This paper has addressed key notions about ESP and examined issues in ESP curriculum design. The content of the paper was determined by a need identified based on author＇s professional experience as an EMP instructor...This paper has addressed key notions about ESP and examined issues in ESP curriculum design. The content of the paper was determined by a need identified based on author＇s professional experience as an EMP instructor designing and delivering the content-based language lessons--language preparation for Doctoral Degree Applicants in medicine. The author believes that in English class teachers should adopt a student-centered approach, have some knowledge of the special subjects and choose appropriate materials that fit all medical students. This approach has achieved satisfactory result in helping students know about the latest breakthroughs in biomedical fields, communicate with colleagues of other countries and contribute to foreign medical journals.展开更多
The world of Ingmar Bergman is notoriously dark. He exposes us repeatedly to the isolation of human subjectivity and to our desperate attempts to break free of it. To be human for Bergman is to be imperiled, to move i...The world of Ingmar Bergman is notoriously dark. He exposes us repeatedly to the isolation of human subjectivity and to our desperate attempts to break free of it. To be human for Bergman is to be imperiled, to move in an atmosphere of relentless anxiety, and to be driven by passions whose source and power we can neither master nor understand. Is there a period of innocence, a time before we are caught in the coils of the human condition？ The author will argue that Bergman＇s treatment of children demonstrates that in his world birth is the fall from grace.展开更多
Classical Indian Buddhist philosopher Nfigfirjuna is known for his philosophical interpretations of the central conception of Buddha＇s teachings, the philosophy of Middle Path （Mfidhyamika）. Notably he had introduc...Classical Indian Buddhist philosopher Nfigfirjuna is known for his philosophical interpretations of the central conception of Buddha＇s teachings, the philosophy of Middle Path （Mfidhyamika）. Notably he had introduced the unique concept of ＂emptiness＂ （gnyata） to explain the Middle Path philosophy： the philosophical meaning of ＂emptiness＂ is dependent co-arising of various elements that support the worldly experience. This study investigates how this concept is used in explaining the subjectivity of a human person and how it is used for interpreting the unique process of human existence. The discussions on subjectivity are imprecise in modern and contemporary philosophy. But Ngrjuna＇s philosophy enables us to explain subjectivity conclusively, without it having to be explained using metaphysical positions. Sunyata may introduce a new definition for the concept of non-self： not for negating the self but for caring self from the problems of life by making it centered in the Middle Path （madhyama-pratipat）, where one may naturally be able to use his wisdom （prajh） as the guiding principle： not mere knowledge （na）. Sanyat is understood using fourfold （catus.kot.i） logical analysis, not twofold analysis employed normally by other philosophers. Here, the Buddhist notion of self as the co-dependent evolution process of five aggregates （pahcaskandhas） is reinterpreted using the unique method of tetralemma （catus.kot. i）. This critique explores the Western philosophy＇s conceptions on ＂human reasoning, ＂logocentrism,＂ and the objective analytical method of modern science.＂ After careful cross examination of the rival philosophical positions, it reasons out why the ＂rationale of nature＂ is always superior to ＂human reasoning＂ and ＂logocentrism,＂展开更多
Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatit...Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P 450 , the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D 3 metabolite.展开更多
A complex micelle as a hemoglobin functional model with the biaoactive function of reversible oxygen transfer has been constructed through the hierarchical assembly of the diblock copolymer poly（ethylene glycol）-blo...A complex micelle as a hemoglobin functional model with the biaoactive function of reversible oxygen transfer has been constructed through the hierarchical assembly of the diblock copolymer poly（ethylene glycol）-block- poly（4-vinylpyridine-co-N-heptyl-4-vinylpyridine） （PEG-b-P（4VP-co-4VPHep））, tetrakis（4-sulfonatophenyl）porphinato iron（II） （Fe（II）TPPS） and β-cyclodextrin （β-CD）. The μ-oxo dimer of Fe（II）TPPS was successfully inhibited because the Fe（II）TPPS was included into the cavities of β-CDs through host-guest interaction. Fe（II）TPPS coordinated with pyridine groups functions as the active site to reversibly bind dioxygen. In adition, the host-guest inclusion （β-CD/Fe（II）TPPS） was encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of the complex micelle and tightly fixed by P4VP chains. The hydrophilic PEG blocks stretched in aqueous solution to constitute the shells which stabilize the structure of the complex micelle as well as endow the complex micelle with sufficient blood circulation time. Dioxygen can be bound to the Fe（II）TPPS located in the confined space and excellent reversibility of the binding-release process of dioxygen can be achieved. The quaternary amine N-heptyl-4-vinylpyridine can coerce abundant S2O4^2- ions into the core of the complex micelle to facilitate the self-reduction process. Dioxygen adducts （Fe（II）TPPS（O2）） were effectively protected by the double hydrophobic barriers constructed by the cavity of the cyclodextrin and the core of the complex micelle which enhances the ability to resist nucleophilic molecules. Therefore, the rationally designed amphiphilic structure can work as a promising artificial O2 carrier. Potentially, the complex micelle can be expected to improve the treatment of diseases linked with hypoxia.展开更多
文摘This paper has addressed key notions about ESP and examined issues in ESP curriculum design. The content of the paper was determined by a need identified based on author＇s professional experience as an EMP instructor designing and delivering the content-based language lessons--language preparation for Doctoral Degree Applicants in medicine. The author believes that in English class teachers should adopt a student-centered approach, have some knowledge of the special subjects and choose appropriate materials that fit all medical students. This approach has achieved satisfactory result in helping students know about the latest breakthroughs in biomedical fields, communicate with colleagues of other countries and contribute to foreign medical journals.
