To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control surgery group with eestrogen administ...To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control surgery group with eestrogen administration (SE), the control surgery group with normal saline administration (SN), the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group with oestrogen administration (ME) and the MCAO group with normal saline administration (MN). The MCAO rats were occluded for 90 rain by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. After 1, 3, 12, 24 and 28 h of MCAO, the rats of the four groups were killed to investigate the infarct volume, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The cerebral infarct volume in the ME group was significantly smaller than that of the MN group (P 〈 0.05). No significant cell loss was seen in the dentate gyms. Cerebral ischemia led to increased neurogenosis, which is independent of cell death in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus(P 〈 0.05). BrdU-pesitive cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyms of the ME group were significantly increased when compared with those of the MN group(P 〈 0.05). In the SE group, BrdU-positive cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral dentate gyms, were increased when compared with those of the SN group ( P 〈 0.05 ). We concluded that ocstregen plays an important role in neurogenesis, which is independent of ischemia-induced by MCAO in the hippocampal dentate gyms of rats.展开更多
What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possibl...What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possible reason of chemical teratogenesis in the preimplantation period. These research results are contrary to the past traditional concepts. (2) Due to using much more molecular biology methods, it can be observed more dead foetus phenomena before birth, which cannot be done previously and are of great value for reference. (3) When analyzing the genetic reason of chemical abnormal, a new research idea may be showed, i.e. the developmental abnormal due to chemical teratogenesis is induced with association of more relative genes and their expression abnormal. 13 references are involved in.展开更多
Programmed cell death (PCD) during secondary xylem differentiation in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. was examined using electron microscopy and by investigation of DNA fragmentation and degradation of caspase-like proteases ...Programmed cell death (PCD) during secondary xylem differentiation in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. was examined using electron microscopy and by investigation of DNA fragmentation and degradation of caspase-like proteases (CLPs). DNA ladders were detected in developing secondary xylem by gel electrophoresis. DNA fragmentation was further confirmed by using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Western blotting analysis showed that CLPs (caspase-8- and caspase-3-like proteases) and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) were degraded during secondary xylem differentiation. The results thus indicated that secondary xylem differentiation in E ulmoides was a typical process of PCD and the degradation of CLPs might be a constitutive PCD event during secondary xylem differentiation.展开更多
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) is a term that refers to multiple cell types that play roles in the regeneration of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. The EPCs in bone marrow will participate in the internal...Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) is a term that refers to multiple cell types that play roles in the regeneration of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. The EPCs in bone marrow will participate in the internal circulation in a body sub- jected to the stimulation by external factors such as injury, ischemia or drug. EPCs regulate the angiogenic switch via paracrine secretion of proangiogenic growth factors and by direct luminal incorporation into sprouting nascent vessels. Therefore, this paper reviews the sources, isolation and culture of EPCs, the factors influencing the proliferation and activity of EPCs, and the roles of EPCs in angiogenesis.展开更多
AIM To investigate the incidence and mortality rates of upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC) in Hebei Province, China, and to identify high-risk populations to improve UGIC prevention and control.METHODS Data for UGIC ...AIM To investigate the incidence and mortality rates of upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC) in Hebei Province, China, and to identify high-risk populations to improve UGIC prevention and control.METHODS Data for UGIC patients were collected from 21 population-based cancer registries covering 15.25% of the population in Hebei Province. Mortality data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys(1973-1975, 1990-1992 and 2004-2005). The data were stratified by 5-year age groups, gender and area(high-risk/non-high-risk areas) for analysis. The age-period-cohort and grey system model were used.RESULTS The crude incidence rate of UGIC was 55.47/100000, and the adjusted rate(Segi's population) was 44.90/100000. Males in rural areas had the highest incidence rate(world age-standardized rate = 87.89/100000). The crude mortality rate of UGIC displayed a decreasing trend in Hebei Province from the 1970 s to 2013, and the adjusted rate decreased by 43.81% from the 1970s(58.07/100000) to 2013(32.63/100000). The mortality rate declined more significantly in the high-risk areas(57.26%) than in the non-high-risk areas(55.02%) from the 1970 s to 2013. The median age at diagnosis of UGIC was 65.06 years in 2013. There was a notable delay in the median age at death from the 1970s(66.15 years) to 2013(70.39 years), especially in the high-risk areas. In Cixian, the total trend of the cohort effect declined, and people aged 65-69 years were a population at relatively high risk for UGIC. We predicted that the crude mortality rates of UGIC in Cixian and Shexian would decrease to 98.80 and 133.99 per 100000 in 2018, respectively.CONCLUSION UGIC was the major cause of cancer death in Hebei Province, and males in rural areas were a high-risk population. We should strengthen early detection and treatment of UGIC in this population.展开更多
Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye (C. nozakii), a giant cnidarian of the class Scyphomedusae, order Semaeostomeae and family Cyaneidae, is widely distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and is a...Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye (C. nozakii), a giant cnidarian of the class Scyphomedusae, order Semaeostomeae and family Cyaneidae, is widely distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and is abundant from late summer to early autumn. Venom produced by C. nozakii during mass agglomerations can contaminate seawater resulting in death of the halobios and seriously damage commercial fisheries. Swimmers and fishermen commonly suffer painful stings from this j ellyfish, resulting in local edema, tingling, breathing difficulties, depressed blood pressure and even death. Such effects arise from the complex mixture of biologically active molecules that make up jellyfish venom. In the present study, the hemolytic activity of venom from tentacles of C. nozakii and factors affecting its activity were assayed. The HUso (defined as the amount of protein required to lyse 50% of erythrocytes) of the venom against dove and chicken erythrocytes was 34 and 59 gg/mL, respectively. Carboxylmethyl chitosan and glycerol could increase hemolytic activity at concentrations greater than 0.06% and 0.2 mol/L, respectively.展开更多
AIM: To estimate the burden of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) in the Mediterranean area in terms of morbidity, mortality and health cost. METHODS: For statistics regarding the population of each country in the Medite...AIM: To estimate the burden of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) in the Mediterranean area in terms of morbidity, mortality and health cost. METHODS: For statistics regarding the population of each country in the Mediterranean area, we accessed authoritative international sources (World Bank, World Health Organization and United Nations). The prevalence of CD was obtained for most countries from published reports. An overall prevalence rate of 1% cases/total population was finally estimated to represent the frequency of the disease in the area, since none of the available conf idence intervals of the reported rates significantly excluded this rate. The distribution of symptoms and complications was obtained from reliable reports in the same cohort. A standardized mortality rate of 1.8 was obtained from recent reports. Crude health cost was estimated for the years between symptoms and diagnosis for adults and children, and was standardized for purchasing power parity to account for the different economic prof iles amongst Mediterranean countries. RESULTS: In the next 10 years, the Mediterranean area will have about half a billion inhabitants, of which 120 million will be children. The projected number of CD diagnoses in 2020 is 5 million cases (1 million celiac children), with a relative increase of 11% compared to 2010. Based on the 2010 rate, there will be about 550 000 symptomatic adults and about 240 000 sick children: 85% of the symptomatic patients will suffer from gastrointestinal complaints, 40% are likely to have anemia, 30% will likely have osteopenia, 20% of children will have short stature, and 10% will have abnormal liver enzymes. The estimated standardized medical costs for symptomatic celiac patients during the delay between symptom onset and diagnosis (mean 6 years for adults, 2 years for children) will be about €4 billion (€387 million for children) over the next 10 years. A delay in diagnosis is expected to increase mortality: about 600 000 celiac patients will die in the next 10 years, with an excess of 44.4% vs age-and sexmatched controls. CONCLUSION: In the near future, the burden of CD will increase tremendously. Few Mediterranean countries are able to face this expanding epidemic alone.展开更多
Background End-of-life care is not usually a priority in cardiology departments. We sought to evaluate the changes in end-of-life care after the introduction of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order protocol. Methods & ...Background End-of-life care is not usually a priority in cardiology departments. We sought to evaluate the changes in end-of-life care after the introduction of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order protocol. Methods & Results Retrospective analysis of all deaths in a cardiology department in two periods, before and after the introduction of the protocol. Comparison of demographic characteristics, use of DNR orders, and end-of-life care issues between both periods, according to the presence in the second period of the new DNR sheet (Group A), a conven- tional DNR order (Group B) or the absence of any DNR order (Group C). The number of deaths was similar in both periods (n = 198 vs. n = 197). The rate of patients dying with a DNR order increased significantly (57.1% vs. 68.5%; P = 0.02). Only 4% of patients in both periods were aware of the decision taken about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients in Group A received the DNR order one day earlier, and 24.5% received it within the first 24 h of admission (vs. 2.6% in the first period; P 〈 0.001). All patients in Group A with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) had shock therapies deactivated (vs. 25.0% in the first period; P = 0.02). Conclusions The introduction of a DNR order protocol may improve end-of-life care in cardiac patients by increasing the use and shortening the time of registration of DNR orders. It may also contribute to increase ICD deactivation in patients with these orders in place. However, the introduction of the sheet in late stages of the disease failed to improve patient participation.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the study was to review the management of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a single teaching hospital over 13-year period; to determine the prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality an...Objective: The aim of the study was to review the management of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a single teaching hospital over 13-year period; to determine the prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality and evaluate the safety and efficacy of liver resection. Methods: A retrospective collection of medical records of 87 patients with spontaneous ruptured HCC was carried out. The 28 patients underwent emergency intervention including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and laparotomy with/without liver resection. Conservative treatment was performed in 59 patients and 16 of which underwent delayed hepatectomy or TACE. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality and median survival time was 54% and 22 days respectively. Albumin level (OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.778-0.973, P = 0.024), number of tumors (OR = 5.011, 95% CI: 1.015-24.750, P = 0.048) and laparotomy (OR = 0.069, 95% CI: 0.012-0.406, P = 0.003) were all independent factors affecting overall in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level (OR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.024-1.264, P = 0.016) was independent factor affecting overall in-hospital mortality. Age, total bilirubin level, maximum tumor size, number of tumors, portal vein tumor thrombosis and extra-hepatic metastasis were all significantly different between groups with laparotomy and without. There were no significant differences between emergency and delayed liver resection groups in in-hospital mortality (0 vs. 0), median survival time (788 vs. 750 days respectively) as well as 1-year and 3-year survival rates (66.7%, 44.4% vs. 70%, 30%, respectively) (P = 0.763, log-rank test). Conclusion: Both underlying chronic liver disease and tumor stage can affect the in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level is independent factor. Surgeons are more prone to choose patients with younger age, better liver function and earlier tumor stage to do surgery. In well selected patients, both emergency and delayed liver resections are safe and could achieve prolonged survival.