthermore, to determine whether glycyrrhizin （GL）, a known HMGB1 inhibitor, prevents HMGBl-induced hepatocyte apoptosis.
基金We thank Dr Gary Loake （University of Edinburgh, UK） for providing gsnor1-3 seeds. We are grateful to Drs Chuanyou Li, Shuhua Yang and Yiqin Wang for critically reading the manuscript. This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30330360）, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （2006AA 10A 112） and the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-YW-N-015）.
文摘Metabolism of S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO）, a major biologically active nitric oxide （NO） species, is catalyzed by the evolutionally conserved GSNO reductase （GSNOR）. Previous studies showed that the Arabidopsis GSNOR1/ HOT5 gene regulates salicylic acid signaling and thermotolerance by modulating the intracellular S-nitrosothiol level. Here, we report the characterization of the Arabidopsisparaquat resistant2-1 （par2-1） mutant that shows an anti-cell death phenotype. The production of superoxide in par2-1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants when treated by paraquat （1,1＇-dimethyl-4,4＇-bipyridinium dichloride）, suggesting that PAR2 acts downstream of superoxide to regulate cell death. PAR2, identified by positional cloning, is shown to be identical to GSNOR1/HOT5. The par2-1 mutant carries a missense mutation in a highly conserved glycine, which renders the mutant protein unstable. Compared to wild type, par2-1 mutant has a higher NO level, as revealed by staining with 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate. Consistent with this result, wild-type plants treated with an NO donor display resistance to paraquat. Interestingly, the GSNOR1/HOT5/PAR2 protein level, other than its steady-state mRNA level, is induced by paraquat, but is reduced by NO donors. Taken together, these results suggest that GSNOR1/HOT5/PAR2 plays an important role in regulating cell death in plant cells through modulating intracellular NO level.
基金National New Drug R & D Program(Grant No. 2009ZX09301-010)National High Technology Program(Grant No. 2002AA2Z343C,2004AA2Z3783) of ChinaAbility Enhancing Project of National Science Fund for Talent Training in Basic Science(Grant No.J0830836)
文摘The intestinal permeability of two flavonoid compounds liquiritin （LQ） and isoliquiritin （ILQ） was investigated using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model. In order to evaluate the permeability and predict the absorption mechanism of the two compounds, the study on bidirectional permeability from the apical （AP） side to the basolateral （BL） side as well as from the BL side to the AP side was carried out. The determination was performed by HPLC-UV method. And the permeability parameters, especially the apparent permeability coefficients （Papp）, were then calculated. The Papp values of LQ and ILQ are （5.40±0.16）× 10^-7 and （8.69±0.15）× 10^-7 cm/s, respectively. The results of time- and concentration-dependent transport experiments indicate that both LQ and ILQ are poor absorbed mainly through passive diffusion.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81473412,81573868,and 81630105)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ17H270001)the Zhejiang Provincial Program for the Cultivation of High-Level Innovative Health Talents,China
文摘This study investigated the protective effect of the compatibility of hypaconitine （HA） and glycyrrhetinic acid （GA） on H9c2 cells under oxygen and glucose deprivation （OGD）-induced injury, and the possible mechanisms. We found that HA＋GA significantly improved pathology and morphology of the nucleus and ultrastructure of H9c2 cells under OGD as determined by Hoechst 33342 staining and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） tests. It also reduced the releases of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, creatine kinase-myocardial band isoenzyme （CK-MB）, and aspartate transaminase （AST） from the cultured supernatant of H9c2 cells, which were tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay （ELISA） kits. In addition, it lessened the apoptotic rate as determined by a fluorescein isothiocyanate-annexin V/propidium iodide （FITC-AV/PI） double staining assay. It was also found that HA＋GA might regulate the protein expression associated with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/Akt signaling pathway. Overall, the study demonstrated that HA＋GA protected H9c2 cells against OGD-induced injury, and the signaling mechanism might be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31472128)
文摘Objective： Salmonella enterica remains a major cause of food-borne disease in humans, and Salmonella Typhimurium （ST） contamination of poultry products is a worldwide problem. Since macrophages play an essential role in controlling Salmonella infection, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycyrrhizic acid （GA） on immune function of chicken HD11 macrophages. Methods： Chicken HD11 macrophages were treated with GA （0, 12.5 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 pg/ml） and lipopolysaccharide （LPS, 500 ng/ml） for 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Evaluated responses included phagocytosis, bacteria-killing, gene expression of cell surface molecules （cluster of differentiation 40 （CD40）, CD80, CD83, and CD197） and antimicrobial effectors （inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）, NADPH oxidase-1 （NOX-1）, interferon-γ （IFN-γ）, LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α factor （LITAF）, interleukin-6 （IL-6） and IL-IO）, and production of nitric oxide （NO） and hydrogen peroxide （H202）. Results： GA increased the internalization of both fiuorescein isothiocyanate （FITC）-dextran and ST by HD11 cells and markedly decreased the intracellular survival of ST. We found that the messenger RNA （mRNA） expression of cell surface molecules （CD40, CDSO, CD83, and CD197） and cytokines （IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10） of HD11 cells was up-regulated following GA exposure. The expression of iNOS and NOX-1 was induced by GA and thereby the productions of NO and H202 in HD11 cells were enhanced. Notably, it was verified that nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） and c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK） pathways were responsible for GA-induced synthesis of NO and IFN-γ gene expression. Conclusions： Taken together, these results suggested that GA exhibits a potent immune regulatory effect to activate chicken macrophages and enhances Salmonella-killing capacity.