文摘The world of Ingmar Bergman is notoriously dark. He exposes us repeatedly to the isolation of human subjectivity and to our desperate attempts to break free of it. To be human for Bergman is to be imperiled, to move in an atmosphere of relentless anxiety, and to be driven by passions whose source and power we can neither master nor understand. Is there a period of innocence, a time before we are caught in the coils of the human condition？ The author will argue that Bergman＇s treatment of children demonstrates that in his world birth is the fall from grace.
文摘Classical Indian Buddhist philosopher Nfigfirjuna is known for his philosophical interpretations of the central conception of Buddha＇s teachings, the philosophy of Middle Path （Mfidhyamika）. Notably he had introduced the unique concept of ＂emptiness＂ （gnyata） to explain the Middle Path philosophy： the philosophical meaning of ＂emptiness＂ is dependent co-arising of various elements that support the worldly experience. This study investigates how this concept is used in explaining the subjectivity of a human person and how it is used for interpreting the unique process of human existence. The discussions on subjectivity are imprecise in modern and contemporary philosophy. But Ngrjuna＇s philosophy enables us to explain subjectivity conclusively, without it having to be explained using metaphysical positions. Sunyata may introduce a new definition for the concept of non-self： not for negating the self but for caring self from the problems of life by making it centered in the Middle Path （madhyama-pratipat）, where one may naturally be able to use his wisdom （prajh） as the guiding principle： not mere knowledge （na）. Sanyat is understood using fourfold （catus.kot.i） logical analysis, not twofold analysis employed normally by other philosophers. Here, the Buddhist notion of self as the co-dependent evolution process of five aggregates （pahcaskandhas） is reinterpreted using the unique method of tetralemma （catus.kot. i）. This critique explores the Western philosophy＇s conceptions on ＂human reasoning, ＂logocentrism,＂ and the objective analytical method of modern science.＂ After careful cross examination of the rival philosophical positions, it reasons out why the ＂rationale of nature＂ is always superior to ＂human reasoning＂ and ＂logocentrism,＂
文摘Abnormal bone metabolism and dysfunction of the calcium-parathyroid hormone-vitamin D axis have been reported in patients with viral hepatitis. Some studies suggested a relationship between vitamin D and viral hepatitis. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to identify the proteins that link vitamin D to the pathology of viral hepatitis (i.e., the major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ molecules, the vitamin D receptor, cytochrome P 450 , the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, liver X receptor, toll-like receptor, and the proteins regulated by the Sp1 promoter gene). Vitamin D also exerts its effects on viral hepatitis via non-genomic factors, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase, endothelial vascular growth factor, prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase-2, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, vitamin D could have a beneficial role in viral hepatitis. Calcitriol is best used for viral hepatitis because it is the active form of the vitamin D 3 metabolite.
文摘A complex micelle as a hemoglobin functional model with the biaoactive function of reversible oxygen transfer has been constructed through the hierarchical assembly of the diblock copolymer poly（ethylene glycol）-block- poly（4-vinylpyridine-co-N-heptyl-4-vinylpyridine） （PEG-b-P（4VP-co-4VPHep））, tetrakis（4-sulfonatophenyl）porphinato iron（II） （Fe（II）TPPS） and β-cyclodextrin （β-CD）. The μ-oxo dimer of Fe（II）TPPS was successfully inhibited because the Fe（II）TPPS was included into the cavities of β-CDs through host-guest interaction. Fe（II）TPPS coordinated with pyridine groups functions as the active site to reversibly bind dioxygen. In adition, the host-guest inclusion （β-CD/Fe（II）TPPS） was encapsulated in the hydrophobic core of the complex micelle and tightly fixed by P4VP chains. The hydrophilic PEG blocks stretched in aqueous solution to constitute the shells which stabilize the structure of the complex micelle as well as endow the complex micelle with sufficient blood circulation time. Dioxygen can be bound to the Fe（II）TPPS located in the confined space and excellent reversibility of the binding-release process of dioxygen can be achieved. The quaternary amine N-heptyl-4-vinylpyridine can coerce abundant S2O4^2- ions into the core of the complex micelle to facilitate the self-reduction process. Dioxygen adducts （Fe（II）TPPS（O2）） were effectively protected by the double hydrophobic barriers constructed by the cavity of the cyclodextrin and the core of the complex micelle which enhances the ability to resist nucleophilic molecules. Therefore, the rationally designed amphiphilic structure can work as a promising artificial O2 carrier. Potentially, the complex micelle can be expected to improve the treatment of diseases linked with hypoxia.