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relation ship among vulva condyloma acuminatum, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical epithelium lesions. METHODS From May 2002 to April 2004 patients with vulva condy...OBJECTIVE To analyze the relation ship among vulva condyloma acuminatum, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical epithelium lesions. METHODS From May 2002 to April 2004 patients with vulva condyloma acuminatum were examined employing vulva biospy, colposcopy, highrisk HPV-DNA test and cervical bioscopy. RESUTS In 418 cases of vulva condyloma acuminatum, verified by pathologic analysis, high-risk HPV (+) infections were detected in 68.7% (287/418) of the cases. Among those patients, 20,6% (59/287) had concurrent subclinical cervical intraepithelial neoplastic (CIN) lesions. Among the high-risk HPV(-) 31.3 % (131), patients 7,6% (10/131) had concurrent subclinical CIN lesions, Pathological examination results: cervicitis, 167 (40.0%); cervical HPV infection, 182 (43.5%); CIN-Ⅰ, 51(12.2%); CIN- Ⅱ, 16 (3.83%); CIN-Ⅲ, 2 (0,5%); cervical cancer, none. Another patient had vulva condyloma acuminatum with valva intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) Ⅱ-Ⅲ, CONCLUSION It was concluded that simultaneous cervical HPV infection of many types,was rather common in patients with vulva condyloma acuminatum. Vulva condyloma acuminatum is the chief clinical symptom which hints at a high possibility of infection with high-risk HPV. The patients are at high-risk for CIN and cervical cancer. We must pay more attention to the cervix in cases with vulva condyloma acuminatum.展开更多
AIM To evaluate the association between mortality-to-incidence ratios(MIRs) and health disparities.METHODS In this study, we used the GLOBOCAN 2012 database to obtain the cancer incidence and mortality data for 57 cou...AIM To evaluate the association between mortality-to-incidence ratios(MIRs) and health disparities.METHODS In this study, we used the GLOBOCAN 2012 database to obtain the cancer incidence and mortality data for 57 countries, and combined this information with the World Health Organization(WHO) rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product(e/GDP). The associations between variables and MIRs were analyzed by linear regression analyses and the 57 countries were selected according to their data quality. RESULTS The more developed regions showed high gastric cancer incidence and mortality crude rates, but lower MIR values than the less developed regions(0.64 vs 0.80, respectively). Among six continents, Oceania had the lowest(0.60) and Africa had the highest(0.91) MIR. A good WHO ranking and a high e/GDP were significantly associated with low MIRs(P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION The MIR variation for gastric cancer would predict regional health disparities.展开更多
Congestive heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout...Congestive heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout (necrosis and apoptosis) plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells (CSCs) within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animat CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.展开更多
Programmed cell death (PCD) of the nucellar cells at the micropylar end is involved in pollen chamber morphogenesis in Ginkgo biloba L. A development-course observation of the morphological changes in the nucellar cel...Programmed cell death (PCD) of the nucellar cells at the micropylar end is involved in pollen chamber morphogenesis in Ginkgo biloba L. A development-course observation of the morphological changes in the nucellar cells undergoing PCD to form pollen chamber was performed. During the PCD, the nucellar cells degraded their cellular components through an orderly progression. Through the vactiolation, the cytosol was engulfed by the enlarging vacuole, leaving out various organelles, which remained morphologically integrated. As the vacuolation continued, the vacuole collapsed with the breakage of the tonoplast and the cytosol disappeared completely. Organelles were subsequently destroyed. Ultimately, nucellar cells digested away all of their cytoplasm, leaving with cell walls. They became collapsed as the nucellus developed. Intracellular membranes were strikingly changed, playing a role in leading to cell death. Some of these noticeable changes were the appearance of multivesicular body, multicycle-like membranes, membrane-bounded bodies containing some organelles, tonoplast rupture and numerous vesicles. The dehiscence of the apical epidermis, resulting in the opening, appeared to have followed two different pathways with one involving a specific epidermal cell autolysis and the other by detachment from middle lamella of two neighboring epidermal cells without cell autolysis. The specific epidermal cells had been dead prior to the dehiscence of the apical epidermis, which marked the sites of the dehiscence followed. In view of the changes in the cellular morphology, a process of nucellar cell PCD in the course of the pollen chamber formation was demonstrated.展开更多
We propose two irreversible aggregation growth models of aggregates of two distinct species (.4 and B) to study the interactions between virus aggregates and medicine efficacy aggregates in the virus-medicine cooper...We propose two irreversible aggregation growth models of aggregates of two distinct species (.4 and B) to study the interactions between virus aggregates and medicine efficacy aggregates in the virus-medicine cooperative evolution system. The A-species aggregates evolve driven by self monomer birth and B-species aggregate-catalyzed monomer death in model I and by self birth, catalyzed death, and self monomer exchange reactions in model II, while the catalyst B-species aggregates are assumed to be injected into the system sustainedly or at a periodic time-dependent rate. The kinetic behaviors of the A-species aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory with the self birth rate kernel IA(k) = Ik, catalyzed death rate kernel JAB(k) = Jk and self exchange rate kernel KA (k, l) = Kkl. The kinetic behaviors of the A-species aggregates are mainly dominated by the competition between the two effects of the self birth (with the effective rate I) and the catalyzed death (with the effective rate JB0), while the effects of the self exchanges of the A-species aggregates which appear in an effective rate KAo play important roles in the cases of I 〉 JBo and I = JBo. The evolution behaviors of the total mass M1^A(t) and the total aggregate number MA(t) are obtained, and the aggregate size distribution ak(t) of species A is found to approach a generalized scaling form in the case of I ≥ JBo and a special modified scaling form in the case of I 〈 JB0. The periodical evolution of the B-monomers concentration plays an exponential form of the periodic modulation.展开更多
Length frequency data of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals wer...Length frequency data of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals were analyzed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters. Between length and weight, the power coefficient b was 2.7321, 2.9703, 3.0418 and 2.7252 for the 4 surveying months, respectively. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were 230mm (L∞) and 0.26yr-1 (K) as were calculated with ELEFAN method equipped in FiSAT computer package. With length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality rate (Z) and its 95% confidence interval were 2.16 (1.69-2.64) yr-1, 0.59 (0.15-1.04) yr-1, 1.16 (0.80-1.52) yrl and 0.96 (0.70-1.23) yr1 for the 4 surveying months, respectively, with the pooled data the value was 1.15 (0.81-1.48) yr1. The natural mor- tality rate (M) was 0.516 yr 1 as was calculated with Pauly's equation (the annual average sea water temperature was 11 ℃). Therefore, fish mortality rate was 0.634 yrz. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax, was 0.7 and F01 was 0.55. Cur- rently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.634. Therefore, Fcurrent was larger than F0.1 and less than Fmax. This indicates that current fish mortality is at a dangerously high level. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery (Fopt) was estimated as 0.516 yr1, lower than current fish mortality. Accordingly, reducing catch in the region was strongly recom- mended.展开更多
Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite complete resection of gastric cancer and lymph node dissection, as well as improvements in c...Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite complete resection of gastric cancer and lymph node dissection, as well as improvements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there are still 700 000 gastric cancer-related deaths per year worldwide and more than 80% of patients with advanced gastric cancer die of the disease or recurrent disease within 1 year after diagnosis. None of the treatment modalities we have been applying today can influence the overall survival rates:at present, the overall 5-year relative survival rate for gastric cancer is about 28%. Cellular metaplasia due to chronic inflammation, injury and repair are the most documented processes for neoplasia. It appears that chronic inflammation stimulates tumor development and plays a critical role in initiating, sustaining and advancing tumor growth. It is also evident that not all inflammation is tumorigenic. Additional mutations can be acquired, and this leads to the cancer cell gaining a further growth advantage and acquiring a more malignant phenotype. Intestinalization of gastric units, which is called "intestinal metaplasia"; phenotypic antralization of fundic units, which is called "spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia"; and the development directly from the stem/progenitor cellzone are three pathways that have been described for gastric carcinogenesis. Also, an important factor for the development of gastrointestinal cancers is peritumoral stroma. However, the initiating cellular event in gastric metaplasia is still controversial. Understanding gastric carcinogenesis and its precursor lesions has been under intense investigation, and our paper attempts to highlight recent progress in this field of cancer research.展开更多
In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it c...In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it cannot legitimately be waived or transferred. Since voluntary euthanasia entails waiver of the right to life, the inalienability yields that it cannot be justified. Therefore, any ethical position that is in favor of voluntary euthanasia has to argue that the right to life is an inalienable right and accept the conclusion that killing on request is justified.展开更多
Cancer is the major cause of death worldwide and in the local community. Due to the aging population and changes in lifestyle of the citizens, it is expected that the incidence of cancer will continue to increase. In ...Cancer is the major cause of death worldwide and in the local community. Due to the aging population and changes in lifestyle of the citizens, it is expected that the incidence of cancer will continue to increase. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, about 30% of cancer death can be prevented. The fight against cancer relies on support from the government, together with collaborations with the policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public. Legislation can act as a tool for cancer prevention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the global cancer burden and to describe how cancer legislation acts as a tool for cancer prevention in the Hong Kong region.展开更多
文摘To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control surgery group with eestrogen administration (SE), the control surgery group with normal saline administration (SN), the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group with oestrogen administration (ME) and the MCAO group with normal saline administration (MN). The MCAO rats were occluded for 90 rain by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. After 1, 3, 12, 24 and 28 h of MCAO, the rats of the four groups were killed to investigate the infarct volume, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The cerebral infarct volume in the ME group was significantly smaller than that of the MN group (P 〈 0.05). No significant cell loss was seen in the dentate gyms. Cerebral ischemia led to increased neurogenosis, which is independent of cell death in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus(P 〈 0.05). BrdU-pesitive cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyms of the ME group were significantly increased when compared with those of the MN group(P 〈 0.05). In the SE group, BrdU-positive cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral dentate gyms, were increased when compared with those of the SN group ( P 〈 0.05 ). We concluded that ocstregen plays an important role in neurogenesis, which is independent of ischemia-induced by MCAO in the hippocampal dentate gyms of rats.
文摘What summarized in this paper is the progress in recent years' in the causdive mechanism on study of developmental toxicants as chemical teratogenesis in three aspects.(1) It is about the phenomena and the possible reason of chemical teratogenesis in the preimplantation period. These research results are contrary to the past traditional concepts. (2) Due to using much more molecular biology methods, it can be observed more dead foetus phenomena before birth, which cannot be done previously and are of great value for reference. (3) When analyzing the genetic reason of chemical abnormal, a new research idea may be showed, i.e. the developmental abnormal due to chemical teratogenesis is induced with association of more relative genes and their expression abnormal. 13 references are involved in.
文摘Programmed cell death (PCD) during secondary xylem differentiation in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. was examined using electron microscopy and by investigation of DNA fragmentation and degradation of caspase-like proteases (CLPs). DNA ladders were detected in developing secondary xylem by gel electrophoresis. DNA fragmentation was further confirmed by using the TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Western blotting analysis showed that CLPs (caspase-8- and caspase-3-like proteases) and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) were degraded during secondary xylem differentiation. The results thus indicated that secondary xylem differentiation in E ulmoides was a typical process of PCD and the degradation of CLPs might be a constitutive PCD event during secondary xylem differentiation.
文摘Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) is a term that refers to multiple cell types that play roles in the regeneration of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. The EPCs in bone marrow will participate in the internal circulation in a body sub- jected to the stimulation by external factors such as injury, ischemia or drug. EPCs regulate the angiogenic switch via paracrine secretion of proangiogenic growth factors and by direct luminal incorporation into sprouting nascent vessels. Therefore, this paper reviews the sources, isolation and culture of EPCs, the factors influencing the proliferation and activity of EPCs, and the roles of EPCs in angiogenesis.
文摘AIM To investigate the incidence and mortality rates of upper gastrointestinal cancer(UGIC) in Hebei Province, China, and to identify high-risk populations to improve UGIC prevention and control.METHODS Data for UGIC patients were collected from 21 population-based cancer registries covering 15.25% of the population in Hebei Province. Mortality data were extracted from three national retrospective death surveys(1973-1975, 1990-1992 and 2004-2005). The data were stratified by 5-year age groups, gender and area(high-risk/non-high-risk areas) for analysis. The age-period-cohort and grey system model were used.RESULTS The crude incidence rate of UGIC was 55.47/100000, and the adjusted rate(Segi's population) was 44.90/100000. Males in rural areas had the highest incidence rate(world age-standardized rate = 87.89/100000). The crude mortality rate of UGIC displayed a decreasing trend in Hebei Province from the 1970 s to 2013, and the adjusted rate decreased by 43.81% from the 1970s(58.07/100000) to 2013(32.63/100000). The mortality rate declined more significantly in the high-risk areas(57.26%) than in the non-high-risk areas(55.02%) from the 1970 s to 2013. The median age at diagnosis of UGIC was 65.06 years in 2013. There was a notable delay in the median age at death from the 1970s(66.15 years) to 2013(70.39 years), especially in the high-risk areas. In Cixian, the total trend of the cohort effect declined, and people aged 65-69 years were a population at relatively high risk for UGIC. We predicted that the crude mortality rates of UGIC in Cixian and Shexian would decrease to 98.80 and 133.99 per 100000 in 2018, respectively.CONCLUSION UGIC was the major cause of cancer death in Hebei Province, and males in rural areas were a high-risk population. We should strengthen early detection and treatment of UGIC in this population.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376004,41406152)the Key R&D program of Shandong Province(Nos.2015GSF115022,2015GSF115034)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M531654)
文摘Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye (C. nozakii), a giant cnidarian of the class Scyphomedusae, order Semaeostomeae and family Cyaneidae, is widely distributed in the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea, and is abundant from late summer to early autumn. Venom produced by C. nozakii during mass agglomerations can contaminate seawater resulting in death of the halobios and seriously damage commercial fisheries. Swimmers and fishermen commonly suffer painful stings from this j ellyfish, resulting in local edema, tingling, breathing difficulties, depressed blood pressure and even death. Such effects arise from the complex mixture of biologically active molecules that make up jellyfish venom. In the present study, the hemolytic activity of venom from tentacles of C. nozakii and factors affecting its activity were assayed. The HUso (defined as the amount of protein required to lyse 50% of erythrocytes) of the venom against dove and chicken erythrocytes was 34 and 59 gg/mL, respectively. Carboxylmethyl chitosan and glycerol could increase hemolytic activity at concentrations greater than 0.06% and 0.2 mol/L, respectively.
基金Supported by European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Federico Ⅱ University of Naples
文摘AIM: To estimate the burden of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) in the Mediterranean area in terms of morbidity, mortality and health cost. METHODS: For statistics regarding the population of each country in the Mediterranean area, we accessed authoritative international sources (World Bank, World Health Organization and United Nations). The prevalence of CD was obtained for most countries from published reports. An overall prevalence rate of 1% cases/total population was finally estimated to represent the frequency of the disease in the area, since none of the available conf idence intervals of the reported rates significantly excluded this rate. The distribution of symptoms and complications was obtained from reliable reports in the same cohort. A standardized mortality rate of 1.8 was obtained from recent reports. Crude health cost was estimated for the years between symptoms and diagnosis for adults and children, and was standardized for purchasing power parity to account for the different economic prof iles amongst Mediterranean countries. RESULTS: In the next 10 years, the Mediterranean area will have about half a billion inhabitants, of which 120 million will be children. The projected number of CD diagnoses in 2020 is 5 million cases (1 million celiac children), with a relative increase of 11% compared to 2010. Based on the 2010 rate, there will be about 550 000 symptomatic adults and about 240 000 sick children: 85% of the symptomatic patients will suffer from gastrointestinal complaints, 40% are likely to have anemia, 30% will likely have osteopenia, 20% of children will have short stature, and 10% will have abnormal liver enzymes. The estimated standardized medical costs for symptomatic celiac patients during the delay between symptom onset and diagnosis (mean 6 years for adults, 2 years for children) will be about €4 billion (€387 million for children) over the next 10 years. A delay in diagnosis is expected to increase mortality: about 600 000 celiac patients will die in the next 10 years, with an excess of 44.4% vs age-and sexmatched controls. CONCLUSION: In the near future, the burden of CD will increase tremendously. Few Mediterranean countries are able to face this expanding epidemic alone.
文摘Background End-of-life care is not usually a priority in cardiology departments. We sought to evaluate the changes in end-of-life care after the introduction of a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order protocol. Methods & Results Retrospective analysis of all deaths in a cardiology department in two periods, before and after the introduction of the protocol. Comparison of demographic characteristics, use of DNR orders, and end-of-life care issues between both periods, according to the presence in the second period of the new DNR sheet (Group A), a conven- tional DNR order (Group B) or the absence of any DNR order (Group C). The number of deaths was similar in both periods (n = 198 vs. n = 197). The rate of patients dying with a DNR order increased significantly (57.1% vs. 68.5%; P = 0.02). Only 4% of patients in both periods were aware of the decision taken about cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients in Group A received the DNR order one day earlier, and 24.5% received it within the first 24 h of admission (vs. 2.6% in the first period; P 〈 0.001). All patients in Group A with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) had shock therapies deactivated (vs. 25.0% in the first period; P = 0.02). Conclusions The introduction of a DNR order protocol may improve end-of-life care in cardiac patients by increasing the use and shortening the time of registration of DNR orders. It may also contribute to increase ICD deactivation in patients with these orders in place. However, the introduction of the sheet in late stages of the disease failed to improve patient participation.
文摘Objective: The aim of the study was to review the management of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a single teaching hospital over 13-year period; to determine the prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality and evaluate the safety and efficacy of liver resection. Methods: A retrospective collection of medical records of 87 patients with spontaneous ruptured HCC was carried out. The 28 patients underwent emergency intervention including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and laparotomy with/without liver resection. Conservative treatment was performed in 59 patients and 16 of which underwent delayed hepatectomy or TACE. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality and median survival time was 54% and 22 days respectively. Albumin level (OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.778-0.973, P = 0.024), number of tumors (OR = 5.011, 95% CI: 1.015-24.750, P = 0.048) and laparotomy (OR = 0.069, 95% CI: 0.012-0.406, P = 0.003) were all independent factors affecting overall in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level (OR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.024-1.264, P = 0.016) was independent factor affecting overall in-hospital mortality. Age, total bilirubin level, maximum tumor size, number of tumors, portal vein tumor thrombosis and extra-hepatic metastasis were all significantly different between groups with laparotomy and without. There were no significant differences between emergency and delayed liver resection groups in in-hospital mortality (0 vs. 0), median survival time (788 vs. 750 days respectively) as well as 1-year and 3-year survival rates (66.7%, 44.4% vs. 70%, 30%, respectively) (P = 0.763, log-rank test). Conclusion: Both underlying chronic liver disease and tumor stage can affect the in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level is independent factor. Surgeons are more prone to choose patients with younger age, better liver function and earlier tumor stage to do surgery. In well selected patients, both emergency and delayed liver resections are safe and could achieve prolonged survival.
文摘OBJECTIVE To analyze the relation ship among vulva condyloma acuminatum, high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical epithelium lesions. METHODS From May 2002 to April 2004 patients with vulva condyloma acuminatum were examined employing vulva biospy, colposcopy, highrisk HPV-DNA test and cervical bioscopy. RESUTS In 418 cases of vulva condyloma acuminatum, verified by pathologic analysis, high-risk HPV (+) infections were detected in 68.7% (287/418) of the cases. Among those patients, 20,6% (59/287) had concurrent subclinical cervical intraepithelial neoplastic (CIN) lesions. Among the high-risk HPV(-) 31.3 % (131), patients 7,6% (10/131) had concurrent subclinical CIN lesions, Pathological examination results: cervicitis, 167 (40.0%); cervical HPV infection, 182 (43.5%); CIN-Ⅰ, 51(12.2%); CIN- Ⅱ, 16 (3.83%); CIN-Ⅲ, 2 (0,5%); cervical cancer, none. Another patient had vulva condyloma acuminatum with valva intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) Ⅱ-Ⅲ, CONCLUSION It was concluded that simultaneous cervical HPV infection of many types,was rather common in patients with vulva condyloma acuminatum. Vulva condyloma acuminatum is the chief clinical symptom which hints at a high possibility of infection with high-risk HPV. The patients are at high-risk for CIN and cervical cancer. We must pay more attention to the cervix in cases with vulva condyloma acuminatum.
文摘AIM To evaluate the association between mortality-to-incidence ratios(MIRs) and health disparities.METHODS In this study, we used the GLOBOCAN 2012 database to obtain the cancer incidence and mortality data for 57 countries, and combined this information with the World Health Organization(WHO) rankings and total expenditures on health/gross domestic product(e/GDP). The associations between variables and MIRs were analyzed by linear regression analyses and the 57 countries were selected according to their data quality. RESULTS The more developed regions showed high gastric cancer incidence and mortality crude rates, but lower MIR values than the less developed regions(0.64 vs 0.80, respectively). Among six continents, Oceania had the lowest(0.60) and Africa had the highest(0.91) MIR. A good WHO ranking and a high e/GDP were significantly associated with low MIRs(P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively).CONCLUSION The MIR variation for gastric cancer would predict regional health disparities.
基金Project (No. 20060400200) supported by the Postdoctoral ScienceFoundation, China
文摘Congestive heart failure (CHF) has emerged as a major worldwide epidemic and its main causes seem to be the aging of the population and the survival of patients with post-myocardial infarction. Cardiomyocyte dropout (necrosis and apoptosis) plays a critical role in the progress of CHF; thus treatment of CHF by exogenous cell implantation will be a promising medical approach. In the acute phase of cardiac damage cardiac stem cells (CSCs) within the heart divide symmetrically and/or asymmetrically in response to the change of heart homeostasis, and at the same time homing of bone marrow stem cells (BMCs) to injured area is thought to occur, which not only reconstitutes CSC population to normal levels but also repairs the heart by differentiation into cardiac tissue. So far, basic studies by using potential sources such as BMCs and CSCs to treat animat CHF have shown improved ventricular remodelling and heart function. Recently, however, a few of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated mixed results in heart failure with BMC therapy during acute myocardial infarction.
文摘Programmed cell death (PCD) of the nucellar cells at the micropylar end is involved in pollen chamber morphogenesis in Ginkgo biloba L. A development-course observation of the morphological changes in the nucellar cells undergoing PCD to form pollen chamber was performed. During the PCD, the nucellar cells degraded their cellular components through an orderly progression. Through the vactiolation, the cytosol was engulfed by the enlarging vacuole, leaving out various organelles, which remained morphologically integrated. As the vacuolation continued, the vacuole collapsed with the breakage of the tonoplast and the cytosol disappeared completely. Organelles were subsequently destroyed. Ultimately, nucellar cells digested away all of their cytoplasm, leaving with cell walls. They became collapsed as the nucellus developed. Intracellular membranes were strikingly changed, playing a role in leading to cell death. Some of these noticeable changes were the appearance of multivesicular body, multicycle-like membranes, membrane-bounded bodies containing some organelles, tonoplast rupture and numerous vesicles. The dehiscence of the apical epidermis, resulting in the opening, appeared to have followed two different pathways with one involving a specific epidermal cell autolysis and the other by detachment from middle lamella of two neighboring epidermal cells without cell autolysis. The specific epidermal cells had been dead prior to the dehiscence of the apical epidermis, which marked the sites of the dehiscence followed. In view of the changes in the cellular morphology, a process of nucellar cell PCD in the course of the pollen chamber formation was demonstrated.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10875086 and 10775104
文摘We propose two irreversible aggregation growth models of aggregates of two distinct species (.4 and B) to study the interactions between virus aggregates and medicine efficacy aggregates in the virus-medicine cooperative evolution system. The A-species aggregates evolve driven by self monomer birth and B-species aggregate-catalyzed monomer death in model I and by self birth, catalyzed death, and self monomer exchange reactions in model II, while the catalyst B-species aggregates are assumed to be injected into the system sustainedly or at a periodic time-dependent rate. The kinetic behaviors of the A-species aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory with the self birth rate kernel IA(k) = Ik, catalyzed death rate kernel JAB(k) = Jk and self exchange rate kernel KA (k, l) = Kkl. The kinetic behaviors of the A-species aggregates are mainly dominated by the competition between the two effects of the self birth (with the effective rate I) and the catalyzed death (with the effective rate JB0), while the effects of the self exchanges of the A-species aggregates which appear in an effective rate KAo play important roles in the cases of I 〉 JBo and I = JBo. The evolution behaviors of the total mass M1^A(t) and the total aggregate number MA(t) are obtained, and the aggregate size distribution ak(t) of species A is found to approach a generalized scaling form in the case of I ≥ JBo and a special modified scaling form in the case of I 〈 JB0. The periodical evolution of the B-monomers concentration plays an exponential form of the periodic modulation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Grant No. 201022001)
文摘Length frequency data of small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) were acquired from the survey vessel in May, July, September and December, 2011 in Haizhou Bay of China. In this study, 921 fish individuals were analyzed for the estimation of growth and mortality parameters. Between length and weight, the power coefficient b was 2.7321, 2.9703, 3.0418 and 2.7252 for the 4 surveying months, respectively. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were 230mm (L∞) and 0.26yr-1 (K) as were calculated with ELEFAN method equipped in FiSAT computer package. With length-converted catch curve analysis, the total mortality rate (Z) and its 95% confidence interval were 2.16 (1.69-2.64) yr-1, 0.59 (0.15-1.04) yr-1, 1.16 (0.80-1.52) yrl and 0.96 (0.70-1.23) yr1 for the 4 surveying months, respectively, with the pooled data the value was 1.15 (0.81-1.48) yr1. The natural mor- tality rate (M) was 0.516 yr 1 as was calculated with Pauly's equation (the annual average sea water temperature was 11 ℃). Therefore, fish mortality rate was 0.634 yrz. The yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that when tc was 1, Fmax, was 0.7 and F01 was 0.55. Cur- rently, the age at first capture is about 1 year and Fcurrent was 0.634. Therefore, Fcurrent was larger than F0.1 and less than Fmax. This indicates that current fish mortality is at a dangerously high level. With Gulland method, the biological reference point for fishery (Fopt) was estimated as 0.516 yr1, lower than current fish mortality. Accordingly, reducing catch in the region was strongly recom- mended.
文摘Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite complete resection of gastric cancer and lymph node dissection, as well as improvements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there are still 700 000 gastric cancer-related deaths per year worldwide and more than 80% of patients with advanced gastric cancer die of the disease or recurrent disease within 1 year after diagnosis. None of the treatment modalities we have been applying today can influence the overall survival rates:at present, the overall 5-year relative survival rate for gastric cancer is about 28%. Cellular metaplasia due to chronic inflammation, injury and repair are the most documented processes for neoplasia. It appears that chronic inflammation stimulates tumor development and plays a critical role in initiating, sustaining and advancing tumor growth. It is also evident that not all inflammation is tumorigenic. Additional mutations can be acquired, and this leads to the cancer cell gaining a further growth advantage and acquiring a more malignant phenotype. Intestinalization of gastric units, which is called "intestinal metaplasia"; phenotypic antralization of fundic units, which is called "spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia"; and the development directly from the stem/progenitor cellzone are three pathways that have been described for gastric carcinogenesis. Also, an important factor for the development of gastrointestinal cancers is peritumoral stroma. However, the initiating cellular event in gastric metaplasia is still controversial. Understanding gastric carcinogenesis and its precursor lesions has been under intense investigation, and our paper attempts to highlight recent progress in this field of cancer research.
文摘In this article, the logical implications of a right to life are examined. It is first argued that the prohibition of Termination of life on request confers an inalienable right to life. A fight is inalienable if it cannot legitimately be waived or transferred. Since voluntary euthanasia entails waiver of the right to life, the inalienability yields that it cannot be justified. Therefore, any ethical position that is in favor of voluntary euthanasia has to argue that the right to life is an inalienable right and accept the conclusion that killing on request is justified.
文摘Cancer is the major cause of death worldwide and in the local community. Due to the aging population and changes in lifestyle of the citizens, it is expected that the incidence of cancer will continue to increase. In fact, according to the World Health Organization, about 30% of cancer death can be prevented. The fight against cancer relies on support from the government, together with collaborations with the policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public. Legislation can act as a tool for cancer prevention. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the global cancer burden and to describe how cancer legislation acts as a tool for cancer prevention in the Hong Kong region.